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Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021 06 21. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Functional properties of the paracellular pathway depend critically on the set of claudins expressed at the tight junction. Two syndromes are causally linked to loss-of-function mutations of claudins: HELIX syndrome caused by genetic variations in the CLDN10 gene, and Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis caused by genetic variations in the CLDN16 or the CLDN19 gene. All three genes are expressed in the kidney, particularly in the thick ascending limb (TAL). Read More

Diabetol Int 2021 Jul 2;12(3):268-276. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Medicine, Nerima General Hospital, 1-24-1 Asahigaoka, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 176-8530 Japan.

Aim: This study was aimed at retrospectively investigating some common clinical factors, including the serum level of magnesium (Mg), associated with progression and remission/regression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: The subjects were 690 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs other than SGLT2 inhibitors. Routine clinical data were collected on the first and last day of the observation period. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2021 Jun 21. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Nutrition and Dietetics Division. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

Introduction: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a metabolic complication in the initial phase of nutritional therapy (NT). Studies evaluating electrolyte abnormalities among patients at risk for RFS undergoing NT in the Emergency Department (ED) are scarce.

Objective: to explore the occurrence of electrolyte abnormalities among patients at risk for RFS with enteral nutrition admitted to the ED. Read More

Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021 Jun 18. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York & NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY.

- Worldwide, there are millions of chronic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) users, often without a compelling indication. Evidence indicates that PPI treatment can increase mortality, in part due to a higher risk of QTc-related malignant arrhythmias. Drug-induced hypomagnesemia is currently believed to be the underlying mechanism, and therefore serum magnesium monitoring is recommended to minimize arrhythmic risk. Read More

Nutr Res 2021 May 21;91:1-12. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo 0130, Norway; Regional Advisory Unit for Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway. Electronic address:

Refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening clinical disorder that can occur when treating malnutrition. The aim was to examine the current knowledge of refeeding syndrome in patients ≥ 65 + years with special focus on the incidence of hypophosphatemia (HP) in relation to refeeding rate (kcal/kg/day), number of days until the lowest level of phosphate occurs (day of nadir), refeeding rates and adverse events, and death. Specifically, we hypothesized that higher energy provision would cause a higher incidence of HP. Read More

Eur J Haematol 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Clinical pharmacist/ clinical pharmacologist, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions of cyclosporine using AUC targeted Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) compared to trough levels (C ) targeted TDM in adult allogeneic stem cell recipients.

Methods: Blind, monocentre, intervention study. Subjects were 1:1 randomized into either an AUC group or a C group. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2021 Jun 5;10(12):e020205. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine The Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin Cities Minneapolis MN.

Background Dietary Mg intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart failure, whereas low circulating Mg level is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether Mg deficiency alone could cause cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low Mg (low-Mg, 15-30 mg/kg Mg) or a normal Mg (nl-Mg, 600 mg/kg Mg) diet for 6 weeks. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 20;12:616719. Epub 2021 May 20.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.

Low levels of serum magnesium perturb renal tubular cell function and lymphocytes, resulting in renal deterioration and an imbalance in mononuclear cells. This study investigated the mechanism and influence of hypomagnesemia in patients with connective tissue disease. We retrospectively evaluated patients with connective tissue disease and available serum magnesium data who visited Keio University Hospital in 2019. Read More

Braz J Anesthesiol 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal.

Gitelman syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease that affects the thiazidesensitive sodium-chloride cotransport channels and the magnesium channels in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. There is no cure for this condition and supportive treatment relies on ionic supplementation and symptom management. Literature regarding the anesthetic approach is scarce. Read More

Transpl Int 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America.

Background: Hypomagnesemia is common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We sought to explore the relationship between Mg and outcomes in KTRs, which may be associated with mortality and thus, may be a potential intervention target to improve outcomes.

Methods: We followed KTRs performed between 01/2000 and 6/2016 at a large US transplant center from 6 months post-transplant to graft failure, death, or loss to follow-up. Read More

Int J Gen Med 2021 24;14:1999-2002. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Endocrinology, The Peoples Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.

Aim: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. In this study, we investigated the clinical presentation and sequenced 26 exons of gene in a patient with a clinical suspicion of GS.

Methods: Clinical work-up including clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-ray, bone mineral density (BMD), and ultrasound examination was conducted and all exons of gene were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing. Read More

South Med J 2021 Jun;114(6):351-355

From the Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, El Paso.

Objectives: Refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening, physiological process that occurs when patients with severe malnutrition are too rapidly rehabilitated, leading to the development of electrolyte abnormalities. Hypophosphatemia, a hallmark of the disease, has most commonly been studied, because it is recognized to result in cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, cardiac failure, respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis, coma, and even death. Although many studies have found caloric intake to be a main causal factor in refeeding syndrome, few have explored other factors, such as geographic location. Read More

Cells 2021 May 12;10(5). Epub 2021 May 12.

Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.

Several anticancer drugs including cisplatin (CDDP) induce hypomagnesemia. However, it remains fully uncertain whether Mg deficiency affects chemosensitivity of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of low Mg concentration (LM) on proliferation and chemosensitivity using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 May 21;10(6). Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.

This study examined the effect of sodium salicylates (SS), alone and in combination with curcumin (CUR), on kidney function and architecture in rats. Five rat groups were given 1 mL physiological saline/rat orally, 1 mL olive oil/rat orally, 50 mg CUR/kg bwt orally, 300 mg SS/kg bwt intraperitoneally, or CUR+SS for 15 days. The hematological indices, serum protein profile, serum electrolytes balance, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation of kidney tissues were assessed. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

A 72-year-old man, diagnosed with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma, was administered of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with necitumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as a sixth-line treatment. Tumor shrinkage was observed, but asymptomatic grade 4 hypomagnesemia occurred on day 8 of the second cycle. He received magnesium replenishment and hypomagnesemia recovered on day 40, but tumor progression was observed during the period of magnesium correction. Read More

J Chemother 2021 Jun 1:1-8. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between renal dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities, which are adverse events of foscarnet used for cytomegalovirus infection. Of the Ninety hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients, 32 who met the selection criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. The study patients were divided into two groups according to whether they developed renal dysfunction. Read More

Eur J Nutr 2021 May 30. Epub 2021 May 30.

Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Rm74026, 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Corticosteroid (CS) therapy for infectious and rheumatological diseases showed to decrease serum magnesium (Mg) level and induce muscle atrophy in patients. The present study investigated the effects of Mg supplementation on preventing CS-induced muscle atrophy in an animal model, which provided experimental data for potential clinical translation.

Methods: Twelve 24-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CS methylprednisolone (MPS) to induce muscle atrophy, with half of the rats also given daily 50 mg/kg Mg oral supplementation. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 10;2021:9973161. Epub 2021 May 10.

Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive inherited salt-losing renal tubular disease, which is caused by a pathogenic mutation of encoding thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, which leads to disturbance of sodium and chlorine reabsorption in renal distal convoluted tubules, resulting in phenotypes such as hypovolemia, renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. In this study, two GS families with proteinuria or Hashimoto's thyroiditis were analyzed for genetic-phenotypic association. Sanger sequencing revealed that two probands carried compound heterozygous mutations, and proband A carried two pathogenic mutations: missense mutation Arg83Gln, splicing mutation, or frameshift mutation NC_000016. Read More

Drugs Real World Outcomes 2021 May 20. Epub 2021 May 20.

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Introduction: The availability of the sodium-free potassium binder patiromer opens new opportunities for hyperkalemia management.

Objective: Our objective was to compare data from a 4-year global pharmacovigilance database of adverse events (AEs) reported in patients prescribed patiromer in clinical practice compared with data obtained from the clinical trial program.

Methods: Postmarketing safety data regarding patiromer (Veltassa; Vifor Pharma, Inc. Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2021 May 19. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

Objectives: We aimed to share a new laboratory model based on laboratory knowledge, meaningful use of information technology, and partnership with clinicians, to lead the appropriate use of laboratory testing and clinical decision making in the diagnosis of as-yet-undiagnosed disease. More specifically, we evaluate the role of eight different opportunistic interventions to diagnose certain asymptomatic disorders, by means of the automatic registration of appropriate laboratory testing according to different scenarios.

Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study to evaluate the impact of laboratory interventions on the diagnosis of different diseases and on patient care, including data from January 2012 to September 2020. Read More

Caspian J Intern Med 2021 Mar;12(2):223-227

Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad , India.

Background: Determination of modifiable risk factors for treatment and prevention of acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is very crucial. Therefore, the present study determined the role of serum magnesium level in acute COPD exacerbation.

Methods: This prospective study involved 100 patients with an exacerbation of COPD. Read More

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021 May 18. Epub 2021 May 18.

Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

Background: Primary hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH) is a rare genetic disorder. Dysfunctional transient receptor potential melastatin 6 causes impaired intestinal absorption of magnesium, leading to low serum levels accompanied by hypocalcemia. Typical signs at initial manifestation are generalized seizures, tetany, and/or muscle spasms. Read More

Postgrad Med 2021 May 31:1-5. Epub 2021 May 31.

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

: We aimed to determine the optimal range of discharge serum magnesium in hospitalized patients by evaluating one-year mortality risk according to discharge serum magnesium.: This was a single-center cohort study of hospitalized adult patients who survived until hospital discharge. We classified discharge serum magnesium, defined as the last serum magnesium within 48 hours of hospital discharge, into ≤1. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 29;9:544925. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Gitelman syndrome (GS, OMIM 263800) is a genetic congenital tubulopathy associated with salt loss, which is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic toxicity, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia. GS, which is typically detected in adolescence or adulthood, has long been considered a benign tubular lesion; however, the disease is associated with a significant decrease in the quality of life. In this study, we assessed the genotype-phenotype correlations based on the medical histories, clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and whole-exome sequencing profiles from pediatric patients with GS. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 21;9:657256. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.

encodes an α1 isoform of Na/K-ATPase, which is expressed abundantly in kidneys and central nervous system. variants may cause Na/K-ATPase loss of function and lead to a wide spectrum of phenotypes. This study aims to summarize the clinical and genetic features of mutation-related disorders and explore the potential correlations between phenotypes and genotypes. Read More

Transfus Clin Biol 2021 May 20. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.

Objectives: During plateletpheresis, citrate induces hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which are usually transient and self-limiting, but they can lead to significant donor discomfort. The aim of study was to determine the effect of citrate infusion on a multitude of biochemical parameters during plateletpheresis in healthy donors and to correlate changes with adverse donor reactions.

Methods: The study was conducted on 60 healthy plateletpheresis donors. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 2;13(4):e14253. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York Medical College, New York, USA.

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypocalciuria. It is caused by mutations in gene SLC12A3 (located in chromosome 16q) encoding NaCl cotransporter. GS is usually asymptomatic for several years and is diagnosed in late childhood or adulthood. Read More

Clin Cancer Res 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Purpose: Activating mutations in promote resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in breast cancer; however, inhibition of PI3K alone leads to escape via feedback upregulation of HER3. Combined inhibition of HER2, HER3, and PI3K overcomes this mechanism preclinically.

Patients And Methods: This phase I study investigated the MTD of alpelisib given in combination with trastuzumab and LJM716 (a HER3-targeted antibody) in patients with -mutant HER2-positive (HER2) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) using the continual reassessment method. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2021 Jun 21;14(6):123. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Healthcare Global Enterprises Limited, Sampangi Ram Nagar, Bangalore 560027, India.

Hypermagnesemia is often an under reported finding in critically ill patients with cancer. Hypomagnesemia is a commonly encountered electrolyte abnormality in patients with cancer that is primarily caused by a reduced intake, secondary to chemotherapeutic drugs and malnutrition. Hypermagnesemia is rarely observed in patients with normal renal function, as excess intake can be compensated by renal excretion. Read More

Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021 Mar;41:1-5

Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC.

Black men have a higher prevalence of and mortality rate from prostate cancer compared with White men and have been shown to present with more aggressive and later-stage disease. How prostate cancer treatment affects these racial disparities is still unclear. Several studies have shown that Black men who receive treatment have a more pronounced decrease in prostate cancer-specific death; however, there remains a large disparity in all-cause mortality. Read More