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Jt Dis Relat Surg 2021 11;32(2):461-467. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Sultanbeyli Devlet Hastanesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, 34935 Sultanbeyli, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation of post-reduction magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based parameters with residual acetabular dysplasia in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients who underwent open reduction.

Patients And Methods: A total of 62 hips of 54 children (5 males, 57 females; mean age: 8.5±3. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jun;100(24):e26291

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital.

Abstract: Ultrasonography is the ideal tool for assessing hip morphology in infants younger than 6-month-old. This study assessed the interobserver agreement and clinical disparities of the 2 most widely used ultrasound (US) methods, the Graf method, and femoral head coverage (FHC) measurement.A prospective observational study (STROBE compliant) of 2024 newborns was conducted between January 2017 and December 2018. Read More

IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2021 Jun 9;PP. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Ultrasound is a widely used technology for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) because it does not use radiation. Due to its low cost and convenience, 2-D ultrasound is still the most common examination in DDH diagnosis. In clinical usage, the complexity of both ultrasound image standardization and measurement leads to a high error rate for sonographers. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Jun 5;22(1):517. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Tochigi Prefecture, Shimotsuke, Japan.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip rarely develops in the early second decade. As the incidence of this disease is low, no treatment method has been established. We report two patients with unilateral OA in their early teens in whom the anteversion angle of the femoral neck on the affected side was greater than that on the unaffected side. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 May;35(5):533-538

Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China.

Objective: To measure and analyze the radiographic characteristics of the leg length discrepancy in adult patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: The clinical data of 112 patients with unilateral DDH who met the selection criteria between January 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 96 females with an age of 20-76 years (mean, 42. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 May 14;22(1):442. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, 130033, China.

Background: Modular prosthesis fracture, especially distal femoral fracture, is a rare complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, it is catastrophic, and may have a serious impact on the patients. A distal femoral prosthesis fracture in a patient with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with nonunion at the subtrochanteric osteotomy site has not yet been reported in any literature. Read More

Clin Imaging 2021 Aug 5;76:213-216. Epub 2021 May 5.

School of Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is an important contributor to musculoskeletal morbidity, but effective strategies to screen for DDH remain controversial. The current utilization of hip ultrasound (US) screening for DDH in the United States is not defined. This study utilized Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart, a large commercial and Medicare Advantage claims database. Read More

Arthroscopy 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address:

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between labral length and radiographic parameters of lateral and anterior acetabular coverage and the femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with DDH who visited our hip joint clinic for the first time due to hip symptoms. DDH presence was defined as a lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of ≤25°. Read More

Global Spine J 2021 May 5:21925682211010760. Epub 2021 May 5.

NanKai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.

Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study.

Objective: DDH is a common lower limb deformity. It has been reported that this deformity can change the sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis. Read More

Bone Joint J 2021 May;103-B(5):999-1004

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Aims: The most important complication of treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, which can result in proximal femoral growth disturbances leading to pain, dysfunction, and eventually to early onset osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to identify morphological variants in hip joint development that are predictive of a poor outcome.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who developed AVN after DDH treatment, either by closed and/or open reduction, at a single institution between 1984 and 2007 with a minimal follow-up of eight years. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2021 Jun 22;139:109727. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Brest, France.

Purpose: Screening modalities for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) and indications for treatment of mild forms remain controversial. Ultrasound (US) measurement of the pubofemoral distance (PFD > 6 mm, composed of the pubic cartilage and the pulvinar) can avoid late diagnoses of DDH. A thick pubic cartilage may nevertheless lead to false positives. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2021 05;49(6):NP20-NP22

Am J Sports Med 2021 05;49(6):NP19-NP20

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021 Apr 28:1-5. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA.

In children (4 months to 8 years old), radiographic measurements of the acetabular index are the preferred method to assess developmental hip dysplasia. However, the acetabular index has been criticized as having variable reliability owing to difficulty identifying the correct anatomic landmarks. An alternative method of measuring the acetabular index using the ischium is being proposed to avoid the variability of the triradiate cartilage line as a reference point. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Apr 22;22(1):376. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan.

Background: Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is a rare benign sclerosing bone dysplasia and is often incidentally found on plain radiography. OPK generally does not require treatment. Nevertheless, osteonecrosis or degenerative joint disease can occur in the setting of OPK, and little is known with regard to the longevity of arthroplasty prostheses implanted into OPK-bearing bones. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Apr 12;22(1):344. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Ultrasound, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Binsheng Road 3333#, Hangzhou, 310052, China.

Background: DDH (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip) screening can potentially avert many morbidities and reduce costs. The debate about universal vs. selective DDH ultrasonography screening in different countries revolves to a large extent around effectiveness, cost, and the possibility of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2021 03;183(12)

The screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Denmark is based on clinical examination and selective ultrasound examination of children with established risk factors for DDH. This method of screening may not reduce the proportion of lately diagnosed cases. Universal screening for DDH is cost-efficient and may eliminate late diagnosis of DDH and minimise the need for corrective surgery. Read More

Hip Int 2021 Apr 8:11207000211004917. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.

Introduction: Residual acetabular dysplasia of the hip after open reduction can complicate the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) due to the potential need for corrective surgery. This retrospective study aimed to determine the predictive factors for acetabular development using postoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 74 hips of patients with DDH who underwent open reduction after reaching walking age and were followed up radiologically until skeletal maturity. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

The increasing use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has opened exciting new frontiers for musculoskeletal applications in adults and children. The most common musculoskeletal-related CEUS applications in adults are for detecting inflammatory joint diseases, imaging skeletal muscles and tendon perfusion, imaging postoperative viability of osseous and osseocutaneous tissue flaps, and evaluating the malignant potential of soft-tissue masses. Pediatric musculoskeletal-related CEUS has been applied for imaging juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and for evaluating femoral head perfusion following surgical hip reduction in children with developmental hip dysplasia. Read More

JB JS Open Access 2021 Jan-Mar;6(1). Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.

While perinatal risk factors are widely used to help identify those at risk for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) within the first 6 to 8 weeks of life, limited data exist about their association with radiographic evidence of dysplasia in childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine which perinatal risk factors are associated with acetabular dysplasia in children who are ≥2 years of age.

Methods: Pelvic radiographs were made in 1,053 children (mean age, 4. Read More

PLoS One 2021 18;16(3):e0248701. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify imaging risk factors on contrast-enhanced hip MRI after closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) that could predict future development of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-eight infants (F: M = 53: 5, aged 3-18 months) who underwent immediate postoperative contrast-enhanced hip MRI after closed reduction of DDH were included in this study. Quality of reduction (concentric vs eccentric reduction with or without obstacles), abduction angle of the hip, presence of ossific nucleus, and pattern of contrast enhancement of the femoral head were retrospectively evaluated on MRI. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2021 Mar;66(2):104-109

Federal Budgetary State Institution «National Medical Research Center» Traumatology and Orthopedics «named after academician G.A. Ilizarov of the Ministry of Health of Russia».

The increase in the number of patients with hip pathologies among children of different ages makes the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases one of the most actually existing problems in modern orthopedics. The aim of the work was to determine the features of the lipid peroxidation system - antioxidant protection and hemogram indices in children with various forms of hip joint pathology. The results of a preoperative examination of 47 patients aged 6-15 years (average age 10. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 03 8;21(1):115. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Radiology, Tianjin Hospital, Jiefangnan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, TJ, China.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can show the architecture of the hip joint clearly and has been increasingly used in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) confirmation and follow-up. In this study, MRI was used to observe changes in the hip joints before and after closed reduction (CR) and to explore risk factors of residual acetabular dysplasia (RAD).

Methods: This is a prospective analysis of unilateral DDH patients with CR and spica cast in our hospital from October 2012 to July 2018. Read More

J Ultrasound 2021 Mar 5. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.

Aims: Early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using ultrasound (US) is safe, effective and inexpensive, but requires high-quality scans. The effect of scan quality on diagnostic accuracy is not well understood, especially as artificial intelligence (AI) begins to automate such diagnosis. In this paper, we developed a 10-point scoring system for reporting DDH US scan quality, evaluated its inter-rater agreement and examined its effect on automated assessment by an AI system-MEDO-Hip. Read More

Clin Sports Med 2021 Apr 5;40(2):385-398. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Orthopaedics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3851 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA. Electronic address:

This article provides concise and up-to-date information on the most common hip pathologies that affect adolescent athletes. We cover the evaluation and treatment of avulsion injuries, stress fractures, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), femoroacetabular impingement, developmental dysplasia of the hip, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and coxa saltans focusing on minimizing advanced imaging and using conservative therapy when applicable. Although this is not an all-encompassing list of disorders, it is key to understand these hip pathologies because these injuries occur commonly and can also have detrimental complications if not diagnosed and addressed early, especially SCFE and femoral neck stress fractures. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Apr;41(4):203-208

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Máxima MC, Veldhoven.

Background: Worldwide a wide variation exists in duration of Pavlik harness treatment for infants up to 6 months with stable developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether shortening the time to first routine follow-up ultrasound after initiation of Pavlik harness treatment would reduce treatment duration and whether this influenced radiologic outcome at 1 year of age. Furthermore, predictors of higher acetabular index (AI) at 1 year of age were investigated. Read More

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2021 Jan;55(1):28-32

Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Mersin University, School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological findings of radical reduction (open reduction and Salter innominate osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy) for children of walking age, younger and older than 4 years in the treatment of with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods: In this retrospective study, children of walking age with DDH who underwent radical reduction between 2008 and 2014 were identified. They were then divided into 2 groups according to the age at which the surgery was performed: before and after the age of 4 years. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Feb 17;22(1):199. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Jalal Street, Shariati Hospital and school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: To evaluate and quantify the intraoperative effect of capsulorrhaphy on the deep seating of femoral head within the acetabulum as measured by medial joint space, a surrogate measure of acetabular-head contact.

Methods: In order to determine the exact effect of capsulorrhaphy, we prospectively scrutinized a consecutive sample of 18 patients with unilateral dysplastic hips aging > 18 months and followed them for a period of at least 12 months. The procedure of open reduction is described in detail. Read More

J Orthop Res 2021 Feb 12. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Using an animal model, we aimed to investigate the effects of an inverted limbus on acetabular development following closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We interpositioned the menisci of 5-week-old rabbits (n = 40) into the hip joints to simulate limbus inversion following closed reduction for DDH. The acetabular index (AI) on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate acetabular development. Read More