N Engl J Med 2017 06;376(24):2329-2340

From Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (T.L., N.T.T., T.P.T., N.T.H., H.B.L., H.T.N., H.F.L.W., J.N.D., J.F., G.T., M.W.), and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (N.T.K.C., N.L.N.T., N.V.V.C.), Ho Chi Minh City, the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases (N.V.K., N.T.L.) and Bach Mai Hospital (P.T.T.T., D.D.C.), Hanoi, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong (P.T.H.P., V.H.V.), and Vietnam-Sweden Uong Bi Hospital, Quang Ninh (D.T.H.H., V.V.T.) - all in Vietnam; the Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health (T.L., J.N.D., G.T., M.W.), and the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network (L.M.), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; the Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.F.L.W.); and the Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu (T.L., C.S.).

Background: Talaromyces marneffei infection is a major cause of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related death in South and Southeast Asia. Guidelines recommend initial treatment with amphotericin B deoxycholate, but this drug has substantial side effects, a high cost, and limited availability. Itraconazole is available in oral form, is associated with fewer unacceptable side effects than amphotericin, and is widely used in place of amphotericin; however, clinical trials comparing these two treatments are lacking. Read More

Semin Dial 2017 Jun 13. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

Division of Nephrology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Magnesium balance is infrequently discussed in the dialysis population, and the clinical consequences of derangements in magnesium homeostasis are incompletely understood. There is an association between hypomagnesemia and adverse outcomes including increases in cardiovascular disease and mortality, while elevated magnesium levels have also been linked with complications such as osteomalacia. In this review, we discuss the features of magnesium physiology relevant to dialysis patients and provide an updated summary of the literature linking magnesium derangements with bone disease, cardiovascular disease, sudden cardiac death, and mortality. Read More

Front Physiol 2017 24;8:326. Epub 2017 May 24.

Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France.

Claudins are a family of proteins that forms paracellular barriers and pores determining tight junctions (TJ) permeability. Claudin-16 and -19 are pore forming TJ proteins allowing calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL). Loss-of-function mutations in the encoding genes, initially identified to cause Familial Hypomagnesemia with Hypercalciuria and Nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC), were recently shown to be also involved in Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI). Read More

Oncologist 2017 Jun 7. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, San Giovanni Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Lessons Learned: Panitumumab shows activity in terms of disease control rate and preventing disease progression but not for tumor shrinkage in head and neck squamous cell cancer for second-line treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) copy number gain, a property of tumor cells that theoretically could identify patients more likely to experience disease response, was common among patients having disease control.Our trial, given the lower toxicity with an every-2-week schedule, provides guidance for future trials, for example, in combinations of immune therapies and anti-EGFR-antibodies. Read More

Kidney Int 2017 May 31. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Electronic address:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1β) is an essential transcription factor for the development and functioning of the kidney. Mutations in HNF1β cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease characterized by renal cysts and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Moreover, these patients suffer from a severe electrolyte phenotype consisting of hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2017 Jun 2. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Liver Transplantation, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

AEs during immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus are very common. We retrospectively evaluated FK safety and efficacy in a large pediatric liver transplant cohort in Latin America. During 2-year follow-up, we analyzed data from patients who underwent liver transplantation over the period 2010-2012 and recorded FK exposure, AEs, and AR episodes. Read More

Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017 May 31. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

In this report we describe a young patient diagnosed with bulky FIGO stage IIIb squamous cell cervix carcinoma with severe and irreversible nephropathy after three weekly low-doses of cisplatin. Besides several known risk factors such as hypomagnesemia and hypoalbuminemia, the patient also proved to be homozygously polymorphic for two polymorphisms within the COMT gene (c.615 + 310C>T and c. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017 May-Jun;21(3):439-442

Department of Medicine, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is the 4(th) most common mineral and the 2(nd) most abundant intracellular cation in the body. It plays major roles in various physiological activities and has been implicated in many disease states.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the patterns and correlates of serum Mg in cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients in Nigeria. Read More

J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017 May 23. Epub 2017 May 23.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

BMC Surg 2017 May 25;17(1):62. Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Thyroid & Parathyroid surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Alley 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.

Background: To investigate the role of magnesium in biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia, a retrospective study was conducted.

Methods: Less-than-total thyroidectomy patients were excluded from the final analysis. Identified the risk factors of biochemical and symptomatic hypocalcemia, and investigated the correlation by logistic regression and correlation test respectively. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2017 May 24. Epub 2017 May 24.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.

Hypomagnesemia is associated with the development of neuropathy and abnormal platelet activity, both of which are risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of magnesium administration on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with DFU. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 70 subjects with grade 3 DFU. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2017 May 18. Epub 2017 May 18.

Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University: Kita 12-jo, Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. Electronic address:

Cisplatin (CDDP)-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is one of the most serious toxicities caused by this potent antitumor agent. It has been reported that Mg premedication attenuates CIN in clinical trials; however, the mechanism underlying its nephroprotection is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether Mg administration affects CDDP accumulation by regulating the expression level of renal transporters. Read More

Nutrition 2017 Jun 2;38:54-60. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: Recent studies have demonstrated that minerals play a role in glucose metabolism disorders in humans. Magnesium, in particular, is an extensively studied mineral that has been shown to function in the management of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (IR) action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnesium supplementation on IR in humans via systematic review of the available clinical trials. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2017 May 13;6(1):98-104. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

Shahrak of Gharb (Qods) pathologic and genetic center, Tehran, Iran.

Nephronophthisis, an autosomal recessive kidney disease, represents the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage kidney disease in the first three decades of life. A 27-year-old male was presented with gait imbalance, sever pruritus since 10 days prior time of admission. In past medical history, he had bilateral cataract, torsional nystagmus, and bilateral optic nerve atrophy since 2 years of age. Read More

Child Neurol Open 2016 Jan-Dec;3:2329048X16674834. Epub 2016 Oct 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Childhood seizures have various nonneurological etiologies. The patient's magnesium levels should be measured when evaluating afebrile seizures. The purpose of the current case series is to describe a systematic approach for diagnosing hypomagnesemia using 3 recent patient cases. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2017 May 7;353(5):422-424. Epub 2017 Jan 7.

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee. Electronic address:

Acute stressor states are linked to neurohormonal activation that includes the adrenergic nervous system. Elevations in circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine unmask an interdependency that exists between K(+) and Mg(2+) based on their regulation of a large number of Mg(2+)-dependent Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pumps present in skeletal muscle. The hyperadrenergic state accounts for a sudden translocation of cations into muscle with the rapid appearance of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2017 Mar 27. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Department of Microbiology, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Electronic address:

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of colistin use in critically ill neonates.

Methods: This was a case-control study that included newborn infants with proven or suspected nosocomial infections between January 2012 and October 2015, at two centers in Diyarbakir, Turkey. The clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of patients who received colistin therapy were reviewed and compared to patients who were treated with antimicrobial agents other than colistin during the same period. Read More

Clin Interv Aging 2017 28;12:741-743. Epub 2017 Apr 28.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Clin Case Rep 2017 May 17;5(5):578-586. Epub 2017 Mar 17.

Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina.

Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease mostly associated with loss-of-function mutations of the SLC12A3 gene and featured by clinical hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and histologically hypertrophy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. A novel homozygous mutation (p.Arg399Pro) at the extracellular domain of SLC12A3 was found and correlated with the severe clinical manifestations. Read More

Transplant Proc 2017 May;49(4):799-802

Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.

Background: Low serum magnesium (MgS) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular and mineral bone disease. In renal transplant recipients (RTRs), low MgS levels have been related to higher glomerular filtration rates (GFR) and with calcineurin inhibitors, particularly tacrolimus. We aimed to evaluate MgS in renal transplant recipients with over 1 year of follow-up to establish related risk factors and the impact of the use of cyclosporine versus tacrolimus. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2017 Apr 26;18(1):140. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.

Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited salt-wasting tubulopathy associated with mutations in the SLC12A3 gene, which encodes for NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney.

Case Presentation: In this report, we describe two siblings from a Sri Lankan non-consanguineous family presenting with hypokalaemia associated with renal potassium wasting, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria and hypereninemic hyperaldosteronism with normal blood pressure. Genetic testing showed that both were homozygotes for a novel missense mutation in exon 10 of the SLC12A3 gene [NM_000339. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017 Apr 19:ajprenal.00688.2016. Epub 2017 Apr 19.

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine

Approximately 30% of all cancer patients treated with cisplatin, a widely used, broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Almost all patients receiving cisplatin have magnesium (Mg) losses, which are proposed to aggravate AKI. Currently, there are no methods to successfully treat or prevent cisplatin-AKI. Read More

Magnes Res 2017 Feb;30(1):28-34

Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Gastrointestinal complications are common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These complications are ranged from nausea and vomiting to mesenteric ischemia and liver failure. It seems that nausea, vomiting, and constipation are related to magnesium deficiency. Read More

Kidney Int 2017 May;91(5):1261-1262

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Kidney Res Clin Pract 2017 Mar 31;36(1):95-99. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

Gitelman syndrome is characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria, and hypomagnesemia. The clinical course of Gitelman syndrome in pregnant women remains unclear, but it is thought to be benign. We report here the first Korean case of atypical eclampsia in a 31-year-old who was diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome incidentally during an antenatal screening test. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2017 Jun 4;328:39-47. Epub 2017 Apr 4.

School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address:

It is well established that maternal undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies can lead to altered development and behaviour in offspring. However, few studies have explored the implications of maternal Mg deficiency and programmed behavioural and neurological outcomes in offspring. We used a model of Mg deficiency (prior to and during pregnancy and lactation) in CD1 mice to investigate if maternal Mg deficiency programmed changes in behaviour and NMDAR subunit expression in offspring. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Apr 5. Epub 2017 Apr 5.

Department of Genetics and.

Bartter syndrome type 3 is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary salt-losing tubulopathy caused by mutations of the chloride voltage-gated channel Kb gene (CLCNKB), which encodes the ClC-Kb chloride channel involved in NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubule. To study phenotype/genotype correlations, we performed genetic analyses by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and retrospectively analyzed medical charts for 115 patients with CLCNKB mutations. Functional analyses were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes for eight missense and two nonsense mutations. Read More

Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2017 Jul;26(4):250-255

aDivision of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences bCentral Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas cOffice of Education, Central Alabama Veterans Healthcare System, Montgomery, Alabama, USA.

Purpose Of Review: In the United States, the number of parathyroidectomies among patients with chronic dialysis has remained stable in the last decade. A fall in serum calcium concentration is common postparathyroidectomy in patients with hyperparathyroidism, which usually resolves in 2-4 days. A severe drop in serum total calcium concentration less than 2. Read More

Clin Lung Cancer 2017 Mar 2. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Background: The combination of necitumumab with gemcitabine-cisplatin significantly improved overall survival (OS) in patients with stage IV squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in the phase III SQUamous NSCLC treatment with the Inhibitor of EGF REceptor (SQUIRE) trial. Paclitaxel-carboplatin was selected as an alternative standard of care in the current phase II study.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomized (stratified according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and sex) 2:1 to ≤ six 3-week cycles (Q3W) of paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without necitumumab. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017 Feb;63(2):156-163

PhD Professor, Department of Nutrition, UFPI, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Introduction:: The accumulation of visceral fat in obesity is associated with excessive production of proinflammatory adipokines, which contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation state. Moreover, the literature has shown that mineral deficiency, in particular of magnesium, has important role in the pathogenesis of this metabolic disorder with relevant clinical repercussions.

Objective:: To bring updated information about the participation of hypomagnesemia in the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese individuals. Read More

Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017 Feb 23. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Department of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is implicated in various malignancies. The past decade has seen the development and widespread use of EGFR inhibitors for the successful treatment of such cancers. Available EGFR inhibitors include small molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Read More

Nefrologia 2017 Mar 18. Epub 2017 Mar 18.

Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France.

Background: Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. GS is characterized by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. Most of the reported patients of Roma ancestry are homozygous for an SLC12A3 intron 9 frameshifting mutation (c. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jun;102(6):2075-2082

Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Finland.

Context: The clinical spectrum of organogenetic anomalies associated with HNF1B mutations is heterogeneous. Besides cystic kidney disease, diabetes, and various other manifestations, odd cases of mainly neonatal and posttransplantation cholestasis have been described. The biliary phenotype is incompletely defined. Read More

J Dairy Sci 2017 May 16;100(5):3796-3804. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Electronic address:

Our study objectives were to evaluate the association of prepartum plasma Mg concentrations with subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) classification at parturition and to evaluate the association of other cow-level risk factors with SCH classification at calving or at 2 d in milk (DIM). A total of 301 animals from 2 dairy herds located in New York were enrolled in a cohort study. Blood samples were collected at approximately 1 wk before the expected calving date, within 4 h of calving, and at 2 DIM. Read More

Kidney Blood Press Res 2017 13;42(1):33-42. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey.

Background/aims: Magnesium is an essential mineral for many metabolic functions. There is very little information on the effect of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles of pre-diabetic, obese and mild-to-moderate CKD patients with hypomagnesemia. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Mar;96(11):e6352

aDepartment of Pediatrics bDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Dietary supplementation with magnesium (Mg) in addition to classical therapies for diabetes may help in prevention or delaying of diabetic complications.We aimed to evaluate the status of serum Mg in children with type 1 diabetes and assessing its relationship to glycemic control and lipid profile. Then evaluating the effect of oral Mg supplementation on glycemic control and lipid parameters. Read More

Physiol Rep 2017 Mar;5(5)

Department of Biology, The College at Brockport State University of New York, Brockport, New York.

Monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the EGF receptor (EGFR) frequently result in hypomagnesemia in human patients. In contrast, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors do not affect Mg(2+) balance in patients and only have a mild effect on Mg(2+) homeostasis in rodents at elevated doses. EGF has also been shown to affect phosphate (Pi) transport in rat and rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), but evidence from studies targeting EGFR and looking at Pi excretion in whole animals is still missing. Read More

Kardiologiia 2016 Oct;56(10):55-62

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russia.

Deficiency of magnesium and vitamin 6 is a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). A combined deficiency of magnesium and vitamin 6 disrupts the functioning myocardial tissue due to the formation of endothelial dysfunction, prothrombotic changes in blood viscosity characteristics, improve vascular tone, failure of the mitochondria. Receiving organic magnesium salts in combination with adequate doses of pyridoxine can be effective in the prevention and treatment of CHD. Read More

Clin Interv Aging 2017 24;12:437-444. Epub 2017 Feb 24.

Division of Internal Medicine.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in older men with chronic kidney disease. Magnesium is essential for metabolism of nitric oxide which helps in penile erection. There is little information available about the influence of serum magnesium on ED. Read More

J Clin Pharm Ther 2017 Jun 9;42(3):286-291. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

What Is Known And Objective: Nephrotoxicity is a recognized side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy. However, the optimal strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, if any, remains unclear. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether mannitol or furosemide provides better nephroprotection when administered with hydration prior to weekly, low-dose cisplatin concurrently with whole pelvic radiotherapy. Read More

Eur J Hum Genet 2017 May 8;25(5):545-551. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications are numerous and require a large set of highly conserved enzymes in humans and other organisms. In yeast, the loss of many modifications is tolerated under unstressed conditions; one exception is the N(6)-threonyl-carbamoyl-adenosine (t(6)A) modification, loss of which causes a severe growth phenotype. Here we aimed at a molecular diagnosis in a brother and sister from a consanguineous family who presented with global developmental delay, failure to thrive and a renal defect manifesting in proteinuria and hypomagnesemia. Read More

Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017 Feb;114(6):101

Case Rep Nephrol 2017 31;2017:4521319. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, 14445 Olive View Drive, 2B-182, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA.

While some electrolyte disturbances are immediately life-threatening and must be emergently treated, others may be delayed without immediate adverse consequences. We discuss a patient with alcoholism and diabetes mellitus type 2 who presented with volume depletion and multiple life-threatening electrolyte and metabolic derangements including severe hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration [SNa] 107 mEq/L), hypophosphatemia ("undetectable," <1.0 mg/dL), and hypokalemia (2. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2017 Mar 1. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 6500017, Japan.

Background: Hereditary hypomagnesemia is difficult to diagnose accurately because of its rarity and the variety of causative genes. We established a flowchart for identifying responsible genes for hypomagnesemia, and we confirmed its diagnostic efficacy in patients with suspected inherited hypomagnesemia.

Methods: We established a flowchart and applied it to five index cases with suspected inherited hypomagnesemia. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2017 Mar;26(2):379-382

Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.

Introduction: Re-feeding Syndrome (RS) is a deadly complication, which can be encountered during "refeeding" of malnourished patients. In these patients, thiamin deficiency may develop and "risk awareness" is the most significant factor in the management of these patients. In this case report, the treatment is presented of an elderly patient who was diagnosed with RS and followed-up in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to resistant fluidelectrolyte imbalance. Read More

Nutrition 2017 Mar 9;35:56-60. Epub 2016 Nov 9.

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium supplementation on the depression status of depressed patients suffering from magnesium deficiency.

Methods: Sixty depressed people suffering from hypomagnesemia participated in this trial. The individuals were randomly categorized into two groups of 30 members; one receiving two 250-mg tablets of magnesium oxide (MG) daily and the other receiving placebo (PG) for 8 wk. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Feb;96(8):e5850

aDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta bCross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Rationale: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a subacute syndrome causing characteristic neurologic and radiologic findings. PRES is predominantly caused by malignant hypertension though it has been associated with immunosuppressive treatments such as chemotherapy.

Patient Concerns: We describe a case of a 58 year old female who developed fluctuant level of consciousness, agitation. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2017 Jan;21(1):11-16

Department of Intensive Care, Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Context: Regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with a longer filter-life, less bleeding events and improved mortality. Problems associated with using Prismocitrate 10/2 solution in continuous renal replacement therapy, include hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia and the need for additional bicarbonate infusion.

Aims: This study uses the new Prismocitrate 18/0 solution for improved buffer balance and Phoxilium solution for a more favourable electrolyte profile. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2017 ;141:705-713

Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address:

The brain operates in an extraordinarily intricate environment which demands precise regulation of electrolytes. Tight control over their concentrations and gradients across cellular compartments is essential and when these relationships are disturbed neurologic manifestations may develop. Perturbations of sodium are the electrolyte disturbances that most often lead to neurologic manifestations. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2017 May;32(5):903

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.