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Nutrients 2020 May 16;12(5). Epub 2020 May 16.

Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most common and efficient surgical procedures for sustained weight loss but is associated with long-term complications such as nutritional deficiencies, biliary lithiasis, disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism and an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, attributed to urinary metabolic changes resultant from low urinary volume, hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria. The underlying mechanisms responsible for hyperoxaluria, the most common among all metabolic disturbances, may comprise increased intestinal oxalate absorption consequent to decreased calcium intake or increased dietary oxalate, changes in the gut microbiota, fat malabsorption and altered intestinal oxalate transport. In the current review, the authors present a mechanistic overview of changes found after BS and propose dietary recommendations to prevent the risk of urinary stone formation, focusing on the role of dietary oxalate, calcium, citrate, potassium, protein, fat, sodium, probiotics, vitamins D, C, B6 and the consumption of fluids. Read More

BMC Urol 2020 Apr 25;20(1):46. Epub 2020 Apr 25.

Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Ctra. Valldemossa, 79, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Background: Our purpose was to study the relationship of the 3 different types of endoscopic calcifications of the renal papilla (Randall's plaque, intratubular calcification, papillary crater) with the type of stone and urine analysis.

Methods: This prospective study examined 41 patients (age range: 18 to 80 years) who received retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal lithiasis (mean stone size: 15.3 ± 7. Read More

Urology 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Objectives: To determine if alternative alkalinizing agents lead to similar changes in 24-hour urine pH and citrate compared to potassium citrate (KCIT). Many stone formers cannot tolerate KCIT due to side effects or cost. In these patients, we have prescribed potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate as alternative alkali (AA), though their efficacy is unclear. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Feb 22. Epub 2020 Feb 22.

Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Introduction: The analysis of 24-h urine is the gold standard to diagnose metabolic abnormalities in the stone-forming patient. However, urinary composition changes throughout the day and analyzing the whole 24-h urine may mask peaks of increased risk of crystallization.

Objective: To examine variations of stone-promoting and stone-inhibiting factors in urine using split 24-h samples from healthy and stone-forming children. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2020 Mar 25. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Aim: To describe incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (iDRTA) in paediatric patients, a term used for the diagnosis of patients who do not develop spontaneous overt metabolic acidosis but are unable to acidify the urine in response to an ammonium chloride load.

Methods: Tests used to explore urinary acidification were revised. In addition, publications in English extracted from 161 entries yielded by a PubMed database search, using 'incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis' as keyword, were reviewed. Read More

Nephrol Ther 2020 Feb 29;16(1):65-75. Epub 2020 Feb 29.

Service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris, France.

Renal lithiasis is a frequent pathology (prevalence ranging from 10 to 12% in France) and a recurrent condition. It is associated with chronic kidney disease and is responsible for 2 to 3% of cases of end-stage renal disease, especially if it is associated with nephrocalcinosis and/or is part of a monogenic disease (1.6% of lithiasis in adults, including 1% of cystinuria). Read More

Curr Opin Pediatr 2020 Apr;32(2):265-272

Pediatric Heart Center, Gottsegen György Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary.

Purpose Of Review: As the incidence of nephrolithiasis in children doubles every 10 years it is becoming a common disease associated with significant morbidity along with considerable economic burden worldwide. The aim of this review is to summarize current data on the epidemiology and causes of renal stones in children and to provide a frame for the first clinical evaluation of a child with suspected nephrolithiasis.

Recent Findings: Dietary and environmental factors are the driving force of changing epidemiology. Read More

Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020 Mar;29(2):237-242

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney stones are major public health problems, which are closely interrelated. Recurrent kidney stones predispose to CKD although CKD seems to decrease risk of further kidney stone formation. Herein, we review new information of this interrelationship. Read More

Adv Urol 2019 17;2019:3679493. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Cleveland Clinic, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Introduction: Both elevated testosterone and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been speculated as possible risk factors for kidney stone formation; however, the details of this potential relationship with regards to 24-hour urine metabolic panels and stone composition have not previously been characterized.

Methods: A total of 74 PCOS patients were retrospectively identified and matched with a cohort of female stone formers at a 3 : 1 ratio (by age and BMI). All patients had 24-hour urinary metabolic panels and stone compositions. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020 Jan 12;21(1):85-96. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

: Urolithiasis is a common, highly recurrent disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. There are many dietary and pharmacological measures to prevent kidney stones.: Herein, the authors explore medical expulsive therapy as well as pharmacological therapies to prevent/treat urolithiasis. Read More

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019 12 11;14(12):1773-1780. Epub 2019 Nov 11.

Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and.

Background And Objectives: Current guidelines recommend 24-hour urine testing in the evaluation and treatment of persons with high-risk urinary stone disease. However, how much clinicians use information from 24-hour urine testing to guide secondary prevention strategies is unknown. We sought to determine the degree to which clinicians initiate or continue stone disease-related medications in response to 24-hour urine testing. Read More

Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2019 26;12:213-218. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) disease is a rare congenital malformation of the distal nephron where cystic dilatation is appreciable in the collecting ducts and renal papillae. Most cases of the malformation are thought to arise from a malfunction within neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase interactions. Presentation and prognosis are usually indolent; however, they include urinary tract infections (UTI), nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and hypocitraturia. Read More

J Endourol 2020 Jan 25;34(1):1-6. Epub 2019 Sep 25.

Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles.

Kidney stones affect 1 in every 11 people in the United States each year. There is a significant high recurrence rate without a stone prevention protocol. Alkali citrate is beneficial in decreasing stone recurrence, but because of the cost and gastrointestinal side effects there is a low adherence rate. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2019 Jul 2;91(2). Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Ospedale Ca' Foncello, Treviso.

Objectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of medical therapy with potassium citrate in preventing calculosis complicating Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) without renal acidification defects.

Materials And Methods: In a open, uncontrolled, retrospective analysis, 49 MSK patients with nephrolithiasis without renal tubular acidosis, underwent a complete metabolic evaluation and received potassium citrate therapy 4-6 g/day. The course of stone disease before and after citrate therapy was determined in each patient from a combination of clinical history, past records, radiographs and kidney ultrasound. Read More

J Endourol 2019 09 31;33(9):755-760. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the predominate component within renal calculi and can be divided into two subtypes: CaOx-monohydrate (COM) and CaOx-dihydrate (COD). COM and COD form in differing urinary environments, which suggest differential underlying metabolic abnormalities associated with each subtype. We compared clinical and metabolic findings in CaOx stone formers to delineate factors differentiating COD and COM stone formers and the implication this holds in terms of etiology and treatment. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Mar 11;38(3):789-794. Epub 2019 May 11.

Urology Department, Son Espases Univeristy Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Introduction And Purpose: Distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) is a metabolic disorder that associates urolithiasis and urinary pH > 6. The prevalence of DRTA in patients with calcium phosphate stones is not well known. The objective is to determine the prevalence of DRTA in patients with calcium phosphate stones and urinary pH above 6 based on the furosemide test. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 May 25;3(5):1053-1061. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Osteometabolic Disorders Unit, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Context: Nephrocalcinosis (NC) and nephrolithiasis (NL) are described in hypophosphatemic rickets, but data regarding their prevalence rates and the presence of metabolic risk factors in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) are scarce.

Objective: To determine the prevalence rates of NC and NL and their risk factors in patients with XLH with confirmed mutations.

Methods: Renal ultrasonography (US) and CT were performed in 16 children and 23 adults. Read More

J Endourol 2019 06 25;33(6):469-474. Epub 2019 Apr 25.

Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

To reduce the high recurrence rate of nephrolithiasis, patients are routinely prescribed secondary chemoprevention therapy with alkali citrate (Alkasolve; Sam-On Ltd) for uric acid stones and hypocitraturia or hydrochlorthiazide (Disothiazide; Dexcel Ltd) for hypercalciuria. However, data on adherence to these regimens are limited. The aim of this study was to assess rates of long-term adherence to alkali citrate and hydrochlorothiazide and reasons for nonadherence. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(7):e14529

Department of Pediatric Nephrology.

Rationale: Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by cystic dilatation of the medullary collecting tubules. The disorder is likely to be complicated by nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, tubular dysfunctions, and urinary tract infections. In addition, it may be rarely associated with extrarenal anomalies. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Oct(4):19-23

Clinic of Urology and Nephrology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Drugs for preventing stone formation can be selected based on the average regional indicators, which have features depending on the region of the world.

Aim: To investigate the features of urinary factors for lithogenesis (UFL) of calcium urolithiasis in Tashkent and evaluate the variants of their pharmacological correction.

Materials And Methods: The study analyzed data from 779 patients with calcium urolithiasis. Read More

J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Pediatria, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, Unidades de Nefrologia Pediátrica e de Terapia Intensiva, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Received 31 August 2018; accepted 31 October 2018. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe the dietary patterns and occurrence of metabolic disorders in children and adolescents with urolithiasis treatment at a referral hospital in southern Brazil in order to learn the features of urolithiasis in this population to better develop preventive actions.

Methods: Descriptive study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in a tertiary care referral hospital. Fourty patients aged 2-19 years old with urolithiasis proven by imaging were included. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2019 May-Jun;45(3):572-580

Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Purpose: To better characterize metabolic stone risk in patients with neurologically derived musculoskeletal deficiencies (NDMD) by determining how patient characteristics relate to renal calculus composition and 24-hour urine parameters.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with neurologically derived musculoskeletal deficiencies presenting to our multidisciplinary Kidney Stone Clinic. Patients with a diagnosis of NDMD, at least one 24-hour urine collection, and one chemical stone analysis were included in the analysis. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2020 03 4;35(3):383-397. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.

Background: The incidence of nephrolithiasis in children and adolescents is increasing and appears to double every 10 years. The most important role of the pediatric nephrologist is to diagnose and modify various metabolic and non-metabolic risk factors, as well as prevent long-term complications especially in the case of recurrent nephrolithiasis.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the etiology and management of pediatric nephrolithiasis. Read More

Pediatric Health Med Ther 2018 12;9:181-190. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata City 950-1197, Japan,

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by impaired distal acidification due to a failure of type A intercalated cells (A-ICs) in the collecting tubule. dRTA is characterized by persistent hyperchloremia, a normal plasma anion gap, and the inability to maximally lower urinary pH in the presence of systemic metabolic acidosis. Common clinical features of dRTA include vomiting, failure to thrive, polyuria, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, growth delay, and rickets. Read More

Acta Biomed 2018 12 17;89(9-S):76-80. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Pediatric Emergency Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Maternal and Infant Department, Parma, Italy.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Historical studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of symptomatic nephrolithiasis is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared to general population. The aim of the review was to analyze literature data in order to identify the main risk conditions described in literature and the proposed treatment.

Methods: A research on the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar was performed by using the keywords "renal calculi/lithiasis/stones" and "inflammatory bowel diseases". Read More

Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019 03;28(2):130-139

Department of Internal Medicine, and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Calcium phosphate (CaP) stones represent an increasingly encountered form of recurrent nephrolithiasis, but current prophylactic medical regimens are suboptimal. Although hypocitraturia is a well-described risk factor for CaP stones, strategies that enhance citrate excretion have not consistently been effective at reducing CaP saturation and stone recurrence. This review summarizes the role of citrate therapy in CaP nephrolithiasis. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2019 Apr 10;15(2):165.e1-165.e4. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Hematuria, either macroscopic or microscopic, is an incidental finding of multiple nephrologic or urologic disorders. Disturbances of urine inhibitors or promotors have been suggested as the potential causes of isolated idiopathic hematuria in children and its recurrence. Meanwhile, appropriate treatment of these risk factors might improve secondary asymptomatic or macroscopic hematuria. Read More

Rev Paul Pediatr 2018 Jul-Sep;36(3):261-267

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil.

Objective: To describe the frequency, clinical profile and treatment of patients with urolithiasis in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of a public state hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: Retrospective study. Data from pediatric patients (age: 1 month - 18 years) with urolithiasis admitted between January/2012 and December/2014 were reviewed from hospital charts. Read More

J Urol 2018 11 7;200(5):939-940. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Nov 12;50(11):1949-1954. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.

Purpose: To study (1) the differences in the relative abundance of urinary proteins between children with kidney stones (RS) and hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, normal metabolic work-up, and healthy controls (HC); (2) the association of these proteins with various diseases.

Methods: Quantitative proteomic comparison of pooled urine from RS (N = 30, 24 females, mean age 12.95 ± 4. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 08 7;14(4):331.e1-331.e6. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Department of Urology, 535 Barnhill Dr. Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Introduction: American Urological Association guidelines recommend a urinary metabolic evaluation after the first stone event in all pediatric stone patients. Prior studies identified hypercalciuria and urine hypovolemia as the most common abnormalities in children with urolithiasis. Recent data suggest that hypocitraturia is most prevalent. Read More

Genes Genomics 2018 09 17;40(9):965-972. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Hypocitraturia is a profound risk for kidney stone formation and recurrence. Sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter-1 (NaDC-1) is a main transporter responsible for citrate reabsorption in renal proximal tubules. To investigate an association of sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter-1 (NaDC-1) polymorphism with hypocitraturia in Thai patients with nephrolithiasis (NL). Read More

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018 07;25(4):366-374

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and the Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, and the Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is comprised of a diverse group of congenital or acquired diseases with the common denominator of defective renal acid excretion with protean manifestation, but in adults, recurrent kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis are mainly found in presentation. Calcium phosphate (CaP) stones and nephrocalcinosis are frequently encountered in distal hypokalemic RTA type I. Alkaline urinary pH, hypocitraturia, and, less frequently, hypercalciuria are the tripartite lithogenic factors in distal RTA (dRTA) predisposing to CaP stone formation; the latter 2 are also commonly encountered in other causes of urolithiasis. Read More

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018 07;25(4):303-320

Pathophysiology Division, Pathology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Electronic address:

Distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA) is defined as hyperchloremic, non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with impaired urinary acid excretion in the presence of a normal or moderately reduced glomerular filtration rate. Failure in urinary acid excretion results from reduced H secretion by intercalated cells in the distal nephron. This results in decreased excretion of NH and other acids collectively referred as titratable acids while urine pH is typically above 5. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018 1;11(7):3523-3532. Epub 2018 Jul 1.

Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis due to uric acid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genetic diagnosis of Chinese children with dRTA by whole-exome sequencing. From Jan. Read More

J Endourol 2018 09 3;32(9):878-883. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

3 Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute , Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Introduction And Objectives: Studies have demonstrated associations between nephrolithiasis and systemic conditions, including low bone mineral density (BMD), which may correlate with hypercalciuria in kidney stone formers (KSFs). Traditionally, low BMD is diagnosed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. As a noncontrast CT (NCCT) scan is typically part of a stone evaluation, our objective was to evaluate the association of NCCT-based vertebral BMD with 24-hour urine parameters in KSF. Read More

Urolithiasis 2019 Jun 20;47(3):235-242. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, China.

Idiopathic hypocitraturia (IH) is a risk factor for urolithiasis. IH is associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Chinese Han population. However, this association between VDR SNPs and IH has not been recapitulated in a Chinese Bai population. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 08 7;14(4):330.e1-330.e8. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: The prevalence of pediatric nephrolithiasis has increased significantly in the past 20 years. Metabolic abnormalities predisposing adults to nephrolithiasis in obese patients include increased urinary sodium and uric acid excretion as well as low urine pH; however, limited data are available in the pediatric population.

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether obese pediatric patients presenting with nephrolithiasis have a unique metabolic profile similar to reported findings in obese adults with nephrolithiasis. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2018 10 22;33(10):1741-1747. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Skeletal Distorders and Mineral Homeostasis, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Subcutaneous human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) therapy can effectively manage hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroidism, with varying effects on hypercalciuria. However, little is known about its ability to decrease the renal comorbidities of hypoparathyroidism: nephrocalcinosis (NC), nephrolithiasis (NL), and renal insufficiency. Urinary citrate (Ucit) promotes the solubility of urinary calcium (UCa); hypocitraturia is a risk factor for NC/NL. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2018 Apr 16;19(6):41. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 3258 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Urinary risk factors, such as hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and hyperoxaluria, either in combination or alone, are associated with calcium stones. Dietary habits as well as underlying medical conditions can influence urinary risk factors. Evaluation of the conglomerate of patients' stone risks provides evidence for individualized medical management, an effective and patient-supported approach to prevention. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2018 07 28;33(7):1173-1181. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.

Background: Evidence has indicated that immediate family members of nephrolithiasis patients had high opportunity to develop stones. However, they are usually not regarded to be at risk, since it is unclear if there are any lithogenic abnormalities found in non-stone-forming nephrolithiasis relatives. Our aim was to investigate urinary metabolic abnormalities in the children of nephrolithiasis patients, compared with the general population. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Dec 23;33(6):897-901. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) can lead to many complications related to the condition and its therapy. We describe 2 children with SBS who we believe are the second and third patients documented to have experienced both D-lactic acidosis and urolithiasis. We review aspects of these SBS complications and recent findings on the microbiome of patients with SBS that may predispose to these complications. Read More

Iran J Kidney Dis 2018 01;12(1):22-26

Department of Nephrology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases. After the first episode of urinary calculus, the risk of recurrence is nearly 40% to 50% at 5 years. Nephrolithiasis is a systemic disease that is associated with some metabolic disorders. Read More

Urol Ann 2018 Jan-Mar;10(1):94-99

Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in children with urolithiasis.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study; all children below 15 years who are found to have urolithiasis were prospectively evaluated with relevant history, clinical examination, and urine and serum testing. Metabolic workup includes complete urine examination, urine culture and sensitivity, and 24-h urinary analysis (lithorisk profile). Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2018 Jul-Aug;44(4):680-687

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide challenging health problem. Weight loss through medical management of obesity has not always been successful, thus, giving rise to the need for surgical intervention. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be helpful for morbidly obese patients. Read More

J Nephrol 2018 04 24;31(2):189-196. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA.

Hyperuricosuric calcium urolithiasis is a condition of mixed calcium oxalate stones characterized by hyperuricosuria either in isolation or in conjunction with other risk factors for calcium oxalate stones such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia. There are three proposed physicochemical models of pathogenesis where urate in its crystalline phase via heterogeneous nucleation, in its colloidal phase via removal of crystallization inhibitors, and in solution via precipitation crystallization, can all increase propensity to calcium oxalate precipitation. Regardless of the model, the phenomenologic observation of urate increasing calcium oxalate precipitation appears solid. Read More

J Urol 2018 02 8;199(2):336. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Urol J 2018 05 3;15(3):87-91. Epub 2018 May 3.

Ivanovo State Medical Academy, 153012 Ivanovo, Russian Federation.

Purpose: The paper focuses on the relationship of risk factors and metabolic disorders with mineralogical composition of calculi, age and gender of calcium oxalate stone formers.

Materials And Methods: Stone mineralogical composition, 24 hour biochemistry and pH-profile of urine were examined for sixty four stone formers using powder X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques.

Results: The analysis indicated that 44 % of calculi were composed of pure calcium oxalate monohydrate, whereas other 56 % contained both monohydrate and dihydrate or usually their mixtures with hydroxyl apatite. Read More

Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2017 Oct-Dec;15(4):452-456. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Centro Universitário Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic disorders associated with nephrolithiasis in a female population.

Methods: A retrospective study on 1,737 patients with evidence of recent formation of renal stones, being 54% females. The laboratory investigation consisted of at least two samples of blood and 24-hour urine to assess calcium, uric acid, citrate and creatinine levels, qualitative cystinuria, urinary pH following fasting and 12-hour water restriction, urine culture, serum creatinine and parathyroid hormone. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2017 Dec 4;18(1):353. Epub 2017 Dec 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, 6500017, Japan.

Background: Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in the ATP6V0A4 gene or ATP6V1B1 gene, and characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia and nephrocalcinosis. Although several intronic nucleotide variants in these genes have been detected, all of them fell in the apparent splice consensus sequence. In general, transcriptional analysis is necessary to determine the effect on function of the novel intronic variants located out of splicing consensus sequences. Read More