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J Nippon Med Sch 2019 ;86(1):43-47

Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School.

Acute exacerbation of pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with systemic anticancer therapy is recognized as a life-threatening adverse event of lung cancer treatment. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, often induce pneumonitis in patients with cancer; however, the tolerance and safety of nivolumab for advanced lung cancer with ILD are unclear. We report a 72-year-old patient with lung cancer with pathologically proven idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who was treated with nivolumab. Read More

Thorax 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Academic Unit of Academic Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions, with a wide and complex variety of imaging features. Difficulty in monitoring, treating and exploring novel therapies for these conditions is in part due to the lack of robust, readily available biomarkers. Radiological studies are vital in the assessment and follow-up of ILD, but currently CT analysis in clinical practice is qualitative and therefore somewhat subjective. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2018 Dec;14(Supplement):S1227-S1229

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.

AZD9291 is one of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) induced by AZD9291 is very seldom. We provide a case of NSCLC treated with AZD9291 who developed ILD and died in order to improve the knowledge on AZD9291. Read More

Curr Opin Crit Care 2019 Feb;25(1):29-36

Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Créteil.

Purpose Of Review: A prompt identification of the cause of acute respiratory failure (ARF)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is required in order to initiate a targeted treatment. Yet, almost 10% of ARDS patients have no identified ARDS risk factor at ARDS diagnosis. Numerous rare causes of ARF have been reported in this setting. Read More

Ann Hematol 2019 Apr 20;98(4):909-914. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.

Recent studies have not only shown better prognosis of lymphoma with the advancement of therapeutic drug development, but also suggested more attention should be paid to drug-induced lung injury. Early diagnosis is critical for treatment of drug-induced lung injury. F-FDG-PET/CT, the standard imaging method for prognosis evaluation of Hodgkin's lymphoma and some non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has also shown the potential for early detection of drug-induced lung injury in our study. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Nov 5;19:1317-1323. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan.

BACKGROUND Acquired platythorax, or flattening of the chest with a reduction in the anteroposterior (AP) diameter, is very rare and the prognosis depends on the degree of the deformity, respiratory function, and on any underlying disease. Drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia. A case of acquired platythorax is presented in a young man previously treated with cyclophosphamide in childhood. Read More

BMC Cancer 2018 Oct 19;18(1):995. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.

Background: Ceritinib demonstrated a statistically significant effect on the progression-free survival versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the first therapy or after previous treatment with crizotinib and one or two prior chemotherapy regimens in global phase 3 studies. However, some serious adverse effects related to ceritinib therapy were reported across these clinical studies. Among them, a grade 3 and 4 increase in hepatobiliary enzymes was one of the common adverse events related to treatment with ceritinib. Read More

J Clin Med 2018 Oct 15;7(10). Epub 2018 Oct 15.

North West Lung Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.

Background: Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) occurs as a result of numerous agents, but the risk often only becomes apparent after the marketing authorisation of such agents.

Methods: In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review, we aimed to evaluate and synthesise the current literature on DIILD.

Results: Following a quality assessment, 156 full-text papers describing more than 6000 DIILD cases were included in the review. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(38):e12424

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University.

Rationale: Familial hydatidiform mole is extremely rare while familial gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) has never been reported. Inspired by 2 biological sisters with postmolar GTN and liver toxicity, we reviewed susceptible maternal-effect genes and explored the role of possible drug transporter genes in the development of GTN.

Patient Concerns: We reported one Chinese family where the two sisters developed postmolar GTN while experiencing fast remission and significant hepatic toxicity from actinomycin D chemotherapy. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jun 14;10(6):e2805. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.

The first-line treatment for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes the use of afatinib and other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). While generally well tolerated, a small subset of patients will develop drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) which could lead to drug discontinuation or even death. A 58-year-old female with stage IV NSCLC treated with afatinib presented with dyspnea and rapidly progressive hypoxemia. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Jun;10(6):E485-E489

Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.

A 64-year-old man was prescribed maoto, a prevailing Chinese herbal, for a cold with upper respiratory inflammation. Two days later, he developed a high fever, progressive dyspnea and pulmonary infiltration on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) including diffuse ground-glass opacity mainly around bronchovascular bundles and partial distribution of subpleural cysts resembling honeycombing. Despite the administration of azithromycin and pazufloxacin, the pulmonary infiltration and hypoxemia has rapidly progressed, so he was referred to our hospital. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Jul 20;18(1):121. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Diagnosis, Ningbo Diagnostic Pathology Center, No. 79, Huan'cheng Road, Ningbo, 315021, China.

Background: Crizotinib is a multi-target inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with a ROS1 rearrangement. However, interstitial lung disease is a rare but severe and fatal side effect of crizotinib that should lead to immediate discontinuation of the drug. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology, molecular mechanism and risk factors for crizotinib-induced interstitial lung disease remain poorly understood. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018 May;45(5):851-854

Dept. of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital.

A 52-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) received dasatinib after the failure of imatinib and nilotinib therapy. Two years after the initiation of dasatinib, he developed shortness of breath that gradually worsened. Chest X-ray and computed tomography scan showed pulmonary infiltrative shadows and bilateral pleural effusion. Read More

Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018 07 12;6(4):e00421. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Department of Medical Informatics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan.

Because drug-induced interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is a serious adverse drug reaction, its quantitative risk with individual medications should be taken into due consideration when selecting a medicine. We developed an algorithm to detect DIP using medical record data accumulated in a hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) is mainly used for the diagnosis of IP, and chest X-ray reports, KL-6, and SP-D values are used to support the diagnosis. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 10 30;155(4):1218-1232.e24. Epub 2018 Jun 30.

Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Liver fibrosis, hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and proliferation of liver progenitor cells are features of chronic liver injury. Mouse models have been used to study the end-stage pathophysiology of chronic liver injury. However, little is known about differences in the mechanisms of liver injury among different mouse models because of our inability to visualize the progression of liver injury in vivo in mice. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 18;2018. Epub 2018 May 18.

Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

We present the case of a 44-year-old woman affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc) who was admitted to our department for abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. Imaging studies showed the presence of a thickened colon wall involving the descending colon and the sigma, while a subsequent endoscopy revealed multiple serpiginous ulcers covered with fibrin and exudates. Under the hypothesis of drug-induced colitis, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which she was taking for SSc-related interstitial lung disease (ILD), was readily suspended, with a rapid recovery without further treatment. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2018 08;13(8):1106-1112

Division of Hematology-Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: Osimertinib is an oral, potent, irreversible third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of T790M-positive NSCLC patients who failed first- or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare complication with osimertinib, occurring in 1% to 3% of patients. Recently, a relatively high incidence of transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities (TAPOs), which are different from ILD, has been described. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 15;2018. Epub 2018 May 15.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK.

We report a rare case of drug-induced intestinal lung disease (ILD) secondary to adalimumab, a tumour necrosis factor alpha-receptor blocker. A 52-year-old smoker with ankylosing spondylitis, treated with adalimumab, presented with progressive breathlessness. A high resolution CT chest demonstrated predominantly upper-zone patchy ground glass changes and small bilateral pleural effusions. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2018 Oct 9;94(1116):603. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2018 Apr;40(2):170-177

Department of Respiratory Medicine,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of eosinophilic lung diseases(ELD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,accessory examination results,and pathology of 40 patients who were diagnosed with ELD and hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to December 2016.Results There were 19 males and 21 females,and the average age was(48. Read More

Anal Chem 2018 05 26;90(10):6275-6282. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Newark , New Jersey 07103 , United States.

MALDI mass-spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a technique capable of the label-free identification and visualization of analytes in tissue sections. We have previously applied MALDI-MSI to the study of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis (TB) drugs in necrotic lung granulomas characteristic of pulmonary TB disease, revealing heterogeneous and often suboptimal drug distributions. To investigate the impact of differential drug distributions at sites of infection, we sought to image mycobacterial biomarkers to coregister drugs and bacteria in lesion sections. Read More

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019 Mar - Apr;48(2):142-147. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address:

Purpose: Treatment with anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapeutics can lead to unconventional responses and side effect profiles due to their potentiating effects on the immune system. Here we evaluate the radiologic manifestations of anti-PD-1 therapy in the chest in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of real-world clinical practice was conducted of all the patients with NSCLC receiving anti-PD-1 therapy at our institution between 2013 and 2016. Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 08 6;39(8):1483-1485. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.

Respir Med 2018 01 20;134:6-11. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Everolimus (ERL), a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has been used for the management of several advanced cancers. ERL frequently causes lung injury, although the clinical and radiographic features have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features of ERL-induced lung injury and determine the associated risk factors. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Jan 30;18(1):23. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody used as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is commonly employed for its anti-tumor effects against various types of malignant tumors. However, its administration is complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including pneumonitis.

Case Presentation: We present a case series of four patients with malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma who demonstrated pneumonitis induced by nivolumab, and further review clinicopathological characteristics of these patients in comparison with those of previously reported patients with nivolumab-induced pneumonitis. Read More

Drug Saf Case Rep 2018 Jan 17;5(1). Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Pulmonary and Critical Care Specialists, The Toledo Clinic, Inc., 1661 Holland Rd, Maumee, OH, 43537, USA.

A 52-year-old man developed interstitial pneumonitis during treatment with desvenlafaxine for major depressive disorder. The man received desvenlafaxine at 50 mg for symptoms of depression 4 years earlier. Six months after a dose increase to 100 mg, he developed bronchitic symptoms with mild, persistent dyspnea. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Apr 21;57(7):1007-1010. Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.

A 69-year-old man with post-operative recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was treated with multiple chemotherapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A second biopsy revealed an EGFR T790M mutation. As 10th-line chemotherapy, osimertinib was initiated. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Jun 15;24(3):151-153. Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan.

A 66-year-old woman underwent right nephrectomy for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two years later, she underwent wedge resection of the right lung for treatment of metastatic RCC and primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. She began oral sorafenib for the remaining nodules of the left lung, which were suspected to be metastatic RCC. Read More

J UOEH 2017;39(4):291-297

Department of Surgery, Onga Nakama Medical Association Onga Hospital, Japan.

Recent developments in cancer immunotherapy are remarkable. Many reports have described the clinical effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), supporting their utility as a promising therapy that will achieve prominent effects even in patients resistant to cytotoxic anticancer drugs or gene-targeting therapy. ICIs may also prolong overall survival. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2017 Dec 6;17(1):173. Epub 2017 Dec 6.

Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, 5-3-1 Chikami, Kumamoto, 861-4193, Japan.

Background: Alectinib, a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, is a key drug for ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an important adverse effect of alectinib, which generally requires termination of treatment. However, we treated two patients with drug-induced ILD who continued to receive alectinib. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018 04 2;1864(4 Pt B):1240-1244. Epub 2017 Dec 2.

Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Electronic address:

Positron emission tomography (PET) with C-cholylsarcosine (C-CSar), a radiolabelled synthetic N-methylglycine (sarcosine) conjugate of cholic acid, is a novel molecular imaging technique that enables quantitative assessment of the individual transport steps involved in hepatic secretion of conjugated bile acids. Here, we present the method and discuss its potential clinical and scientific applications based on findings in the first human study of healthy subjects and patients with cholestasis. We also present a clinical example of a patient studied during and six months after an episode of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury. Read More

J Bras Pneumol 2017 Sep-Oct;43(5):393-398

. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and progressive chronic fibrosing interstitial lung disease, a definitive diagnosis being established by specific combinations of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. According to current international guidelines, HRCT plays a key role in establishing a diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Current guidelines describe three UIP patterns based on HRCT findings: a typical UIP pattern; a pattern designated "possible UIP"; and a pattern designated "inconsistent with UIP", each pattern having important diagnostic implications. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2017 Nov 6;10(1):557. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.

Background: Eribulin is typically used to treat patients with advanced breast cancer, and anti-cancer agents often cause the development of interstitial pneumonia in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. However, few case reports have addressed eribulin-induced interstitial pneumonia. Herein, we report a rare case of interstitial pneumonia-specifically, organized pneumonia-during treatment with eribulin in a patient with advanced breast cancer. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Mar 1;57(5):707-711. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Japan.

A 39-year-old woman received a seasonal influenza vaccine in November 2015 and subsequently experienced malaise, low-grade fever, and chest discomfort. A chest X-ray performed 2 weeks after vaccination showed multiple nodular shadows in both lungs and ground-glass shadows in both lower lung fields. Her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained an unusually high number of lymphocytes, and a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test for seasonal influenza vaccine was positive. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2017 Oct;179(40)

Within the last few years we have treated still more types of cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors - anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated-4 antibodies and anti-program-med cell death 1/anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibodies. A unique set of side effects called immune related adverse events irAEs may occur during treatment. Although severe irAEs remain rare they can become life-threatening. Read More

Respir Med 2017 10 1;131:220-224. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Radboud University Medical Centre, University Centre of Chronic Diseases Dekkerswald, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has increased in the Netherlands. The fibro-cavitary disease manifestation predominates, as elsewhere in Europe. We studied treatment and outcome of this disease manifestation, as such data are scarce. Read More

Lung India 2017 Sep-Oct;34(5):461-464

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Environmental and Sleep Medicine, Roanoke, USA.

Eosinophilic lung diseases are a diverse group of pulmonary disorders with an extensive list of differential diagnoses. Multiple drugs particularly antibiotics can cause pulmonary eosinophilia with variable pulmonary manifestations. Cutaneous drug reactions are common. Read More

BMC Cancer 2017 Aug 29;17(1):586. Epub 2017 Aug 29.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.

Background: The FOLFOX regimen, i.e., folinic acid (FOL), fluorouracil (F) and oxaliplatin (OX), is a drug cocktail that is used to treat gastric and colorectal cancers. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2017 11;22:158-163. Epub 2017 Aug 11.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.

Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin and interstitial lung disease (ILD) is known to be one of the adverse events associated with temsirolimus, which usually improves rapidly after discontinuation of the drug and rarely worsens thereafter. Herein, we report a case of delayed exacerbation of ILD after discontinuation of temsirolimus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in an 86-year-old male with chronic ILD. The patient developed gradually worsening dyspnea five weeks after an initiation of temsirolimus and was admitted to our facility. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2017 Jul;44(7):595-597

First Dept. of Internal Medicine, Toyama University Hospital.

A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis based on the findings of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Treatment with erlotinib and bevacizumab was initiated, and partial improvement in consciousness and MRI findings were obtained.However, it was difficult to continue the treatment because of elevation in levels of liver enzymes and melena. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Jul;96(29):e7601

Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Rationale: Drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) is a rare type of pancreatitis that is not usually observed in the clinical practice. It is generally difficult to distinguish from acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by other causes.

Patient Concerns: Here, we report a 62-year-old Chinese female patient with "small cell lung cancer" as the initial presentation. Read More

J Pediatr 2017 09 31;188:304. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India.

Int J Mycobacteriol 2017 Apr-Jun;6(2):149-155

Department of Microbiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Background: Patients in countries endemic for chronic viral hepatitis are more vulnerable to antituberculosis therapy-induced liver disorders (ATT-LDs). The aim of this study was to explore the role of cholecalciferol in prophylaxis against ATT-LD among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) receiving ATT.

Material And Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, prospective, randomized, comparative study which included 300 consecutive, naïve patients with pulmonary TB eligible for ATT. Read More

Heart Fail Rev 2017 05;22(3):289-297

Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a subgroup of PH patients characterized hemodynamically by the presence of pre-capillary PH, defined by a pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤15 mmHg and a PVR >3 Wood units (WU) in the absence of other causes of pre-capillary PH. According to the current classification, PAH can be associated with exposure to certain drugs or toxins such as anorectic agents, amphetamines, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. With the improvement in awareness and recognition of the drug-induced PAH, it allowed the identification of additional drugs associated with an increased risk for the development of PAH. Read More

Urologe A 2017 Apr;56(4):486-491

Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Lessingstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.

After immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy was approved for renal cell carcinoma last year, this new immune therapy has spread to urology. Further approvals (atezolizumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab) are expected in 2017 for metastatic urothelial carcinoma that has progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. With expanding use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, experience in diagnosing and managing immune-mediated adverse events increases. Read More

Lung Cancer 2017 02 21;104:111-118. Epub 2016 Dec 21.

St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Objectives: Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) is often associated with high mortality; however it is difficult to predict and manage. we examined the clinical findings and imaging characteristics of nivolumab induced ILD reported in the two phase II studies patients with recurrent or advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: We examined the clinical findings and imaging characteristics of all cases of ILD reported in two phase II trials of nivolumab, an anti-programmed death-1 antibody, in Japanese patients with recurrent or advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016 Nov;43(12):1582-1584

Dept. of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital.

A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC; S4/8)and underwent anterior segment resection of the liver in 2015. He was hospitalized with a wound infection 2 months after surgery. On the 8th hospital day he complained of respiratory discomfort. Read More

Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2016 Dec 23;33(4):355-371. Epub 2016 Dec 23.

Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.

Background: Chronic lung consolidation has a limited number of differential diagnoses requiring distinct managements. The aim of the study was to investigate how logical analysis of data (LAD) can support their diagnosis at HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography).

Methods: One hundred twenty-four patients were retrospectively included and classified into 8 diagnosis categories: sarcoidosis (n=35), connective tissue disease (n=21), adenocarcinoma (n=17), lymphoma (n=13), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (n=11), drug-induced lung disease (n=9), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (n =7) and miscellaneous (n=11). Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2017 01 20;112(1):18-35. Epub 2016 Dec 20.

Yale Viral Hepatitis Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Clinicians are required to assess abnormal liver chemistries on a daily basis. The most common liver chemistries ordered are serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. These tests should be termed liver chemistries or liver tests. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2016 Nov 23;17:880-882. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Centre, Natori, Miyagi, Japan.

BACKGROUND Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor that was recently developed for cancer immunotherapy. In the clinical trials of nivolumab, its adverse effects were reported to be less likely than those of conventional anti-cancer agents; however, after practical clinical distribution, it has come to be known that nivolumab induces various immune-related adverse events. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old male with a recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was treated with nivolumab. Read More