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PLoS One 2019 24;14(4):e0215601. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.

During periods in which glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is insufficient to meet body requirements, hepatic gluconeogenesis plays a key role to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The current studies investigated the role in this process played by vasodilatory-associated phosphoprotein (VASP), a protein that is phosphorylated in hepatocytes by cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), a key mediator of the action of glucagon. We report that following stimulation of hepatocytes with 8Br-cAMP, phosphorylation of VASP preceded induction of genes encoding key gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6p) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1), and that VASP overexpression enhanced this gene induction. Read More

Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2019 Apr;36(2):274-280

Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P.R.China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Mathematical Techniques and Big Data Analysis on Disease Control and Prevention, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006,

Exercise is vital for diabetics to improve their blood glucose level. However, the quantitative relationship between exercise modes (including types, intensity, time, etc.) and the blood glucose is still not clear. Read More

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd, Luton, UK.

Background: Type 2 diabetes, a highly prevalent chronic disease, is associated with increasing frailty and functional decline in older people. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention on functional performance in frail and pre-frail participants aged ≥70 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The MID-Frail study was a cluster-randomized multicenter clinical trial conducted in 74 trial sites across seven European countries. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019 Jan-Feb;23(1):150-158

Department Endocrinology, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the leading type of diabetes, has a typical association with coronary heart disease. In India, patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing coronary disease as compared to people without diabetes and this suggests the requirement of intensive treatment of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Consequently, there is a need for an intervention that could target CV risk factors in multiple paths beyond hyperglycemic control alone. Read More

Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019 Mar;16(2):178-185

2 Carl T. Hayden Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Diabetes is associated with substantially increased mortality. Classic risk factors explain a portion of the excess of mortality in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine whether visit-to-visit variation in fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c values in the Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial were associated with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to other comorbidity conditions, hypoglycaemic events and adverse lifestyle behaviours. Read More

Eur J Sport Sci 2019 Apr 23:1-16. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece.

People with diabetes, particularly those being insulin treated, have been for many years considered ineligible for diving, because of the high risk of adverse events. Blood glucose levels tend to decline during diving, probably because of changes in insulin requirements and resistance, due to increased physical activity and effects of hyperbaric environment on glucose tolerance. Strict adherence to safety protocols, in conjunction with optimal physical status, lack of diabetic complications (especially impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia) and satisfactory baseline glycaemic control, seem to minimise the risk of complications during diving. Read More

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of Physiology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

The impaired ability of the autonomic nervous system to respond to hypoglycaemia is termed 'hypoglycaemia-associated autonomic failure' (HAAF). This life-threatening phenomenon results from at least two recent episodes of hypoglycaemia, but the pathology underpinning HAAF remains largely unknown. Although naloxone appears to improve hypoglycaemia counter-regulation under controlled conditions, hypoglycaemia prevention remains the current mainstay therapy for HAAF. Read More

Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase exhibits a sigmoidal dependency on substrate concentration regardless of its simple structure. Dimorph mechanism suggested the existence of two enzymatic states with different catalytic properties, which has been shown to be plausible by structural analysis. However, the dimorph mechanism gives rise to a complicated or non-explicit non-closed mathematical form. Read More

J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2019 Jun 10;16:100188. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Diabetes and Thyroid Center, Theptarin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic catastrophe which could occur in any type of diabetes. Even when fundamental key points of DKA treatment had been followed, some differences exist in treatment protocols in each physician, highlighting the need to assess adherence to DKA guideline.

Aim: This study aimed to examine trend of hospitalized DKA patients and outcomes of treatment over a decade at Theptarin Hospital, a multi-discipline based diabetes center in Thailand

Method: A retrospective study of DKA episodes admitted over a 14-year period (2005-2018) was done. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (B.P.).

Background: Maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been linked to preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. How these risks vary with glycated hemoglobin (or hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) levels is unclear.

Objective: To examine preterm birth risk according to periconceptional HbA1c levels in women with T1D. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Marion, AUSTRALIA.

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS or Hirata's Disease) is a rare cause of spontaneous hypoglycaemia. In IAS circulating autoantibodies bind endogenous insulin rendering insulin inactive. These complexes later dissociate in an unregulated manner resulting in hypoglycaemia. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2019 Apr 19;2(2):e00057. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Washington.

Objective: Although severe hypoglycaemia (SH) can lead to adverse health outcomes, little is known about its occurrence and re-occurrence among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study included 2740 participants aged <20 years at diabetes diagnosis and 5-14 years diabetes duration from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Cohort Study. Participants reported SH events in the past 6 months. Read More

Eur Stroke J 2018 Mar 16;3(1):5-21. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

1Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Autonoma University of Madrid, IdiPaz Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Hyperglycaemia is a frequent complication in acute stroke that has been shown to be independently associated with larger infarct size, haematoma growth, poor clinical outcome and mortality. This Guideline Document presents the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Guidelines for the management of blood glucose levels in patients with acute ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke.

Methods: The working group identified related questions and developed its recommendations based on evidence from randomised controlled trials following the standard operating procedure of the ESO. Read More

Pediatr Diabetes 2019 Apr 21. Epub 2019 Apr 21.

Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States.

Benefit finding, perceived positive effects of adversity, has been associated with psychological well-being in people with chronic illnesses and with better adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our qualitative research with parents of young children (< 6 years old) with T1D indicated that benefit finding is a common parental coping mechanism, but no tools exist to measure benefit finding in parents. We determined psychometric properties of the Diabetes Benefit Finding Scale for Parents (DBFS-P), a 16-item questionnaire adapted from the validated adolescent version. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS).

Objective: To compare the predictive ability of estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentiles, according to seven growth standards, to detect fetuses at risk for adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 3,437 African-American women. Population-based (Hadlock, INTERGROWTH-21st, WHO, FMF), ethnic specific (NICHD), customized (GROW) and African American customized (PRB/NICHD) growth standards were applied to the last available scan prior to delivery. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019 Apr 20:271678X19842680. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

1 Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.

Brain responses to low plasma glucose may be key to understanding the behaviors that prevent severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of long duration, hypoglycemia aware type 1 diabetes on cerebral blood flow responses to hypoglycemia. Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 15 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 15 non-diabetic controls during a two-step hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp. Read More

Diabet Med 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Glucose management for people with diabetes approaching the end of life can be very challenging. The aim is to balance a minimally invasive approach with avoidance of symptomatic hypo- and hyperglycaemia.

Case Report: We present a case of a hospitalized individual whose glucose was managed with closed-loop insulin delivery within a randomized controlled trial setting during a period of terminal illness. Read More

Eur J Clin Invest 2019 Apr 19:e13120. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Background: Disturbances in adipose tissue glucose uptake may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, yet its examination by 2-deoxy-2-[ F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([ F]FDG) PET/CT is challenged by relatively low uptake kinetics. We tested the hypothesis that performing [ F]FDG PET/CT during a hypoglycemic clamp would improve adipose tissue tracer uptake to allow specific comparison of adipose tissue glucose handling between people with or without type 2 diabetes.

Design: We enrolled participants with or without diabetes who were at least overweight, to undergo a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp or a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (n=5 per group). Read More

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019 Apr 19:1-6. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

a Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital , Chengdu , Sichuan , PR China.

Objective: Our aim was to describe the molecular alterations in the ABCC8 gene in a child with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI).

Methods: Genetic analysis of the ABCC8 gene of a newborn infant with congenial hyperinsulinism was obtained.

Results: There were two mutations in the ABCC8 gene, c. Read More

Diabet Med 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, ISAR Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany.

Aims: To investigate whether the benefits of switching to insulin degludec observed in the European retrospective chart review study EU-TREAT were dependent on the previous basal insulin used.

Methods: People with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were switched to insulin degludec from other basal insulins ≥6 months before data collection. Participants were stratified into three groups based on their previous basal insulin: insulin glargine 100 units/ml (Type 1: n=888; Type 2: n=259); insulin detemir (Type 1: n=726; Type 2: n=415); and neutral protamine Hagedorn (Type 1: n=53; Type 2: n=95). Read More

Diabetologia 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (766), Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Aims/hypothesis: Chronic hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetes affects the structure and functioning of the brain, but the impact of recurrent hypoglycaemia is unclear. Changes in the neurochemical profile have been linked to loss of neuronal function. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of type 1 diabetes and burden of hypoglycaemia on brain metabolite levels, in which we assumed the burden to be high in individuals with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and low in those with normal awareness of hypoglycaemia (NAH). Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2019 Apr;69(4):555-563

National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi, Pakistan.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT 2- i)are increasingly being used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the novel insulinindependent glycosuric action, these agents help to attain glycaemic goals by lowering HbA1c and fasting blood glucose. In addition, these agents improve metabolic control in diabetes and ameliorate comorbidities like obesity and hyper tension. Read More

IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not produce their own insulin. They must continuously monitor their glucose and make decisions about insulin dosing to avoid the consequences of adverse glucose excursions. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and insulin pumps are state-of-the-art systems that can help people with T1D manage their glucose. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Apr 18;4:CD012368. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark, 2200.

Background: The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. The combination of metformin and sulphonylurea (M+S) is a widely used treatment. Whether M+S shows better or worse effects in comparison with other antidiabetic medications for people with T2DM is still controversial. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2019 Apr;74(4):226-232

Département d'Endocrinologie clinique et expérimentale, UZ Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Belgique.

Insulin degludec (Tresiba®) is characterized by an original mode of prolonged and continuous insulin release after its subcutaneous injection. Thereby, it has a very long glucose-lowering effect, around 42 hours, and a better reproducibility from both a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic point of view. Its efficacy and safety have been assessed in the phase 3 clinical programme BEGIN as compared with insulin glargine U100, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2019 May 5;24(2):115-118. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Transitional hypoglycemia is common in at-risk newborns, frequently resulting in therapeutic interference with bonding and breastfeeding; 40% dextrose gel massaged to the buccal mucosa has been shown to decrease hypoglycemia <2.6 mmol/L and NICU admissions. However, in the absence of a newborn-specific product, over-the-counter diabetes-care products with poorly documented composition are being used for neonates. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 17;9(1):6224. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.

Glucose is a major fuel for the central nervous system and hypoglycemia is a significant homeostatic stressor, which elicits counterregulatory reactions. Hypothalamic metabolic- and stress-related neurons initiate these actions, however recruitment of glia in control such adaptive circuit remain unknown. Groups of fed- and fasted-, vehicle-injected, and fasted + insulin-injected male mice were compared in this study. Read More

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Kidney Research Institute.

Background And Objectives: Among people with diabetes mellitus, CKD may promote hypoglycemia through altered clearance of glucose-lowering medications, decreased kidney gluconeogenesis, and blunted counter-regulatory response. We conducted a prospective observational study of hypoglycemia among 105 individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin or a sulfonylurea using continuous glucose monitors.

Design, Setting, Participants & Measurements: We enrolled 81 participants with CKD, defined as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1. Read More

Med Princ Pract 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of 0.3 mg of intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: We conducted this retrospective case series study in King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Apr;25(4):306-314

Characterize the effectiveness of insulin glargine alone, exenatide alone, or combined in subjects taking stable doses of metformin and evaluate their impact on hemoglobin A1C, hypoglycemia, weight, and glucose variability. Open-label, randomized, parallel-arm study of adults with type 2 diabetes naïve to both insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist who were not at A1C goal despite treatment with metformin. This prospective interventional study employed blinded continuous glucose monitoring ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) reports over 32 weeks. Read More

Diabetes Technol Ther 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

1 Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.

The aim was to compare the accuracy of the Dexcom G4 Platinum continuous glucose monitor (CGM) sensor inserted on the upper arm and the abdomen in adults. Fourteen adults with type 1 diabetes wore two CGMs, one placed on the upper arm and one placed on the abdomen. Three in-clinic visits of 5 h with YSI (2300 STAT, Yellow Springs Instrument) measurements as comparator were performed. Read More

Diabetes Obes Metab 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Atlanta Diabetes Associates, Georgia.

Aims: This multicentre (N = 104), randomized controlled phase 4 study compared the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) with insulin glargine 100 units/mL (Gla-100) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02688933).

Materials And Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to self-perform morning Gla-300 or Gla-100 injections daily for 16 weeks. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019 28;12:423-430. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic,

Context: Neudesin has recently been identified as a novel regulator of energy expenditure in experimental animals; however, its role in humans remains unexplored.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with selected weight reducing interventions on serum neudesin levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen obese subjects with T2DM undergoing endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) implantation, 17 obese subjects (11 with T2DM, 6 without T2DM) scheduled for gastric plication (GP), 15 subjects with functional hypoglycemia subjected to 72-hour acute fasting (AF), and 12 healthy controls were included in the study. Read More

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China. Electronic address:

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) is considered as a promising anti-diabetic target based on its function of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The previously reported compound 2 is a highly potent FFA1 agonist, but it might be suffered from poor pharmacokinetic properties because the phenylpropanoic acid is vulnerable to β-oxidation. To identify orally available analogs, we tried to block the route of β-oxidation by incorporating deuterium at phenylpropionic acid moiety. Read More

Clin Ther 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a relatively rare cause of hypoglycemia characterized by endogenous hyperinsulinism and autoantibodies against endogenous insulin despite no prior exposure to exogenous insulin. We present a series of IAS cases and describe the clinical characteristics of these cases.

Methods: The medical records of inpatients with the final diagnosis of IAS were collected from August 2007 to August 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Apr 16:300060519842037. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Objective: Hypoglycaemia is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies suggest that hypoglycaemic episodes may occur with other comorbidities, influencing the outcome of recovery. Recognising the predisposing factors for hypoglycaemic episodes in the emergency department is important. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

K Müssig, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Objective: Insulinomas are rare pancreatic endocrine tumors characterized by hypoglycemia. Guidelines by the Endocrine Society (ES), the European (ENETS) and the North American (NANETS) Neuroendocrine Tumor Societies provide divergent diagnostic criteria. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of these different criteria during the 72-h fasting test. Read More

JAMA 2019 04;321(15):1530-1532

Centre for Population Health Sciences (CePHaS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018 Nov 28;18(4):e447-e454. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Novo Nordisk Pharmaceutical Company, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of hypoglycaemia among insulin-treated patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) cohort of the non-interventional International Operations-Hypoglycaemia Assessment Tool study.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study took place at 25 patient care centres in the UAE from October 2014 to May 2015. All adult patients with T1DM or T2DM who had been treated with insulin for >12 months were included. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2019 May 13;17(5):3689-3693. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China.

Correlation between the value of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the diagnosis of dwarfism and the levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was investigated. From April 2014 to June 2017, 122 children with dwarfism who were treated in The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were selected as the experimental group, and 51 normal children as the control group. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 16;9(1):6347. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. Read More

Brain Nerve 2019 Apr;71(4):409-414

Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Medicine in Growth and Aging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.

Accumulating data have established that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for dementia of both Alzheimer's and vascular types. However, the underlying mechanism of DM-induced neurodegeneration remains to be fully elucidated. Insulin resistance (IR) in the brain may be involved in DM-related cognitive impairment or dementia, and treatment of IR in the brain may lead to the prevention and/or treatment of dementia. Read More

Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

The effect of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain is a topic of primary research interest. A variety of potential dysglycaemic insults to the brain can cause cellular and structural injury and lead to altered neuropsychological outcomes. These outcomes might be subtle in terms of cognition but appear to persist into adult life. Read More

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Diabetes Center and Clinic, Hygeia General Hospital, Marousi, Athens, Greece.

Background/aim: Prevention of hypoglycemia remains a major challenge in diabetic management, despite the introduction of modern insulin pumps in daily clinical practice. The Low Glucose Suspend (LGS) and the newer Predictive Low Glucose Management (PLGM) systems incorporated in the Medtronic insulin pumps have shown promising results in prevention of hypoglycemia. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the 2 systems relative to the frequency of clinically significant hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2019 Feb;8(2):493-497

Department of Pharmacology, Kalpana Chawla Govt. Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Context: Hypoglycemia is a well-recognized adverse effect in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. For patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on stabilized treatment with the current oral antidiabetic drugs, occurrence of hypoglycemia is considerably less well studied. The current study was undertaken to understand the extent of this problem in elderly Indian patients. Read More

Balkan J Med Genet 2018 Dec 31;21(2):55-57. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Genetics, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1A) is caused by mutations in the gene. The gene was first cloned in 1993. Since then, many different mutations have been identified leading to this disease. Read More

J Diabetes 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Hypoglycemia is a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes who are treated with insulin and insulin secretagogues. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor that prevents patients from achieving the glycemia control known to reduce the microvascular complications of diabetes. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia where the first symptom of a low blood sugar is unconsciousness. Read More

Biotechnol Bioeng 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Sensitive detection of protein aggregates is important for evaluating the quality of biopharmaceuticals and detecting misfolded proteins in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is challenging to detect extremely low concentrations (<10 ppm) of aggregated protein in the presence of high concentrations of natively-folded (soluble) protein. Glucagon, a peptide hormone used in the treatment of extreme hypoglycemia, is aggregation-prone and forms amyloid fibrils. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To investigate how glucose abnormalities correlate with brain function on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in infants with neonatal encephalopathy.

Study Design: Neonates born at full term with encephalopathy were enrolled within 6 hours of birth in a prospective cohort study at a pediatric academic referral hospital. Continuous interstitial glucose monitors and aEEG were placed soon after birth and continued for 3 days. Read More

J Perinat Med 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492 Petach-Tikva, Israel.

Objectives To evaluate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed by different criteria impacts perinatal outcome. Methods This was a retrospective study of deliveries with a diagnosis of GDM (2014-2016). Perinatal outcomes were compared between patients with: (1) GDM diagnosed according to a single abnormal value on the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); (2) two or more abnormal OGTT values; and (3) a 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) value ≥200 mg/dL. Read More