Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2019 Jun 7;16:100183. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

University of Palermo, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, Division of General and Oncological Surgery, Palermo, Italy.

Purpose: Thyroidectomy is the preferred approach as the definitive treatment for Graves' disease. The outcomes for total thyroidectomy in a large series of 594 patients, who were observed in the last decade, will be presented in this study.

Methods: The study concerned a retrospective review of 594 patients, undergoing a total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 28;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.

A 21-year-old young man with no history of diabetes or thyroid disease presented to the emergency department with simultaneous thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis. Notable findings on admission were a ventricular rate of 235 beats/min, tachypnoea, tremors, polydipsia and a lack of fever. Due to the unusual constellation of symptoms, diagnosis was only possible after initial laboratory results came back. Read More

Cureus 2018 Aug 31;10(8):e3239. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.

Postoperative thyroid storm represents a diagnostic dilemma in patients with overlooked hyperthyroid state undergoing a nonthyroid surgery. We report a 30-year-old female with a history of mixed connective tissue disease who presented with an anterior mediastinal mass and underwent a thoracoscopic resection of the mass. On postoperative day 1, she had an acute change in mental status with fever, tachycardia and hypercapnic respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Read More

J Clin Apher 2018 Dec 15;33(6):678-681. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

Thyroid storm is a severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis characterized by systemic organ dysfunction secondary to a hypermetabolic state. Although antithyroid drugs, steroids, beta-blockers, antipyretics, and cholestyramine are the standard of care, some patients inadequately respond to these conventional therapies. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been previously utilized as a treatment modality in patients with a poor response to routine therapies or with contraindications to them. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 3;36(12):2338.e5-2338.e6. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States of America. Electronic address:

Thyroid storm is a rare complication with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.61 to 0.76 cases per 100,000 people. Read More

Lakartidningen 2018 08 24;115. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Medicinkliniken, Hallands sjukhus Halmstad - Halmstad, Sweden Medicinkliniken, Hallands sjukhus Halmstad - Halmstad, Sweden.

Thyroid storm is a potentially lethal condition sometimes seen in cases of untreated thyrotoxicosis. Hypermetabolism, fever, and tachycardia are typical symptoms of the increased thyroid hormone activity. Thyroid storm is often triggered by infection, trauma or recent surgery and rarely by other causes. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jun 19;10(6):e2837. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Critical Care, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) and cardiomyopathy are two established complications of thyrotoxicosis. Emergent management is essential as TPP and cardiac events secondary to thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy can be fatal. We report a unique case of a patient with Graves' disease presenting with symptoms secondary to both these complications. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2018 11;2018:8214169. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.

Thyroid storm is a rare endocrine emergency characterized by dysfunction of multiple organ systems. Thyroid storm is more common in Graves' disease and can be precipitated by surgery, trauma, infection, metabolic abnormalities, iodine load, and parturition. We present a diagnostically challenging case of thyroid storm precipitated by radioiodine therapy and accompanied by bradycardia, a rare but life-threatening complication related to treatment for hyperthyroidism. Read More

Endocrine 2018 10 2;62(1):144-148. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Ege University Medical Faculty, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Izmir, Turkey.

Purpose: For the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, alternative treatment modalities may be necessary if anti-thyroid drugs cannot be used due to side effects, inefficiencies, or there is a need to start a rapid action such as thyroid storm. By using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), it is possible to effectively and rapidly remove the increased thyroid hormones. We evaluated our results and experience on a rapid, effective, and reliable alternative treatment modality in thyrotoxic patients. Read More

Ann Clin Biochem 2018 Nov 20;55(6):713-716. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

1 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism where increased influx of potassium into skeletal muscle cells leads to profound hypokalaemia and paralysis. Most cases arise sporadically in Asians; however, it is being increasingly reported in Caucasians. It is regarded as a channelopathy where a genetic and/or acquired defect in the sodium-potassium (Na/K-ATPase) pump renders it more sensitive to excess thyroid hormone in susceptible individuals. Read More

J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 May 21;47(1):37. Epub 2018 May 21.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada.

Background: The 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines indicate that patients with Graves' disease who undergo a thyroidectomy should be rendered euthyroid through the use of antithyroid drugs (ATD) prior to surgery to avoid complications such as a thyroid storm. At times, the use of ATDs can have limited efficacy and therefore some patients will inevitably remain biochemically hyperthyroid at the time of surgery. The aim of this study is to assess if hyperthyroid patients undergoing a thyroidectomy are at an increased risk of developing a thyroid storm in comparison to euthyroid patients. Read More

Eur Endocrinol 2017 Aug 22;13(2):99-101. Epub 2017 Aug 22.

Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.

This case study aims to discuss the unusual forms of hyperthyroidism presentation, the nonspecific symptoms and precipitating events. A 70-year-old male was taken to the emergency department for hyperglycaemia, nausea, vomiting and altered mental status with a week of evolution. He had a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 23;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Leicester Foundation Trust, Leicester, UK.

A previously well, 4-year-old girl presented with a 4-6 weeks' history of increased appetite, weight loss, tiredness, sleep difficulty, excessive sweating, swelling in the neck and new-onset 'prominent, protruding eyes.' Family history revealed paternal grandmother receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism. Clinical assessment demonstrated features of thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, warm peripheries, small smooth goitre with no nodules, exophthalmos). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 5;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

Department of Internal medicine, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

A 67-year-old Caucasian woman with no prior medical history was admitted to our hospital with complaints of generalised weakness, nausea, diarrhoea and weight loss. The patient suffered from tachycardia and hypotension. Blood tests revealed Graves' thyrotoxicosis and the patient was treated accordingly. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Jul 28;57(13):1939-1942. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan.

We herein report a case of central diabetes insipidus complicated with thyroid storm. A middle-aged woman who was receiving treatment for Graves' disease suddenly complained of polydipsia, polyuria and general fatigue. Laboratory tests showed hyperthyroidism, hypernatremia, hypoosmolar urine and a decreased plasma vasopressin level. Read More

Acute Med 2018 ;17(4):229-231

Department of Intensive Medicine, Unidade de Saúde Local de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal.

Cardiovascular signs and symptoms can prevail in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Case 1: 30-year-old female with acute right heart failure as first manifestation of Graves' disease. It illustrates some of its cardiovascular complications, particularly pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 24;2017. Epub 2017 Nov 24.

Division of Endocrinology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses and Echovirus, are well known pathogens responsible for the development of thyroiditis. We describe the case of a 49-year-old woman with no personal or family history of thyroid disease who presented to the emergency room with a two-week history of daily fevers up to 39°C, a sore throat, occasional palpitations and diaphoresis, decreased appetite and an unintentional 10 kg weight loss over the same time course Physical examination revealed mild tachycardia, an intention tremor and a normal-sized, nontender thyroid gland without palpable nodules. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable and without stigmata of Graves' disease. Read More

Gland Surg 2017 Oct;6(5):476-481

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.

Graves' disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism in iodine-sufficient geographical areas and is characterized by the presence in patients' serum of autoantibodies directed against the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) that cause overproduction and release of thyroid hormones. Clinical presentation results from both hyperthyroidism and underlying autoimmunity. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical features and biochemical abnormalities. Read More

J Emerg Med 2017 Dec 6;53(6):e125-e128. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Virginia Tech Carilion Emergency Medicine Residency, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia.

Background: Thyroid storm (also known as thyroid or thyrotoxic crisis) is part of the spectrum of thyrotoxicosis and represents the extreme end of that spectrum. The condition is quite rare, yet mortality rates are high and may approach 10-30%.

Case Report: A 34-year-old-man who had a history of Graves disease presented in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and mild congestive heart failure. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2017 Sep 3;6(5):276-280. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Background: Graves disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor (TRAB), which stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone. Theoretically, TRAB could stimulate highly differentiated thyroid cancer tissue and/or metastases to produce thyroid hormone.

Case: A 68-year-old male, with weight loss and palpitations, was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis. Read More

A A Pract 2018 Mar;10(5):97-99

From the Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.

Malignant hyperthermia and thyroid storm are intraoperative emergencies with overlapping symptoms but different treatment protocols. We faced this diagnostic dilemma in a 25-year-old patient with symptomatic hyperthyroidism, elevated free T3 and free T4, and low thyroid-stimulating hormone from Graves disease despite treatment with propranolol 80 mg daily and methimazole 40 mg every 8 hours. During thyroidectomy, he developed hyperthermia and hypercarbia without tachycardia. Read More

Transfus Apher Sci 2017 Aug 18;56(4):606-608. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.

Graves' disease is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, including rare associations with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). We describe a unique presentation of thyroid storm and warm AIHA diagnosed concurrently in a young female with hyperthyroidism. The patient presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and altered mental status. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2017 ;77(4):337-340

Servicio de Endocrinología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. E-mail:

Thyroid storm is a rare and potentially fatal condition. Unusual presentations in patients with thyroid storm have been described but multiorganic dysfunction is uncommonly seen. We describe the case of a 36-year-old woman with unknown underlying Graves's disease who developed thyroid storm. Read More

World J Surg 2017 10;41(10):2545-2550

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: The role of thyroidectomy as an early treatment for hyperthyroidism has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to examine its success rates, particularly focusing on thyroidectomy as an early treatment.

Methods: Patients with thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism between February 2008 and October 2014 were included. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 30;2017. Epub 2017 May 30.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QuebecCanada.

Lugol's solution is usually employed for a limited period for thyroidectomy preparation in patients with Graves' disease and for the control of severe thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. We describe a rare case of Lugol's solution-induced painless thyroiditis. In November 2014, a 59-year-old woman was prescribed Lugol's solution four drops per day for the alleviation of menopausal symptoms. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 31;2017. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Division of Nephrology, Kosin University College of Medicine, BusanRepublic of Korea.

Summary: Thyroid storm is a rare and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. We experienced a case of thyroid storm associated with sepsis caused by pneumonia, which had a catastrophic course including recurrent cardiac arrest and subsequent multiple organ failure (MOF). A 22-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of Graves' disease was transferred to our emergency department (ED). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Jan;96(4):e6017

Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is one of the major clinical causes of hypercalcaemia, however, hyperthyroidism-related hypercalcemic crisis is rare, only 1 case have been reported. The potential mechanisms are still not too clear. It may be related that thyroid hormone stimulate bone turnover, elevate serum calcium, increase urinary and fecal calcium excretion. Read More

Intern Med 2017 15;56(2):181-185. Epub 2017 Jan 15.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Japan.

A 46-year-old woman with a history of Graves' disease presented with the chief complaints of appetite loss, weight loss, fatigue, nausea, and sweating. She was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), thyroid storm, and influenza A. She was treated with an intravenous insulin drip, intravenous fluid therapy, intravenous hydrocortisone, oral potassium iodine, and oral methimazole. Read More

J Cardiol Cases 2017 Mar 17;15(3):100-103. Epub 2017 Jan 17.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

A 36-year-old man with a history of Graves' disease was admitted complaining of dyspnea. He was diagnosed with acute heart failure and severe liver dysfunction accompanied by thyroid storm. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 19%, and liver enzyme levels were markedly elevated followed with coagulation disorders. Read More

Pathol Int 2017 Feb 23;67(2):110-112. Epub 2016 Dec 23.

Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2017 Feb 22;125(2):75-78. Epub 2016 Dec 22.

Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is characterized by acute onset paralysis and hypokalemia predominantly in male patients with thyrotoxicosis. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of potassium channels, which might explain the underlying mechanism of TPP. The gene encodes the inward-rectifying potassium channel. Read More

Endocr Regul 2016 Oct;50(4):225-228

A 46 year-old female patient presented to the hospital with ongoing and progressively increasing fatigue, severe nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, palpitations and somnolence. Laboratory evaluation revealed a severe hypercalcaemia and overt hyperthyroidism. She was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism accompanied by Graves' disease. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2016 27;2016:7192359. Epub 2016 Oct 27.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Ave., Bronx, NY 10467, USA.

Thyroid storm has a high mortality rate and is often associated with a precipitating factor such as intercurrent illness or infection. It is rare in pediatric patients. Cardiac disease in hyperthyroidism mostly manifests itself as tachycardia but more serious cardiac findings have also been described. Read More

Pediatr Int 2016 Oct;58(10):1080-1083

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

A 15-year-old girl with Graves' disease presented with hypotension after methimazole and propranolol were re-started for hyperthyroidism. She was found to have pulmonary artery hypertension resulting in obstructive shock. Thyroid storm was diagnosed according to Burch and Wartofsky score. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2015 Dec;63(12):95-96

Registrar, Seth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M.H., Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016 Dec 22;85(6):827-830. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland.

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are widely used for the treatment of Graves' disease (GD) in the general population. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing awareness that several disturbances of thyroid function may occur in mothers after delivery which may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. Exacerbation of immune reactions occurs 3-12 month following delivery. Read More

Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2016 Apr;105(4):653-7

Case Rep Med 2016 29;2016:9653412. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.

Introduction. Pericardial effusion in the setting of hyperthyroidism is rare. We present a patient with Graves' disease who developed a sanguineous pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2016 Jun 23;9:320. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.

Background: Thyrotoxic crisis is a medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and urgent management, which can be challenging due to its diverse clinical presentations. While common presentations include fever, sweating, palpitations, tremors and confusion, presence of jaundice is rare.

Case Presentation: We report a 35-year-old male who presented with jaundice due to cholestasis along with other features of thyrotoxic crisis due to Graves' disease. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Apr 18;2016:10.1136/bcr-2016-214603. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Thyroid storm is a rare and life-threatening state of thyroid hormone excess. Rapid recognition of thyroid storm is key to decreasing the morbidity and mortality of this condition. Clinical manifestations of thyroid storm include unexplained weight loss, hyperactivity and irritability. Read More

Lancet 2016 Aug 30;388(10047):906-918. Epub 2016 Mar 30.

Endocrine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Milan, Italy (S De Leo MD); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (S De Leo); and Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA (S De Leo, S Y Lee MD, Prof L E Braverman MD).

Hyperthyroidism is characterised by increased thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion from the thyroid gland, whereas thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome of excess circulating thyroid hormones, irrespective of the source. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, followed by toxic nodular goitre. Other important causes of thyrotoxicosis include thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid dysfunction, and factitious ingestion of excess thyroid hormones. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016 ;20(4):685-8

Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that could be triggered by acute stressful events, such as gastrointestinal infections or emotional stress.

Patients And Methods: We reported the case of the onset of an ulcerative colitis after a thyrotoxicosis crisis and reviewed the literature about the relationships between thyroid dysfunctions and ulcerative colitis.

Results: A 38-year-old woman was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis after her third thyrotoxicosis crisis, two years after the diagnosis of Graves' disease. Read More

Laryngoscope 2016 05 1;126(5):1256-9. Epub 2016 Mar 1.

Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Objectives/hypothesis: Graves' disease (GD) has multiple adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to examine the outcome of thyroidectomy in patients with cardiac manifestations of GD and evaluate their associated postoperative complications.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis using a prospectively collected database. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2015 Dec 30;2015. Epub 2015 Dec 30.

Department of Intensive Care, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands.

An 18-year-old man suffered a sudden cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation and was successfully resuscitated. He had neither a medical nor family history of cardiac disease/sudden death, but was known to have Graves' disease, for which he was treated with radioactive iodine. Recently, block-and-replacement therapy had been discontinued to evaluate thyroid functioning. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2015 Dec 15;2015. Epub 2015 Dec 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

A 44-year-old woman with no medical history presented to the emergency department with a 2 h history of sudden onset chest pressure, palpitations, diaphoresis and shortness of breath. She reported a 90-pound unintentional weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, night sweats and palpitations for 2 months. Physical examination revealed a heart rate (HR) of 269 bpm and a blood pressure of 116/94 mm Hg. Read More

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016 Feb;29(2):221-5

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the precipitating factors that can evoke a thyroid storm. Thyroid storm may cause cerebral ischemia in Moyamoya disease, which can coexist in patients with Graves' disease. A 16-year-old girl complaining of dizziness and palpitations visited the emergency department and was diagnosed with DKA combined with hyperthyroidism. Read More

Pediatr Rev 2015 Jun;36(6):239-48

Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

On the basis of strong research evidence, hyperthyroidism is a rare but potentially serious disorder in childhood that, if uncontrolled, can lead to a wide range of complications, including effects on growth and development. • On the basis of strong research evidence, Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children, accounting for greater than 95% of cases. It is caused by stimulating antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2015 Jan-Mar;14(1):59-69

Department of Endocrinology, St. Paul Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

The most common thyroid diseases during pregnancy are hyper- and hypothyroidism and their variants including isolated hypothyroxinemia (hypo-T4), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and different types of goiter. AITD represents the main cause of hypothyroidism during pregnancy ranging in prevalence between 5 and 20% with an average of 7.8%. Read More

Intern Med 2015 1;54(7):813-8. Epub 2015 Apr 1.

Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Japan.

We herein describe a case of hypercalcemic crisis in a 52-year-old Japanese woman. She suffered from thirst and fatigue for one month. Her serum calcium (a) levels were 19. Read More