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MEDICC Rev 2021 Jan 30;23(1):43-48. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Dr Abelardo Buch López Nephrology Institute (INEF), Havana,Cuba.

Introduction: Pediatric urinary lithiasis (urolithiasis) is an important health issue linked to urinary metabolic disorders. In the United States alone, annual costs associated with urolithiasis are $229 million for hospital admissions and $146 million for emergency care.

Objective: Identify urinary metabolic disorders in Cuban pediatric patients with urolithiasis and better understand the relationship of age, demographic and anthropometric variables to urinary metabolic disorders strongly associated with urolithiasis. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Dec 5. Epub 2020 Dec 5.

Albany Medical College, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction/objective: 24-h urine collections are recommended for motivated first-time stone formers. Given that children have a lifetime potential for recurrences, metabolic work-up has been recommended. 24-hour urine collections can be problematic, especially in children. Read More

Urologia 2021 Mar 14:3915603211001174. Epub 2021 Mar 14.

Department of Urology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Steinstrasse, is described as array of stone pieces in the ureter following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). It is well-recognized, transient event. Steinstrasse clears spontaneously, however about 6% require intervention. Read More

J Bras Nefrol 2021 Feb 8. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Divisão de Urologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Background And Objective: Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones (MAP), also known as struvite stones, are associated with urinary infection and impairment of renal unit. The aim of this study is to evaluate the urinary metabolic risk factors for recurrence of renal calculi in patients submitted to nephrectomy due to MAP stones.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients > 18 years old submitted to total nephrectomy due to pure MAP stones and pure calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones from July 2006 to July 2016. Read More

J Endourol 2021 Feb 11. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Indiana University School of Medicine, 12250, Urology, 1801 Senate Blvd. #220, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202;

: There are multiple stone types, each forming under different urinary conditions. We compared clinical and metabolic findings in pure stone formers to understand if there are consistent factors that differentiate these groups in terms of underlying etiology and potential for empiric treatment. : Pure SFs based on infrared spectroscopic analysis of stones obtained at our institution between 01/2002 and 07/2018 with a corresponding 24-hour urinalysis were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Urolithiasis 2021 Feb 8. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kocasinan/Kayseri, 38080, Turkey.

Urinary stone disease is a common condition. We investigated the usefulness of medical treatment for infants with urinary stones 5 mm or smaller. The study included 197 infants (86 girls and 111 boys) with urolithiasis ≤ 5 mm who were referred to our Department of Nephrology between 2014 and 2016. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Dec 30. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Introduction: There is increasing enthusiasm for the value of mini PCNL for pediatric stone clearance. In developing countries, it is important to arrange a single stage treatment as a significant proportion of patients do not comply with repeated treatments, such as SWL.

Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility and outcomes of Mini PCNL in a pediatric cohort. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2021 Jan;74(1):49-61

Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Madrid. España.

Kidney stones is a prevalent condition with a rising incidence in the last few decades. Diseasere lapse is an especially important issue, that requires further investigations in order to prevent new episodes. Adequate work up must be suited to patients´ characteristics such as age and the presence of risk factors forrecurrence. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2021 Jan;23(1):12-16

Department of Urology Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Dietary modifications and patient-tailored medical management are significant in controlling renal stone disease. Nevertheless, the literature regarding effectiveness is sparse.

Objectives: To explore the impact of dietary modifications and medical management on 24-hour urinary metabolic profiles (UMP) and renal stone status in recurrent kidney stone formers. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2021 Apr 18;53(4):679-683. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. 1st Ave., Fahey Building, 2nd Floor, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.

Introduction: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of kidney stone formation, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. There is a paucity of literature evaluating the effects of PPIs on urinary metabolites and urine pH.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of nephrolithiasis patients treated at our institution and compared patients who were taking PPIs to those who were not at the time of their 24-h urine collections. Read More

Scand J Urol 2020 Dec 13;54(6):456-462. Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA.

Background: Metabolic factors underlying the recent increase in stone prevalence over the past decades are not well understood. Herein, we evaluate temporal, geographic and gender-specific trends in metabolic risk factors in recurrent kidney stone formers.

Patients And Methods: A systematic literature review of metabolic risk factors for stone formation was conducted, inclusive of the last four decades. Read More

BMC Urol 2020 Oct 29;20(1):174. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 4678601, Japan.

Background: Patients with urolithiasis have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without stones, suggesting a potential correlation between calcium stone formation and bone resorption disorders, including osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Methods: To investigate the influence of BMD on clinical outcomes in urolithiasis, we performed a single-center retrospective cohort study to analyze patients with urolithiasis who underwent both BMD examination and 24-h urine collection between 2006 and 2015. Data from the national cross-sectional surveillance of the Japanese Society on Urolithiasis Research in 2015 were utilized, and additional data related to urinary tract stones were obtained from medical records. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Oct 12;12(10). Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Bonn Education Association for Dietetics r. A., 50935 Cologne, Germany.

Patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and urolithiasis are particularly at risk of acquiring fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vitamin status and metabolic profile before and after the supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K (ADEK) in 51 patients with fat malabsorption due to different intestinal diseases both with and without urolithiasis. Anthropometric, clinical, blood and 24-h urinary parameters and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and after ADEK supplementation for two weeks. Read More

Front Pediatr 2020 11;8:591. Epub 2020 Sep 11.

Inherited Metabolic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

A retrospective chart review of 32 GSD- I patients, followed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, between 2007 and 2018 was conducted. Diagnosis was confirmed by enzymatic and/or genetic studies. Clinical presentation, growth, and kidney outcome were assessed. Read More

Clin Sci (Lond) 2020 10;134(19):2565-2580

School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan.

Short bowel (SB) increases the risk of kidney stones. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we examined how SB affected renal oxalate and citrate handlings for in vivo hyperoxaluric rats and in vitro tubular cells. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2021 Mar 26;36(3):661-667. Epub 2020 Sep 26.

Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.

Background: Several recent studies reported bone mineral density (BMD) reduction in pediatric patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate BMD evolution in IH patients through three bone densitometry studies conducted over 20 years on average. A second objective was to evaluate urine calcium and citrate excretion during this period. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Sep 16. Epub 2020 Sep 16.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Urolithiasis Treatment Center of National Health Commission of China, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of inherited causes in an early onset urolithiasis cohort and each metabolic subgroup.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of both metabolic and genomic data was performed for the first 105 pediatric urolithiasis patients who underwent exome sequencing at our hospital from February 2016 to October 2018. Measurements included the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in the entire cohort and each metabolic subgroup (hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and cystine stone subgroups). Read More

Urologiia 2020 Sep(4):55-59

N.A. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

Introduction: Dietary supplements are successfully used in many fields of medicine, including urology. In particular, urologists often prescribe dietary supplements for patients with urolithiasis.

Aim: to study an influence of dietary supplements Nefradoz on the metabolism of the main stone-forming substances and inhibitors of stone formation in patients with urolithiasis. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020 10 24;39:173-179. Epub 2020 Jul 24.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objective: The relation of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet to urinary lithogenic factors is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the DASH diet and urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation.

Methods: A total of 264 men apparently with nephrolithiasis, aged 18-89 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2020 Aug 8;13(1):373. Epub 2020 Aug 8.

Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Iran.

Objective: Inflammation plays a leading role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. The association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with urinary lithogenic factors is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of DII to urinary risk factors of kidney stones formation. Read More

IJU Case Rep 2020 Mar 13;3(2):49-52. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Department of Pediatrics Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital Kasuga Fukuoka Japan.

Introduction: Urolithiasis in children is often due to metabolic abnormalities (e.g. hypocitraturia) and hence recurs frequently. Read More

Scand J Urol 2020 Jul 27:1-5. Epub 2020 Jul 27.

Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

Objective: To evaluate metabolic risk factors in calcium kidney stone formers from two different decades, comparing changes in metabolic profiles over time.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of calcium kidney stone formers who underwent metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis with 24-hour urine collections at a single institution. There were 309 patients evaluated from 1988 to 1994 (Group A), and 229 patients from 2007 to 2010 (Group B). Read More

Iran J Kidney Dis 2020 07;14(4):278-281

Pediatric Nephrology Research Center(Ped NRC), Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: A few data on the prevalence of renal involvement in cystic fibrosis and its spectrum in childhood is available. In the present study, we conducted a prospective study on children who had cystic fibrosis and evaluated their renal involvement. In fact, the aim of the study was to provide data on the clinical consequences of proper identification of kidney disease in a group of children with cystic fibrosis. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020 Jul;100(26):2036-2039

Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

To establish the metabolic evaluation database of urolithiasis, perform metabolic evaluation, and provide instructions for treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. This metabolic evaluation database was developed by JAVA and was established by Oracle11g database and Browser/Server framework. We extracted the clinical data of all patients who had complete information, and analyzed their risk factors of stone formation, stone-related medical history, blood and urine tests results and 24-hour urine analysis. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2020 11 20;35(11):2107-2112. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas (IDIM), Libertad 836, 1er piso (1012), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Background: The prevalence of kidney stones in children has significantly increased in the past few decades, with concomitant increased morbidity and healthcare costs worldwide. Assessing metabolic risk factors is essential for diagnosis and specific treatment. The objective of this retrospective study is to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children under 17 years of age, as well as the metabolic risk factors of nephrolithiasis. Read More

Urology 2020 Sep 5;143:221-226. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.

Objective: To screen for the presence of biomarkers involved in tubular injury and kidney damage in children with urolithiasis (RS), and to validate these proteins by ELISA.

Methods: Prospective-controlled pilot study of children with urolithiasis and their age- and gender-matched controls (HC). Initial screening test was done by quantitative proteomic comparison of pooled urine from RS versus HC, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Read More

Nutrients 2020 May 16;12(5). Epub 2020 May 16.

Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most common and efficient surgical procedures for sustained weight loss but is associated with long-term complications such as nutritional deficiencies, biliary lithiasis, disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism and an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, attributed to urinary metabolic changes resultant from low urinary volume, hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria. The underlying mechanisms responsible for hyperoxaluria, the most common among all metabolic disturbances, may comprise increased intestinal oxalate absorption consequent to decreased calcium intake or increased dietary oxalate, changes in the gut microbiota, fat malabsorption and altered intestinal oxalate transport. In the current review, the authors present a mechanistic overview of changes found after BS and propose dietary recommendations to prevent the risk of urinary stone formation, focusing on the role of dietary oxalate, calcium, citrate, potassium, protein, fat, sodium, probiotics, vitamins D, C, B6 and the consumption of fluids. Read More

J Endourol 2020 10 4;34(10):1082-1087. Epub 2020 Aug 4.

From Indiana University Department of Urology and Litholink Corporation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

The pursuit of a dietary source to increase urine pH and citrate in stone formers has been ongoing for >30 years. Early evidence showed that orange juice (OJ) contains alkali and citrate, but high sugar and ascorbic acid content limited the use of OJ as a viable daily source of alkali. Recently, novel low-calorie OJs have emerged and could potentially be a better option. Read More

BMC Urol 2020 Apr 25;20(1):46. Epub 2020 Apr 25.

Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Ctra. Valldemossa, 79, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Background: Our purpose was to study the relationship of the 3 different types of endoscopic calcifications of the renal papilla (Randall's plaque, intratubular calcification, papillary crater) with the type of stone and urine analysis.

Methods: This prospective study examined 41 patients (age range: 18 to 80 years) who received retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal lithiasis (mean stone size: 15.3 ± 7. Read More