J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Aug 18. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

Regional Reference Centre for Medical Genetics, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy.

Context: Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder due to mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), glial cells missing-2 (GCM2), guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha 11 (GNA11), or parathyroid hormone (PTH) genes. Thus far, only 4 cases with homozygous and 2 cases with heterozygous mutations in the PTH gene have been reported.

Objective: To clinically describe an FIH family and identify and characterize the causal gene mutation. Read More

World J Surg 2017 Sep 19. Epub 2017 Sep 19.

Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, Box 1674, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is a potential outcome of anterior neck surgery. Commonly it is managed by calcium and vitamin D supplementation in large doses, with attendant side effects. A recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) is now available in the USA, offering a potentially more effective treatment. Read More

Horm Res Paediatr 2017 Sep 19. Epub 2017 Sep 19.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France.

Background/aims: Hypoparathyroidism associated with malabsorption can be particularly challenging to manage due to limited and erratic intestinal absorption of calcium and vitamin D analogues, resulting in episodes of hypo- or hypercalcaemia. We evaluated the role of continuous subcutaneous recombinant parathyroid hormone (rhPTH 1-34) infusion (CSPI) in children with hypoparathyroidism associated with intestinal malabsorption resistant to conventional therapy.

Method: Four patients (8-13 years of age), with symptomatic hypocalcaemia resistant to conventional therapy, were started on CSPI (follow-up 3-8 years) in two paediatric endocrinology units in Europe. Read More

Lab Invest 2017 Sep 18. Epub 2017 Sep 18.

Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Endocrinology Service, Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.

Transcription factors active in embryonic parathyroid cells can be maintained in adult parathyroids and be involved in tumorigenesis. TBX1, the candidate gene of 22q11.2-DiGeorge syndrome, which includes congenital hypoparathyroidism, is involved in parathyroid embryogenesis. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Sep;102(9):3568

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Sep;102(9):3567

Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, "Th. Garofalidis," Medical School, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Athens 14561, Greece.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Sep;102(9):3546-3556

Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.

Context: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene and characterized by chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and primary adrenal insufficiency. Comprehensive characterizations of large patient cohorts are rare.

Objective: To perform an extensive clinical, immunological, and genetic characterization of a large nationwide Russian APS-1 cohort. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Sep 14. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

Section of Endocrine Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

Objective: Little is known about the natural changes in parathyroid function after successful parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. The association of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcium (Ca) with "temporary hypoparathyroidism" and "hungry bone syndrome" (HBS) was evaluated.

Design: Potential risk factors for temporary hypoparathyroidism and HBS were evaluated by taking blood samples before surgery, intraoperatively, at post-operative day (POD) 1, at POD 5 to 7, in postoperative week (POW) 8 and in postoperative month (POM) 6. Read More

Br J Pharmacol 2017 Sep 12. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Musculoskeletal Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co.

Background And Purpose: Human parathyroid hormone (PTH) is critical for maintaining physiologic calcium homeostasis, and plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of bone. Full-length PTH and a truncated peptide form are approved for treatment of hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis, respectively. Our initial goal was to develop an improved PTH therapy for osteoporosis, but clinical development was halted. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017 28;8:212. Epub 2017 Aug 28.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) type 3 consists of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) coexisting with ≥1 non-thyroidal autoimmune disease (NTAID) other than Addison's disease and hypoparathyroidism. We evaluated the prevalence and repertoire of thyroid hormones antibodies (THAb) in PAS-3 patients. Using a radioimmunoprecipation technique, we measured THAb (T3IgM, T3IgG, T4IgM, and T4IgG) in 107 PAS-3 patients and 88 controls (patients with AITD without any NTAID). Read More

World J Surg 2017 Sep 8. Epub 2017 Sep 8.

Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy.

Background: Robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT) is widely accepted in Asian countries. However, concerns regarding the balance between its real advantages and safety and cost have been raised by North American authorities. In Europe, assessments have been limited by small numbers since now. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2017 Sep 7. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

H Dralle, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Universitat Duisburg-Essen Medizinische Fakultat, Essen, Germany.

Genetic association studies hinge on definite clinical case definitions of the disease of interest. This is why more penetrant mutations were overrepresented in early multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) studies, whereas less penetrant mutations went underrepresented. Enrichment of genetic association studies with advanced disease may produce a flawed understanding of disease evolution, precipitating far-reaching surgical strategies like bilateral total adrenalectomy and 4-gland parathyroidectomy in MEN2. Read More

JAMA Surg 2017 Sep 6. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.

Importance: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery thyroidectomy is a novel approach to avoid surgical scars.

Objective: To compare the safety and outcomes of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) with those of open thyroidectomy (OT).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study retrospectively reviewed all TOETVA and OT operations performed from April 1, 2014, through August 31, 2016, at Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Read More

S Afr J Surg 2017 Sep;55(3):74

Groote Schuur Hospital.

Background: There is limited published data on the incidence and risk factors for developing postoperative hypoparathyroidism (POHP) in the South African setting.

Method: All patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy or completion thyroid lobectomy at an academic referral centre from January 2010 to December 2015 were included in this study. Data reviewed included post-operative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level within 24 hours of surgery, age, gender, type of operation and lymphadenectomy if performed, size and weight of thyroid glands resected, final histological diagnosis, presence of extracapsular extension of carcinomas, number of lymph nodes resected, and the number of parathyroids present in the histology specimen. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2017 Sep 6:1-5. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery,University Hospital,Amiens,France.

Objective: To determine whether pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D has an impact on post-operative parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for benign goitre.

Methods: This single-centre, retrospective study comprised 246 unselected surgical patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for bilateral, benign, multinodular goitre. The correlation between pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and post-operative serum parathyroid hormone and serum calcium was studied to determine whether low pre-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was predictive of post-operative hypocalcaemia. Read More

Blood Purif 2017 5;44 Suppl 1:35-40. Epub 2017 Sep 5.

Nephrology Center, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) occurs in patients with chronic renal failure complicated with renal bone disease and soft tissue/vascular calcification. In dialysis patients with severe SHPT, medical treatment may fail and parathyroidectomy (PTX) is indicated for definitive treatment. Severe hypocalcemia from hungry bone disease or postoperative hypoparathyroidism may occur during the postoperative period. Read More

Gland Surg 2017 Aug;6(4):380-384

Division of General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Few studies exist regarding the state of robotic transaxillary thyroidectomy (RT) and its outcomes at high-volume institutions.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients underwent RT between January 2009 and September 2015 at two tertiary centers. Data were collected from prospectively-maintained IRB-approved databases. Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017 Aug 31;3:17056. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017 Aug 31;3:17055. Epub 2017 Aug 31.

Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by inadequately low circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in low calcium levels and increased phosphate levels in the blood. Symptoms of the disease result from increased neuromuscular irritability caused by hypocalcaemia and include tingling, muscle cramps and seizures. The most common cause of the disease is inadvertent removal of, or injury to, the parathyroid glands during neck surgery, followed by genetic, idiopathic and autoimmune aetiologies. Read More

PLoS One 2017 30;12(8):e0183141. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.

The therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) prepared from human tonsillar tissue has been studied in animal models for several diseases such as hepatic injury, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes and muscle dystrophy. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of TMSC in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. TMSC were injected in DSS-induced colitis mice via intraperitoneal injection twice (TMSC[x2]) or four times (TMSC[x4]). Read More

Ren Fail 2017 Nov;39(1):678-687

a Department of General Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.

Background: Total parathyroidectomy (tPTX) and total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (tPTX + AT) are effective and inexpensive treatments for secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT), but we do not know which one is the optimal approach. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of these two surgical procedures.

Methodology: Studies published in English on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 September 2016 were searched systematically. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2017 Aug 23. Epub 2017 Aug 23.

Abteilung Innere Medizin I und Klinische Chemie, Sektion Osteologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

A serum calcium level >3.5 mmol/l together with clinical symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis or even coma are characteristic for a hypercalcemic crisis (HC). Primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia are the most frequent causal diseases for a HC. Read More

Am J Med 2017 Aug 18. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

Department of Internal Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida.

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a rare and probable late disease associated with celiac disease that could be the result of endomysial antibody molecular cross-reactivity with parathyroid gland cells. It is possible that the length of exposure to these antibodies increases the risk for hypoparathyroidism. We present a case of symptomatic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism not controlled with outpatient calcium replacement therapy later discovered to have concomitant celiac disease. Read More

Endocrine 2017 Aug 18. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Division of Epidemiology and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

Purpose: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder for which replacement therapy of the missing parathyroid hormone is not the standard therapeutic option. Current standard treatment consists of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The intake of calcium and vitamin D supplementation can lead to complications and therefore might negatively influence patients' quality of life. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2017 Aug 3. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

Department of Thyroid & Parathyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: The effectiveness of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) following total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with clinical node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still controversial. The aim of the meta-analysis is to evaluate the outcome of pCND and provide quantitative evidence.

Method: A detailed literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrails. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2017 Jul;43(253):26-31

Department of Internal Medicine, Józef Struś Hospital, Poznań, Poland.

Chronic hypocalcemia, irrespectively of its etiology, can lead to severe impairment of the left ventricular (LV) contractility manifesting as dilated cardiomyopathy, usually defined as hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy (hypocaCM). This rarely diagnosed type of heart failure (HF), can be completely reversible, when treated properly with calcium and vitamin D supplementation or, in some subjects, with human recombinant parathormone.

A Case Report: The authors present a case of a 60-year-old male admitted with advanced pulmonary congestion, recurrent pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. Read More

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Aug;55(8):566-569

Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Hypoparathyroidism is one of the most common complications of thyroid surgery. Permanent hypoparathyroidism would bring great pain to patients, seriously affect the postoperative quality of life, is becoming the source of medical disputes. Parathyroid autotransplantation can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism. Read More

Br J Surg 2017 Oct 7;104(11):1514-1522. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Postoperative hypocalcaemia due to dysfunction of the parathyroid glands is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy plus central neck dissection (CND). There is a lack of surgical techniques described to help preserve the inferior parathyroid gland in situ during CND. The objective of this study was to introduce the 'TBP layer' (layer of thymus-blood vessel-inferior parathyroid gland) concept for preserving the inferior parathyroid gland in situ during CND, and to evaluate its effectiveness. Read More

Turk J Surg 2017 1;33(2):91-95. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: Parathyroid allotransplantation is a new method for the treatment of permanent hypoparathyrodism. Adenoma cells are not used for transplantation because of the potential for functional or histopathologic transformation. In this study, we transplanted human adenomatous parathyroid cells to rabbits. Read More

Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2017 Apr-Jun;13(2):49-54

Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston Texas.

The parathyroid glands are critical to maintaining calcium homeostasis through actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Recent clinical and molecular research has shown that direct and indirect actions of PTH also affect the heart and vasculature through downstream actions of G protein-coupled receptors in the myocardium and endothelial cells. Patients with disorders of the parathyroid gland have higher incidences of hypertension, arrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and calcific disease which translate into increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. Read More

Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2017 Jan-Apr;14(1):105-106. Epub 2017 May 30.

Consultant Radiologist, Jammu and Kashmir Health Services, India.

Manifestations of primary hypoparathyroidism are produced by neuromuscular irritability or by extraosseous calcifications. We present a patient of primary hypoparathyroidism who had extensive calcification of brain parenchyma, and was suffering from chronic, generalised and progressive stiffness of body due to cervical compressive myelopathy, caused by calcification of posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. By presenting this case we wanted to emphasize the usefulness of meticulous clinical examination to differentiate the stiffness caused by myelopathy from that which is caused by possible coexisting extrapyramidal disorder. Read More

Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2017 Jan-Apr;14(1):89-91. Epub 2017 May 30.

Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

We describe a case of a 65-year-old woman admitted to the hospital for suspected of epileptic crisis. She was affected by diabetes and hiatal hernia for which she was taking Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) for about 8 years. She showed hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperparathyroidism and severe hypovitaminosis D. Read More

Chin J Cancer Res 2017 Jun;29(3):223-230

Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

Objective: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) proposed a new risk classification for hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in 2015. This study aimed to assess whether the new guidelines are suitable for the Chinese population, and reported our experience on prophylactic thyroidectomy.

Methods: A total of 73 patients from 22 families were screened as rearranged during transfection (RET) mutation carriers from 2010 to 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; the medical history for each patient was collected. Read More

Int J Surg 2017 Sep 18;45:29-34. Epub 2017 Jul 18.

Department of Surgery, Minia University Hospital, Egypt.

Background: Due to high recurrence rate after subtotal thyroidectomy, most of centers have shifted to total thyroidectomy as a surgical treatment for benign multinodular goiter (BMNG), but serious complications, as laryngeal nerve affection & hypocalcaemia, are still present. This study aimed to evaluate treatment of BMNG using intra-capsular total thyroid enucleation in comparison to standard total thyroidectomy.

Patients &methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in a hospital in the period from December 2009 to December 2015. Read More

Surg Endosc 2017 Jul 17. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.

Introduction: The Transoral Neck Surgery (TONS) Study Group was established at the 1st International Thyroid NOTES Conference in February 2016 with the intention of standardizing and refining thyroid NOTES techniques, including both transoral endoscopic and robotic thyroidectomy approaches. Herein, the authors report the modification of indications, preparation, and step-by-step explanations for operative techniques, as well as results and postoperative care for transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).

Methods: Between February 2015 and December 2015, a total of 200 patients comprising 8 males (4%) and 192 females (96%) underwent TOETVA using 3 laparoscopic ports inserted at the oral vestibule. Read More

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2017 15;79(4):202-211. Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Purpose: We conducted a prospective, randomized study to evaluate the necessity of drainage after thyroid surgery.

Methods: The patients (n = 215) were randomly assigned to be treated with suction drains (group 1; n = 108) or not (group 2; n = 107).

Results: The postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the non-drained group than in the drained group of patients at postoperative days 0 and at 1. Read More

Clin Ter 2017 Jul-Aug;168(4):e271-e277

Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo - Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia.

Aims: This review evaluates those main risk factors that can affect patients undergoing thyroidectomy, to reach a better pre- and post-operative management of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Discussion: The transient hypoparathyroidism is a potentially severe complication of thyroidectomy, including a wide range of signs and symptoms that persists for a few weeks. The definitive hypoparathyroidism occurs when a medical treatment is necessary over 12 months. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2017 Jan;13(544-545):45-48

Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition et hypertension, Département des spécialités de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.

The European Society of Endocrinology has published this year a series of guidelines for hypoparathyroidism, the management of adrenal incidentalomas as well as for the long-term follow-up of patients operated on for a phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). For hypoparathyroidism, guidelines insist on screening for chronic complications and monitoring treatment with calcium and vitamin D; the use of recombinant PTH may provide new opportunities for the future. Concerning adrenal incidentalomas, the panel of the guidelines primarily recommends non contrast CT for the evaluation of the risk of malignancy. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017 Jul-Sep;8(3):486-487

Department of Paediatrics, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017 Jul-Sep;8(3):329

Department of Pediatrics, Maribor Clinical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia.

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jun 28;22(2):133-138. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. Read More

JIMD Rep 2017 Jul 7. Epub 2017 Jul 7.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

A combination of unexplained peripheral neuropathy, hypoparathyroidism, and the inability to cope with metabolic stress could point to a rare inborn error of metabolism, such as mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency.Here, we describe a 20-year-old woman who was known since childhood with axonal motor sensory polyneuropathy of unknown origin. She presented with progressive dyspnoea, and increased muscle weakness, preceded by 6 days of fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Read More

Presse Med 2017 Jul 3. Epub 2017 Jul 3.

Polyclinique Aguilera, 21, rue de l'Estagnas, 64200 Biarritz, France.

Auto-immune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) also called Auto-immune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) is a rare monogenic childhood-onset auto-immune disease. This autosomal recessive disorder is caused by mutations in the auto-immune regulator (AIRE) gene, and leads to autoimmunity targeting peripheral tissues. There is a wide variability in clinical phenotypes in patients with APSI, with auto-immune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jul-Aug;21(4):638-639

Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jul-Aug;21(4):498-503

Department of Endocrine Surgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Postoperative transient hypocalcemia is sequelae of total thyroidectomy (TT), which is observed in up to 50% of patients. Routine oral calcium and Vitamin D supplementation have been proposed to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia preventing morbidity and facilitating early discharge.

Patients And Methods: A total of 208 patients with nontoxic benign thyroid disorders, undergoing TT, were serially randomized into four groups: Group A (no supplements were given), Group B (oral calcium - 2 g/day given), Group C (calcium and calcitriol - 1 mcg/day are given), and Group D (calcium, calcitriol, and cholecalciferol - 60,000 IU/day are given). Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Mar 15;31(2):161-173. Epub 2017 Apr 15.

Endocrinology Service, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Hypothyroidism may occur in association with congenital parathyroid disorders determining parathyroid hormone insufficiency, which is characterized by hypocalcemia and concomitant inappropriately low secretion of parathormone (PTH). The association is often due to loss of function of genes common to thyroid and parathyroid glands embryonic development. Hypothyroidism associated with hypoparathyroidism is generally mild and not associated with goiter; moreover, it is usually part of a multisystemic involvement not restricted to endocrine function as occurs in patients with 22q11 microdeletion/DiGeorge syndrome, the most frequent disorders. Read More

Updates Surg 2017 Jun 23;69(2):211-215. Epub 2017 Jun 23.

Endocrinesurgery Unit, "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" Hospital, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania, Italy.

Complications of thyroidectomy are hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and hemorrhage. These complications have a low incidence. Hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication of total thyroidectomy. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2017 31;2017:3962951. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism normally occurs a short time after thyroid surgery in form of two clinical syndromes of different etiology and prognosis. The first is transitory and might spontaneously recover within a few weeks or months. The second is permanent and needs a definitive treatment. Read More