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J Intensive Care Med 2018 Dec 4:885066618813073. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

4 Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroendovascular Surgery and Neurocritical Care, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

Objectives: Standard management strategies for lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury has been well-studied, but the use of lesser known interventions for ICP in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains elusive. Searches were performed in PubMed and EBSCO Host to identify best available evidence for evaluation and management of medically refractory ICP in SAH. The role of standard management strategies such as head elevation, hyperventilation, mannitol and hypertonic saline as well as lesser known management such as sodium bicarbonate, indomethacin, tromethamine, decompressive craniectomy, decompressive laparotomy, hypothermia, and barbiturate coma are reviewed. Read More

Transfusion 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Background: Whether produced by breathing too fast or too deeply, hyperventilation is common in stressful situations and may contribute to blood donation-related vasovagal symptoms. The effects of some previously tested interventions for vasovagal symptoms, for example, applied tension (AT), may be related to reduction of hyperventilation. More targeted breathing techniques might be useful. Read More

Cardiovasc Pathol 2018 Oct 26;38:42-45. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

"Lino Rossi" Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Introduction: In 2015, a multinational randomized controlled phase IV clinical trial of adaptive servoventilation for the management of heart failure with central sleep apnea was halted in progress because more patients in the study group were dying than in the control group. One year later, another large clinical trial reported results on the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preventing sudden death and other cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke in patients with preexisting vascular disease as well as obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Sudden unexpected death has been associated with many types of small and nonmalignant medullary brain lesions, like demyelination plaques - largely asymptomatic until they caused sudden death. Read More

Exp Physiol 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Increased respiratory muscle activation is associated with neural and cardiovascular consequences via the respiratory muscle metaboreflex. Does increased sympathetic vasoconstriction originating from the respiratory musculature elicit a reduction in blood flow to an inactive limb in order to maintain blood flow to an active limb? What is the main finding and its importance? Arm blood flow was reduced while leg blood flow was preserved during mild leg exercise with inspiratory resistance. Blood flow to the active limb is maintained via sympathetic control of blood flow redistribution when the respiratory muscle-induced metaboreflex is activated. Read More

Neuroscience 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Biology, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States. Electronic address:

People with Rett Syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, have breathing abnormalities manifested as periodical hypoventilation with compensatory hyperventilation, which are attributable to a high incidence of sudden death. Similar breathing abnormalities have been found in animal models with Mecp2 disruptions. Although RTT-type hypoventilation is believed to be due to depressed central inspiratory activity, whether this is true remains unknown. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 5;9:1558. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.

The present study aimed to evaluate the partial pressure of arterial blood gases in breath-hold divers performing a submersion at 40 m. Eight breath-hold divers were enrolled for the trials held at "Y-40 THE DEEP JOY" pool (Montegrotto Terme, Padova, Italy). Prior to submersion, an arterial cannula in the radial artery of the non-dominant limb was positioned. Read More

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Anesthesiology/CCM, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.

Background: Isocapnic hyperventilation (ICHV) may hasten emergence from general anesthesia but remains inadequately studied. We prospectively determined emergence time after sevoflurane anesthesia of variable duration with and without ICHV.

Methods: In 25 ASA I-II patients, general anesthesia was maintained with one age-adjusted MAC sevoflurane in O /air and target-controlled remifentanil delivery. Read More

J Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A.

Purpose: Generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) is a diffuse, paroxysmal, frontal predominant activity described in patients with generalized epilepsies. Studies specifically focusing on electroclinical features of typical absence seizures in children have not reported any GPFA-like features. We sought to identify GPFA in children with typical absence seizures, study its incidence, characteristic electroclinical features, and effect on their epilepsy. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Intensive Care Unit, Sainte Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France.

Background: Hypocapnia induces cerebral vasoconstriction leading to a decrease in cerebral blood flow, which might precipitate cerebral ischemia. Hypocapnia can be intentional to treat intracranial hypertension or unintentional due to a spontaneous hyperventilation (SHV). SHV is frequent after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan.

Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation at rest and during exercise. We previously reported that carotid chemoreceptors partly contribute to the hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation at rest. However, given that a hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation markedly differs between rest and exercise, the results obtained at rest may not be representative of the response in exercise. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Nov 27;58(11):673-676. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital.

We report the case of a 43-year-old female patient who presented with symptoms of abnormal behavior, hearing loss, ataxic gait, central hyperventilation which had appeared over the course of one month. Brain MRI showed no abnormal findings in DWI and EEG did not indicate periodic synchronous discharge (PSD). Over the course of the same month, she also presented with central apnea that intermittently showed spontaneous improvement and reappearance. Read More

Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2018 Nov;89(11):996-1001

Performing at high altitude and scuba diving impose functional limitations to the respiratory system and impair exercise performance compared to normobaria. At altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen is reduced, which decreases arterial oxygen saturation and exercise performance. Falling arterial oxygen saturation results in hyperventilation and increased pulmonary ventilation. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Dec 16;58:83-88. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Neuroscience/Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address:

The aim was to review the neurointensive care (NIC) of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients with haemorrhage during a 15-year period. This is a severe condition with substantial mortality caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and studies are lacking describing the complex picture of the NIC, which offers a large treatment arsenal for intracranial hypertension. Patients treated 2000-2015 were investigated. Read More

PLoS One 2018 11;13(10):e0205634. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Symptomatic hyperventilation (SH) is a pathological condition that manifests with breathlessness, dyspnea, light-headedness, anxiety, and paresthesia. However, little is known about the prevalence of SH and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a young population. The Nijmegen questionnaire (NQ), which measures severity of SH, had not previously been cross-culturally translated into Korean. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 19;9:1282. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH) evokes ventilatory acclimatization characterized by a progressive hyperventilation due to a potentiation of the carotid body (CB) chemosensory response to hypoxia. The transduction of the hypoxic stimulus in the CB begins with the inhibition of K+ currents in the chemosensory (type-I) cells, which in turn leads to membrane depolarization, Ca entry and the subsequent release of one- or more-excitatory neurotransmitters. Several studies have shown that CSH modifies both the level of transmitters and chemoreceptor cell metabolism within the CB. Read More

Auton Neurosci 2018 Sep 15. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Introduction: The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is still controversial. The ACC has been implicated in such diverse functions as cognition, arousal and emotion in addition to motor and autonomic control. Therefore the ACC is the ideal candidate to orchestrate cardiovascular performance in anticipation of perceived skeletal activity. Read More

PLoS One 2018 25;13(9):e0203347. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Vasomotor response is related to the capacity of the vessel to maintain vascular tone within a narrow range. Two main control mechanisms are involved: the autonomic control of the sympathetic neural drive (global control) and the endothelial smooth cells capacity to respond to mechanical stress by releasing vasoactive factors (peripheral control). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on vasomotor response, assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and heart rate variability, in young healthy females. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018 ;118(8):66-71

Peoples Frendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To study neurophysiological characteristics of persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) in comparison to trigeminal neuralgia.

Material And Methods: Forty-five patients with PIFP at the age from 25 to 74 years (42 women and 3 men), 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia at the age from 25 to 84 (15 women and 10 men) and 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Multimodal evoked potentials (EP): brainstem auditory (BAEPs), trigeminal (TEPs) and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) evoked potentials were recorded. Read More

Prenat Diagn 2018 Sep 20. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.

Partial amniotic carbon dioxide insufflation (PACI) involves insufflating the amniotic sac with carbon dioxide (CO ) and, in some cases, draining some of the amniotic fluid. The creation of a gaseous intra-amniotic compartment improves visualization, even in the presence of limited bleeding, and creates the work space required for complex fetoscopic procedures. Clinically, PACI is mostly used to perform fetoscopic myelomeningocele (MMC) repair, enabling a minimally invasive alternative to open fetal surgery. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018 Sep 11:271678X18798762. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

1 Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Phase-contrast mapping (PCM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides easy-access non-invasive quantification of global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) but its accuracy in altered perfusion states is not established. We aimed to compare paired PCM MRI and O-HO positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of gCBF in different perfusion states in a single scanning session. Duplicate combined gCBF PCM-MRI and O-HO PET measurements were performed in the resting condition, during hyperventilation and after acetazolamide administration (post-ACZ) using a 3T hybrid PET/MR system. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 Sep 6. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, United States.

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation remains unclear. Previous studies have primarily measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity to assess CBF. Recently, there has been a transition towards measuring internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) blood flow using duplex Doppler ultrasound. Read More

Acta Histochem 2018 Oct 30;120(7):623-629. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada. Electronic address:

Respiratory chemoreceptors in vertebrates are specialized cells that detect chemical changes in the environment or arterial blood supply and initiate autonomic responses, such as hyperventilation or changes in heart rate, to improve O uptake and delivery to tissues. These chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in O, CO and/or H. In fish and mammals, respiratory chemoreceptors may be additionally sensitive to ammonia, hypoglycemia, and numerous other stimuli. Read More

Health Technol Assess 2018 08;22(45):1-134

Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death in young adults worldwide. It results in around 1 million hospital admissions annually in the European Union (EU), causes a majority of the 50,000 deaths from road traffic accidents and leaves a further ≈10,000 people severely disabled.

Objective: The Eurotherm3235 Trial was a pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of hypothermia (32-35 °C) to reduce raised intracranial pressure (ICP) following severe TBI and reduce morbidity and mortality 6 months after TBI. Read More

Chin J Integr Med 2018 Aug 28. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Division of Chest Pain Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the 2nd Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.

ERJ Open Res 2018 Jul 22;4(3). Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Sâo Paulo, Brazil.

Small airway and interstitial pulmonary involvements are prominent in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). However, their roles on exercise limitation and the relationship with functional lung tests have not been studied in detail. Our aim was to evaluate exercise performance and its determinants in cHP. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 Aug 23. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Pediatrics, Physiology, New York Medical College, United States.

Upright hyperventilation occurs in approximately 25% of our patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Poikilocapnic hyperventilation alone causes tachycardia. Here we examined changes in respiration and hemodynamics comprising cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and blood pressure (BP) measured during head-up tilt (HUT) in 3 groups: patients with POTS and hyperventilation (POTS-HV), patients with Panic Disorder who hyperventilate (Panic), and healthy controls performing voluntary upright hyperpnea (Voluntary-HV). Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018;118(7):4-11

Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To study the frequency and characteristics of headache which is in the past history (HPH) of patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD) and evaluate with the help of EEG and visual evoked potentials (VEP) the role of central mechanisms in its development.

Material And Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with CeAD verified by neuroimaging were studied. All patients were interviewed about the presence of a headache in the past history and its features. Read More

Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2018 Jun;20(2):65-74

Municipal Clinic of Szentendre, Internal Medicine, Szentendre, Hungary.

The pathophysiologic significance of hypocapnia is strongly underestimated both in functional and organic diseases. Alterations of carbon dioxide levels immediately appear in the cytoplasm, causing abrupt pH changes. Compensatory mechanisms develop with latency, so intracellular alkalosis or acidosis can affect metabolism for hours/days. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2018 Dec 17;16(6):754-756. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.

An interaction between regained renal function in a transplanted kidney and hyperventilation syndrome may interfere with correct diagnosis of acid-base status in patients with preoperative nongap acidosis. Here, we present a patient with glomerular nephritis and hyperchloremia who underwent kidney transplant. Progressively increasing bicarbonate reabsorption by the renal graft, which thereby changed the arterial carbon dioxide tension-to-bicarbonate ratio, resulted in a time-sequence swing of an acid-base interpretation despite persistent mixed respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation syndrome and nongap metabolic acidosis due to preexisting hyperchloremia. Read More

BMJ Open Respir Res 2018 17;5(1):e000261. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Inserm CIC 1431, University Hospital of Besançon, Besancon, France.

Introduction: There is a continuous debate concerning the superiority of endotracheal intubation on bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation in patients with cardiac arrest. In this manikin-based observational study, we evaluate and compare the performance of manual ventilation through a facemask (BVM) and an endotracheal tube (ETT).

Methods: One hundred and forty healthcare providers were instructed to manually ventilate a manikin as they would do for a 75 kg adult patient in respiratory arrest. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Aug 10. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Japan.

Objective This study was performed to determine the usefulness of a newly developed spirometer for the quantitative assessment of dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) following incremental hyperventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The subjects were 54 patients with COPD and 25 healthy volunteers. Each subject was asked to hyperventilate for 30 s with stepwise increments starting at the resting respiration rate and increasing to respiratory rates of 20, 30, and finally 40 breaths/min while using a newly developed spirometer. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Aug 10. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan.

Loss of consciousness occurs in post-hyperventilation apnea, but its pathophysiology remains unclear. We herein report a patient with post-hyperventilation apnea showing spindle activity on electroencephalogram (EEG). The patient was alert and breathing spontaneously before the hyperventilation test, but loss of consciousness and apnea with spindle activity on EEG occurred when the end-tidal CO decreased during the hyperventilation test. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):131-136

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Introduction: Childhood epilepsy is a generalized epilepsy syndrome with a favorable response to antiepileptic drugs; however, a small percentage of typical absence seizures remain refractory to drugs. We studied the safety and efficacy of amantadine in children with refractory absence seizures.

Materials And Methods: Of 48 children with typical absence seizures attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care neurological center over a period of 3 years from July 2013 to June 2016, 4 children who were refractory to standard treatment for at least 1 year were selected and were started on amantadine 4-6 mg/kg/day, after obtaining informed consent. Read More

PLoS One 2018 25;13(7):e0200186. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Doshisha University, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.

We investigated the effects of moderate hypoxia (FiO2 = 15%) on different kinetics between pulmonary ventilation ([Formula: see text]) and heart rate (HR) during treadmill walking. Breath-by-breath [Formula: see text], oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), carbon dioxide output ([Formula: see text]), and HR were measured in 13 healthy young adults. The treadmill speed was sinusoidally changed from 3 to 6 km·h-1 with four oscillation periods of 1, 2, 5, and 10 min. Read More

Seizure 2018 Oct 18;61:1-3. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, ASST Civil Hospital -Brescia, Italy. Electronic address:

Purpose: Children with Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) may develop generalized tonic-clonic seizure or juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. A possible evolution to Eyelid Myoclonia with Absence Epilepsy (EMA) hasn't been documented yet. We report the electroclinical features of a case series of children with CAE that evolved to EMA after therapy withdrawal. Read More

Psychophysiology 2018 Dec 16;55(12):e13221. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

The present study aimed to investigate changes induced by breathing at 0.1 Hz in affective state, cardiovascular activity, and adequacy of ventilation as well as the relation between changes in peripheral physiological processes and alteration of affect. Eighty-three participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Two groups doing paced breathing at 0. Read More

Seizure 2018 Aug 28;60:139-143. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Neurology, GIPMER, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To study modulation of epileptiform EEG discharges in patients with JME.

Method: 50 subjects with JME underwent a sleep deprived EEG recording along with conventional provocative methods and testing with cognitive tasks (CTs). Both categories of tests were evaluated for their effect on occurrence of IEDs. Read More

J Vis Exp 2018 06 16(136). Epub 2018 Jun 16.

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende.

Wearable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices have become popular during the last years to monitor sports activities, primarily among young people. These devices include sensors to gather data on physiological signals such as heart rate, skin temperature or galvanic skin response. By applying data analytics techniques to these kinds of signals, it is possible to obtain estimations of higher-level aspects of human behavior. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Jun 30;7(13). Epub 2018 Jun 30.

Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.

Background: Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous condition. We stratified patients previously evaluated for POTS on the basis of supine resting cardiac output (CO) or with the complaint of platypnea or "shortness of breath" during orthostasis. We hypothesize that postural hyperventilation is one cause of POTS and that hyperventilation-associated POTS occurs when initial reduction in CO is sufficiently large. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018;118(5):14-17

Sverzhevsky Research and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To explore the possibility of cerebral hemodynamic reserve (CHR) normalization in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), aged over fifty, who received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.

Material And Methods: The main group (20 patients, aged 50-65 years, with severe OSAS) and the control group (20 volunteers without snoring and OSAS matched for age and physical status) were studied. Diagnosis included cardio-respiratory monitoring of nocturnal sleep and ultrasound examination of cerebral blood flow with functional tests (breath holding and hyperventilation) and calculating the coefficient of vasomotor reactivity (CVMR) before the start of CPAP-therapy and after one month therapy. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 5;9:694. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.

Clinical and experimental evidence indicates a positive correlation between chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), increased carotid body (CB) chemosensitivity, enhanced sympatho-respiratory coupling and arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Several groups have reported that both the afferent and efferent arms of the CB chemo-reflex are enhanced in CIH animal models through the oscillatory CB activation by recurrent hypoxia/reoxygenation episodes. Accordingly, CB ablation or denervation results in the reduction of these effects. Read More

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2018 Aug;31(4):453-458

Pioneer Group, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Purpose Of Review: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment option in psychiatry is advancing day by day. This review discusses new advancements in ECT with regards to anesthetic variables, stimulus, and response variables along with their impact on clinical outcomes.

Recent Findings: Anesthetic variables influence clinical efficacy and patient tolerance of ECT. Read More

Brain Dev 2018 Oct 31;40(9):786-791. Epub 2018 May 31.

GlaxoSmithKline, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy in Japanese and South Korean pediatric patients with newly diagnosed typical absence seizures.

Methods: Six Japanese patients and one South Korean patient were enrolled in the extension phase of the study after completing the 12-week maintenance phase of an open-label clinical study of LTG monotherapy. During the extension phase, patients underwent efficacy and safety evaluation every 12 weeks. Read More

Crit Care Resusc 2018 06;20(2):101-108

Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.

Background: The setting of tidal volume (V) during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in critically ill patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is likely important but currently unknown. We aimed to describe current CMV settings in intensive care units (ICUs) across Victoria.

Methods: We performed a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Read More

Seizure 2018 Jul 30;59:99-107. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Faculty of Nursing, Pediatric Clinic, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Purpose: Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is an epileptic syndrome presenting between 2nd-10th years. The spells are elicited with hyperventilation (HV) while sleep seems to exacerbate the electrical activity. Our aim is to describe sleep architecture and its relationship with epileptic discharges (EDs) in patients with CAE, before treatment and one year later. Read More

Seizure 2018 Jul 19;59:108-115. Epub 2018 May 19.

University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RJ, UK. Electronic address:

Introduction: Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) are events that appear epileptic but are instead thought to have a psychological origin. Increased rates of several psychiatric disorders have been reported in PNES, including anxiety and panic disorders. Some theories suggest panic and/or hyperventilation have aetiological roles in PNES, though these remain unproven. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2018 May;35(5):562-566

Clinique des bronches, allergies et du sommeil, hôpital Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France; Inserm U1067, CNRS UMR 7333 Aix-Marseille université, 13009 Marseille, France.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in the general population, particularly in the elderly. This syndrome is frequently responsible for severe cardiovascular complications. However, the indications for its treatment in the elderly remain controversial. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018 May;124(5):1213

Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki , Japan.

J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018 May 7;20(1):31. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.

Background: Hyperventilation with a subsequent breath-hold has been successfully used as a non-pharmacological vasoactive stimulus to induce changes in myocardial oxygenation. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess if this maneuver is feasible in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), and if it is effective at detecting coronary artery stenosis > 50% determined by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA).

Methods: Twenty-six patients with coronary artery stenosis (QCA > 50% diameter stenosis) underwent a contrast-free cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) exam in the time interval between their primary coronary angiography and a subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n = 24) or coronary artery bypass (CABG, n = 2) revascularization procedure. Read More

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018 May 4. Epub 2018 May 4.

Department Otorhinolaryngology, Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital, Kirsehir, Turkey.

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias are reported to be more common in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Preliminary evidence showed such parameters regarding ventricular repolarization as Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc may be related with increased cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization during immediately preapnea period, apnea period, and postapnea hyperventilation period in patients with OSA. Read More