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Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been reported to be associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Hypopituitarism in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is often linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. We therefore hypothesized that postoperative NFPA patients with hormone deficiency have an elevated risk of HRV alterations indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021 May 1;2021. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.

Summary: A 34-year-old woman presented 18 months post-partum with blurred vision, polyuria, amenorrhoea, headache and general malaise. Comprehensive clinical examination showed left superior temporal visual loss only. Initial investigations revealed panhypopituitarism and MRI demonstrated a sellar mass involving the infundibulum and hypothalamus. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 May 8;15(1):229. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Background: Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism due to pituitary gland necrosis resulting from hemorrhagic shock during pregnancy. It is a rare complication with varied manifestations and a considerable delay in diagnosis.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 45-year-old Ethiopian woman who presented with generalized fatigue for 18 years which progressed to anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain of 6 years' duration, for which she was treated symptomatically throughout these years. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2021 May 21;185(1):1-12. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.

Background: POU1F1 encodes both PIT-1α, which plays pivotal roles in pituitary development and GH, PRL and TSHB expression, and the alternatively spliced isoform PIT-1β, which contains an insertion of 26-amino acids (β-domain) in the transactivation domain of PIT-1α due to the use of an alternative splice acceptor at the end of the first intron. PIT-1β is expressed at much lower levels than PIT-1α and represses endogenous PIT-1α transcriptional activity. Although POU1F1 mutations lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), no patients with β-domain mutations have been reported. Read More

Clin Med (Lond) 2021 03;21(2):e228-e230

University Hospital Lewisham, Lewisham, UK.

A 65-year-old man presented to ambulatory care with a 10-month history of muscle weakness, weight loss, dysphagia and fatigue.Prior to presentation he had been managed in general practice for hypothyroidism with a low T4 level and normal thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). He was commenced on levothyroxine yet, despite dose titrations, had ongoing symptoms. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 17;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Departmet of General Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.

A 75-year-old woman developed redness and swelling on her truncal skin, spreading from the lower abdomen to left thigh, 2 months before being admitted to our hospital. She was urgently hospitalised because of her worsening respiratory condition. On admission, she had reticular telangiectasia, diffuse skin induration on the lower abdomen and panhypopituitarism. Read More

Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021 04 4;525:111173. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is one of several hormone regulatory systems from the hypothalamus to the pituitary and ultimately to the peripheral target organs. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are in close anatomical proximity at the base of the brain and extended through the pituitary stalk to the sella turcica. The pituitary stalk allows passage of stimulatory and inhibitory hormones and other signal molecules. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 28;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.

A man in his early 60s with a medical history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in remission for two decades without maintenance therapy presented with non-specific complaints of profound fatigue and 40-pound weight loss. He was seronegative for antinuclear antibodies and cytoplasmic antineutrophilic antibodies, but erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein levels were elevated. Endocrinological testing revealed adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus. Read More

Endocr Pract 2020 Nov;26(11):1337-1350

Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy.

Objective: Differential diagnosis of nonadenomatous sellar masses causing hypopituitarism is still a challenge. Among these masses, growing evidence has demonstrated that primary pituitary lymphoma is a specific and emerging entity. The aim of our study was to describe our experience with a case of primary pituitary lymphoma and to perform a review of the available literature. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jan 13;22(2). Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.

We report on a patient born to consanguineous parents, presenting with Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) and osteoporosis. SNP-array analysis and exome sequencing disclosed long contiguous stretches of homozygosity and two distinct homozygous variants in (Q6H) and (E1361K) genes. The variant was described as causative in a few subjects with an incompletely penetrant dominant form of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Read More

J Anesth 2021 04 15;35(2):303-306. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Department of Pediatric Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

With the surgical improvement of congenital heart disease, Fontan operation has been applied to many complicated patients in recent years. This is the first report of a child with panhypopituitarism who underwent Fontan operation. A 5-year-old boy was scheduled for Fontan operation. Read More

Front Oncol 2020 1;10:582394. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Department of Systems Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), by unleashing the anticancer response of the immune system, can improve survival of patients affected by several malignancies, but may trigger a broad spectrum of adverse events, including autoimmune hypophysitis. ICI-related hypophysitis mainly manifests with anterior hypopituitarism, while the simultaneous involvement of both anterior and posterior pituitary (i.e. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020 Jul-Aug;23(4):545-548. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

We present the case of a 5-year-old girl who had six episodes of meningitis. She also had panhypopituitarism and was found to have a persistent craniopharyngeal canal (CPC) as the cause of her recurrent meningitis. Role of neuroradiology and a high index of suspicion by the clinical team are highlighted here. Read More

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2020 Sep;54(5):561-564

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), University of Malaya, School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Growth hormone secreting pituitary tumor or gigantism has not been previously reported to be associated with rapid progression of scoliosis in the literature. However, there are some reports indicating scoliosis can be worsened by growth hormone therapy in children and adolescents. A 19-year-old boy was referred to our institution for the treatment of a right thoracolumbar scoliosis. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2020 Oct;29(4):1015-1020

Lt Col Dr Lubna Naznin, Classified Specialist in Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Hypopituitarism is a rare entity with reported incidence, 4 per 100,000 and about 50% of such patients present with three to five pituitary hormone deficits. A slow onset of symptoms is typical. But, diversified presentations from absence of symptoms to vague clinical features to lethal effects leading to mortality are not uncommon in such disorder. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Oct 27;13(10). Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Hematology and Oncology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Pituitary metastases, especially from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are rare. Review of the literature revealed only few cases reporting pituitary metastases complicated by panhypopituitarism from HCC. Calvarial metastases from HCC are even more rare. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Feb 21;94(2):277-289. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Faculté des Sciences médicales et paramédicales, Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France.

Context: The international GENHYPOPIT network collects phenotypical data and screens genetic causes of non-acquired hypopituitarism.

Aims: To describe main phenotype patterns and their evolution through life.

Design: Patients were screened according to their phenotype for coding sequence variations in 8 genes: HESX1, LHX3, LHX4, PROP1, POU1F1, TBX19, OTX2 and PROKR2. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jul-Aug;24(4):338-342. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Background: Sheehan's syndrome (SS) occurs due to ischemic pituitary necrosis resulting from severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). SS is characterized by varying degrees of pituitary insufficiency involving mostly the anterior lobe. Comprehensive data on SS apart from endocrine dysfunction is scarcely available. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2020 Sep-Oct;6(5):e262-e264. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency with GH extracts from human pituitary glands was introduced by Dr. Maurice Raben at Tufts New England Medical Center in 1956. We report long term follow-up of one of the first patients treated with GH. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Feb 29;94(2):242-249. Epub 2020 Sep 29.

Department of Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.

Background: The optimal management of craniopharyngiomas remains controversial.

Objectives: To examine temporal trends in the management of craniopharyngioma with a focus on endocrine outcomes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicentre study. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Sep 9;13(9). Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Endocrinology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.

We report the case of a pituitary stalk germinoma initially misdiagnosed and treated as infundibuloneurohypophysitis (INH). A 27-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of polydipsia, polyuria, nycturia consistent with central diabetes insipidus and a hyperintense pituitary stalk lesion on MRI. A possible INH diagnosis was considered, after excluding other pathologies. Read More

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020 Dec 27;33(12):1613-1615. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.

Objectives: Variants in fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 () may either cause isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) or Kallmann syndrome (KS). Although the relationship of genes classically involved in IHH with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is well established, variants in have been presented as a rare cause of this phenotype recently.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report an adopted 16-year-old male presented with delayed puberty and micropenis. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2020 Aug;48(8):733-738

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University.

We experienced a case of unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm improved endocrinological function after the treatment. A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue, dizziness, and decreased visual acuity. Radiological examination revealed unruptured large aneurysm at the right anterior carotid artery compressing on the pituitary gland. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2020 Sep;37(9):1018-1020

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis for an infant featuring combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

Methods: Clinical data and results of DNA sequencing of the child were analyzed.

Results: The 10-month-old male infant presented with recurrent hypoglycemia, extremely poor appetite and constipation, and severe growth retardation from 2 months on, in addition with pituitary hormone deficiency involving growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and prolactin. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Aug 11;21(16). Epub 2020 Aug 11.

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency represents a disorder with complex etiology. For many patients, causes of the disease remain unexplained, despite usage of advanced genetic testing. Although major and common transcription factors were identified two decades ago, we still struggle with identification of rare inborn factors contributing to pituitary function. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jul 9;12(7):e9102. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Forest Hills Hospital, Forest Hills, USA.

Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder. Hypopituitarism can present as a deficiency of individual anterior pituitary hormones (e.g. Read More

Endocrine 2020 12 12;70(3):584-592. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Pituitary Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

Purpose: To investigate the status of preoperative anterior pituitary function in patients undergoing pituitary adenoma (PA) resection and to identify factors associated with preoperative anterior pituitary dysfunction (APD).

Methods: Patients with functioning and nonfunctioning PAs who underwent pituitary adenoma resection for first time, from January 2009 to December 2019 were analyzed.

Results: Total sample included 232 patients; 123 (53. Read More

Lancet Oncol 2020 08;21(8):e405

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address:

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020 09;31(3):413-414

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.

We present an unusual case of a patient with panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus who underwent aortic valve replacement. We successfully managed these complicated endocrine disorders by using appropriate hormonal replacement therapy. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2020 May;24(5):350-352

Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Pituitary insufficiency is an uncommon disorder. The most common cause is compression due to a pituitary mass. Other causes include inflammatory damage and vascular injury like postpartum pituitary apoplexy. Read More