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Chest 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Recent clinical practice guidelines have addressed the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP). These disease-specific guidelines were developed independently, without clear direction on how to concurrently apply their respective recommendations within a single patient, where discrimination between these two fibrotic interstitial lung diseases represents a frequent diagnostic challenge. The objective of this document, created by an international group of experts, was to suggest a pragmatic approach on how to apply existing guidelines to distinguish IPF and fHP. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.

Background/aims: Neutrophilia is frequently observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a potent neutrophil-activating glycoprotein. However, the clinical implications of G-CSF remain poorly understood. Read More

J Clin Invest 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy in metastatic cancers such as melanoma and cervical cancer (CC). Here we explored the safety, feasibility and preliminary tumor response and performed translational investigations of adjuvant immunotherapy using infusion of autogenous (auto)-TILs following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in CC patients with locally advanced disease.

Methods: Twenty-seven CC patients with stage III to IV disease were recruited in this single-center, phase I study. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 2;13:842745. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.

Surfactant proteins (SPs) are important for normal lung function and innate immunity of the lungs and their genes have been identified with significant genetic variability. Changes in quantity or quality of SPs due to genetic mutations or natural genetic variability may alter their functions and contribute to the host susceptibility for particular diseases. Alternatively, SP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can serve as markers to identify disease risk or response to therapies, as shown for other genes in a number of other studies. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 14;14(5):e24996. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Internal Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.

Good's syndrome is a rare, acquired immunodeficiency condition characterized by thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia, which increases the risk of recurrent infections. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) is the key treatment for recurrent infections. We describe the case of a 57-year-old male with a history of an anterior mediastinal mass and a persistent cough lasting for a few years. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.; INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

Genetic studies of familial forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) have led to the discovery of telomere-related gene (TRG) mutations (TERT, TERC, RTEL1, PARN, DKC1, TINF2, NAF1, NOP10, NHP2, ACD, ZCCH8) in approximately 30% of familial ILD forms. ILD patients with TRG mutation are also subject to extra-pulmonary (immune-hematological, hepatic and/or mucosal-cutaneous) manifestations. TRG mutations may be associated not only with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but also with non-IPF ILDs, including idiopathic and secondary ILDs, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Read More

Toxicol Ind Health 2022 Jun 13:7482337221107243. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, 12228Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) monomers and polymeric MDI (pMDI) are aromatic isocyanates widely used in the production of polyurethanes. These isocyanates can cause occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, as well as contact dermatitis. Skin exposure likely contributes toward initial sensitization but is challenging to monitor and quantitate. Read More

Am J Med 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Matthew Koroscil - Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States Air Force. Electronic address:

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Objectives: To evaluate quantitative computed tomography (QCT) features and QCT feature-based machine learning (ML) models in classifying interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). To compare QCT-ML and deep learning (DL) models' performance.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 1085 patients with pathologically proven usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP), and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) who underwent peri-biopsy chest CT. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is rare in the pediatric population. To date, there are no studies defining a correlation between clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in children with HP. The objective of this study is to define the clinical, and radiological characteristics and prognosis of childhood HP and to examine the clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation between HP stages. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

American Thoracic Society, 44197, Documents Department, New York, New York, United States.

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Queen's University, Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;

Pharmacol Res 2022 Jun 2;182:106286. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the pathological change of end-stage interstitial lung diseases with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. Lung macrophages have distinct subsets with divergent functions, and play critical roles in the pathogenesis of PF. In this study, integrative analysis of lung single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data from patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was utilized to identify particular macrophage subsets during the development of PF. Read More

J Clin Nurs 2022 Jun 5. Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Department of Critical and Invasive-Palliative Care Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.

Aims And Objectives: To explore the process by which people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis implement continuous antigen avoidance, alongside the situations that influence this process.

Background: Antigen avoidance is the primary treatment for people with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the best method to support antigen avoidance has not yet been established. Read More

Chest 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

Background: Osimertinib has demonstrated impressive efficacy as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive (m+) lung cancer. Drug-related pneumonitis (DRP) is a potentially lethal complication of osimertinib treatment, but reliable real-world data are currently lacking.

Research Question: What is the prevalence of osimertinib-induced DRP in first-line settings? What are the characteristics, clinical impact, and risk factors of osimertinib-induced DRP?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients who received osimertinib as a first-line treatment for advanced EGFR m+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between August 2018 and December 2019. Read More

Respirology 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Background And Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a frequent cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, the impact of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody seropositivity in ILD without connective tissue disease (CTD) is unclear. We examined the association of seropositivity with ILD progression, mortality and response to immunosuppression in non-CTD ILD.

Methods: A total of 1570 non-CTD patients (with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features or unclassifiable ILD) and 181 RA-ILD patients were included from a prospective registry. Read More

R I Med J (2013) 2022 Jun 1;105(5):36-40. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

We report a collection of lung findings in a patient with a remote history of cigarette smoking, but now engaged in heavy nicotine vaping with daily edible and combustible cannabis use. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated numerous, small, and bilateral nodules with ground-glass appearance. The largest nodule is demonstrated in the right upper lung lobe. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2022 May 25;22(1):207. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, China.

Background: Asbestosis and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) share the pathogenetic mechanisms induced bronchiolocentric fibrotic process secondary to inhalation exposure. Under the occupational and environmental mixed exposures, asbestosis and FHP are needed to make the differential diagnoses on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), especially in the countries still using asbestos. The study aimed to analyze the HRCT features of asbestosis versus FHP. Read More

Med Mycol 2022 May;60(5)

Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besancon, France.

Although a high prevalence of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis has been reported, it is still difficult to distinguish between colonization with Aspergillus fumigatus and infection. Concomitantly, similarities between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis were suggested. The objective of this study was to investigate retrospectively if precipitin assays targeting A. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 Jul 9;17(7):2448-2452. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Radiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.

We encountered a case of HTLV-1-associated bronchioloalveolar disorder (HABA) that was difficult to distinguish from fibrotic chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP). Chest thin-section computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse micronodules and revealed peribronchovascular and perilobular distribution. Further, thickening of the interlobular septa, areas of ground-glass attenuation, traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis, and air trapping were observed. Read More

Multidiscip Respir Med 2022 Jan 26;17(1):848. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a group of multiple entities sharing some clinical, functional, and radiological similarities. In many countries primary care setting has been devoid of pre- and post-graduate educational interventions focused on basic knowledge on ILD. This, along with usual nonspecificity of symptoms at presentation, may contribute to diagnostic delay in this disease setting. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022 May;205(10):P20-P21

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Apr 29;101(17):e29198. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Abstract: By evaluating S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) and Klebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) expression in patients with 4 common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), we aimed to investigate whether S100A9 or KL-6 can be of any value in the differential diagnosis of these ILDs and simultaneously signal the disease progression.We collected the data of patients diagnosed with the 4 ILDs and underwent fiber-optic bronchoscopy and BAL in the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University from January 2012 to December 2020. The data related to BGA, C-reactive protein, pulmonary function test, total number and fraction of cells, T lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the expression of S100A9 and KL-6 in BALF and serum were collected. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 05 4;12(1):7289. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Pulmonology, ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Pintor Baeza, 11, 03010, Alicante, Spain.

The new radiological diagnostic criteria for diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) seek to optimize the indications for surgical lung biopsy (SLB). We applied the new criteria to a retrospective series of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who underwent SLB in order to analyse the correlation between the radiological findings suggestive of another diagnosis (especially mosaic attenuation and its location with respect to fibrotic areas) and the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pathologic diagnosis. Two thoracic radiologists reviewed the HRCT images of 83 patients with ILD and SLB, describing the radiological findings and patterns based on the new criteria. Read More

Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022 06;19(6):1040-1049

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.

The American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax convened to update clinical practice guidelines for interstitial lung disease (ILD). To conduct a systematic review to evaluate existing ILD literature to determine whether patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) should be treated with the antifibrotic nintedanib. A literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through December 2020 for studies using nintedanib to treat patients with PPF. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2022 Apr 23;22(1):153. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA.

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) include a variety of parenchymal lung diseases. The most common types of ILDs are idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), autoimmune ILDs and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). There is limited real world data on care patterns of patients with chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype other than IPF. Read More

Transpl Int 2022 31;35:10450. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Repeated exposure to antigens inhalation is the primary cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a form of interstitial pneumonia. The chronic form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis leads to progressive loss of respiratory function; lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option for chronically ill patients. The ESTS Lung Transplantation Working Group conducted a retrospective multicentred cohort study to increase the body of knowledge available on this rare indication for lung transplantation. Read More

Respir Investig 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Miyazato 281, Uruma City, Okinawa 〒904-2293, Japan. Electronic address:

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a parenchymal lung disease and restrictive disorder that presents as diffuse infiltrative shadows. The initial diagnosis of ILD is important because management strategies depend on the disease pathogenesis. Connective-tissue disease (CTD)-associated ILD including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) requires a thorough evaluation of chronic respiratory symptoms such as non-productive cough and exertional dyspnea, as well as physical findings. Read More

J Immunol Methods 2022 06 11;505:113267. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France; Chrono-Environment Research Team UMR/CNRS-6249, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France; Referent Biology Medical Laboratory for the serological diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, LBMR-PHS, University Hospital of Besancon, France.

Context: Bird fancier's lung (BFL) is the most prevalent form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) worldwide. The current techniques used for the serological diagnosis of BFL all use crude extracts from feathers, droppings, and blooms as test antigens, which is associated with a lack of standardization and variability of the results. An antigenic protein, immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide-1 (IgLL1), isolated from pigeon droppings, was recently identified to be associated with BFL. Read More

Am J Ther 2022 Apr 14. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.