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Eur Respir Rev 2020 Jun 7;29(156). Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Hastings Centre for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Pulmonology 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020 Jul 3:1-8. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) infrequently presents in childhood. Asthma or a pneumonia-like clinical presentation may lead to diagnostic delay, especially in children. We present two cases of HP, a 6-year-old (Case 1) male and a 5-year-old (Case 2) female. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jul 2;10(1):10906. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Diseases of the Thorax, G.B. Morgagni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.

Bronchiolitis manifests as a variety of histological features that explain the complex clinical profiles and imaging aspects. In the period between January 2011 and June 2015, patients with a cryobiopsy diagnosis of bronchiolitis were retrospectively retrieved from the database of our institution. Clinical profiles, imaging features and histologic diagnoses were analysed to identify the role of cryobiopsy in the diagnostic process. Read More

Biomark Med 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Respiratory Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of lung disorders characterized by interstitial lung thickening. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a molecule that is predominantly expressed by damaged alveolar type II cells and it has been proposed as a potential biomarker of different ILD. A growing literature about KL-6 has been reviewed and selected to evaluate its role in the clinical management of ILD to predict disease diagnosis, activity, prognosis and treatment response. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States;

Rationale: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is caused by an immune response to antigen inhalation and is characterized by variable histopathological and clinical features. A subset of CHP patients have usual interstitial pneumonia and appear to be clinically similar to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Objectives: To determine the common and unique molecular features of CHP and IPF. Read More

Ter Arkh 2020 Apr 27;92(3):84-91. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (D-ILD) can be caused by various drugs, including antibiotics, amiodarone, antitumor, rheumatological and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. D-ILD includes hypersensitivity reactions, organizing and non-specific interstitial pneumonia, eosinophilic lung diseases, diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar hypoventilation. To exclude other causes of pulmonary diseases, an assessment of the medical history, physical data and examination results, which may include chest X-ray/multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), lung function tests, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, are necessary. Read More

Lung 2020 Jun 26. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1 Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) has been redefined as a new clinical syndrome that shares similar genetics, pathophysiology, and natural history to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, which is progressive in nature and is associated with significant mortality. Therapies targeting an inflammatory and/or immune response have not been consistently effective or well tolerated in patients with IPF. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2020 Aug 23;8(6):e00611. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Respiratory Medicine Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital Ibaraki Japan.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a common interstitial lung disease, pathologically characterized by polypoid granulation tissue in the alveolar ducts and alveoli. In clinical practice, OP occasionally presents as non-resolving pneumonia. The typical radiographic pattern of OP is characterized by dense consolidation with ground-glass opacities. Read More

Life Sci 2020 Jun 20;256:117995. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Background: Differential diagnosis between IPF and fibrotic HP (fHP) can be challenging: these two ILDs share many common features but call for different therapeutic approaches. In the present study, differential lipid mediator profiles were analysed by a new method in BAL and serum from HP and IPF patients.

Materials And Methods: 76 patients were enrolled retrospectively in the study. Read More

Expert Rev Respir Med 2020 Jul 6:1-8. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester, UK.

Introduction: The approval of two antifibrotic treatment agents for delaying disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), has prompted researchers to look at expanding the role of antifibrotic therapy to other fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). Similarities in the pathological mechanisms that lead to the development of IPF have been implicated in other progressive fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD) such as chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, connective tissues disease associated ILD, sarcoidosis, occupational ILD and idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP). This has prompted the rationale to use antifibrotic therapy to target similar molecular pathways in these diseases. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun 12. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, California, USA.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus responsible for our recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, is driving a lung immunopathology that strongly resembles a severe form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). A review of recent Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 medical reports, as well as described characteristics of HP, lead us to postulate a theory for SARS-CoV-2 severe disease. We propose that the novel SARS-CoV-2 can act as a trigger and substrate of an HP-like severe immune reaction especially in genetically vulnerable individuals in addition to those with immune senescence and dysregulation. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun 11;52(2):217-218. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Infectious Diseases Specialist, Korean Society of Zoonoses, Seoul, Korea.

Vet Parasitol 2020 May 21;283:109131. Epub 2020 May 21.

North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1052 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, United States.

Fortunately, the majority of dogs diagnosed with heartworm infection are asymptomatic (or have only mild symptoms such as intermittent cough) and go through adulticide therapy without complication. Complications occurring with heartworm infection and during its treatment most often directly reflect the pulmonary vascular and parenchymal injury inflicted by Dirofilaria immitis. Clinical signs may include exercise intolerance, frequent cough, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and dyspnea. Read More

Mediators Inflamm 2020 14;2020:9501617. Epub 2020 May 14.

Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Background: Sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) are immunologically mediated processes caused by hypersensitivity reaction accompanied by similar features including lymphocytic alveolitis and granuloma formation. Recent studies describe the role of TREM receptors in T cell activation, differentiation, and granuloma formation. Alveolar macrophages activation via TREM receptors may be the key factor mediating subsequent immune response. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

National Jewish Health, 2930, Denver, Colorado, United States;

Rationale: A subpopulation of B cells (ABCs) is increased in mice and humans with infections or autoimmune diseases. Since depletion of these cells might be valuable in patients with certain lung diseases, the goal was to find out if ABC-like cells were at elevated levels in such patients.

Objectives: To measure ABC-like cell percentages in patients with lung granulomatous diseases. Read More

J Histochem Cytochem 2020 Jun;68(6):365-376

Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.

Autophagy has been involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, it is not yet known whether autophagy plays a role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is an interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to a wide variety of antigens that provoke an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 30;12(4):e7905. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, USA.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to a large range of environmental antigens. Inhaling aerosolized particles leads to a heightened immune response. HSP comes in acute, subacute, or chronic forms, all with their own potential clinical and radiographic findings. Read More

Respir Med Res 2020 Mar 25;78:100755. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

FHU OncoAge, department of pulmonary medicine, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; CNRS UMR 7275, institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire, université Côte d'Azur, Sophia-Antipolis, France.

Allergol Int 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Occupational allergic diseases are likely to worsen or become intractable as a result of continuous exposure to high concentrations of causative allergens. These are socioeconomically important diseases that can lead to work interruptions for patients and potentially job loss. We published the first guideline for managing occupational allergic diseases in Japan. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Purpose: E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) has received national attention as an epidemic resulting in cases of significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to present the clinical and imaging findings in adolescents with pulmonary symptoms from suspected EVALI.

Methods: Chest radiographs and CTs of adolescents (< 19 years) with acute pulmonary symptoms and history of vaping were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Read More

Arerugi 2020 ;69(3):204-208

Department of Pediatrics, Hoshi General Hospital.

A 5-year-old girl living in Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture was admitted in April with cough persisting for 1 month and fever. Chest X-ray showed diffuse ground-glass shadows in both lungs. After treatment with antibiotics, her fever went down on the 2 day, and her cough subsided gradually. Read More

Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020 9;12:1758835920922033. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China.

Background: Cutaneous adverse events (AEs) have been positively associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in patients with melanoma, but little is known regarding the association between checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A single-institution, retrospective medical record review of patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between 1 September 2015 and 1 June 2019 was conducted. A total of 276 NSCLC patients with or without immune-related pneumonitis who received at least one dose of ICIs and had at least one follow-up visit were identified. Read More

Lung 2020 Jun 15;198(3):429-440. Epub 2020 May 15.

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex interstitial lung disease that is not entirely understood. In its chronic and fibrotic form, hypersensitivity pneumonitis is one of the main mimickers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Distinguishing between these two conditions is challenging but is of particular clinical relevance. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2020 Jun 15;29(156). Epub 2020 May 15.

Bristol Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically mediated lung disease resulting from exposure to inhaled environmental antigens. Prognosis is variable, with a subset of patients developing progressive fibrosis leading to respiratory failure and death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify factors which predict prognosis and survival in patients with HP. Read More

Minerva Med 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Background: This is the first time that a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NL-ratio) has been demonstrated in sarcoidosis and chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (cHP) than in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients.

Subjects And Methods: Consecutive BAL samples from the 167 interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients were retrospectively enrolled in the study and clustered into three diagnostic categories: IPF, cHP and sarcoidosis.

Results: NL-ratio which proved higher in IPF (mean±SD, 2. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 20;7(5):001565. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Santa Maria Maior, Barcelos, Portugal.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is understood to be a delayed allergic reaction to the repeated exposure of a usually innocent inhaled agent, causing inflammatory damage to the pulmonary parenchyma, alveoli and terminal bronchioles. With ongoing exposure, it can cause respiratory compromise and pulmonary fibrosis. Recognizing the heterogeneity of the causative agents and the low incidence of the disease, we considered it important to report the case of a greenhouse worker who developed a . Read More

Chest 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Pulmonary Hypertension Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA. Electronic address:

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to interstitial lung disease (ILD; PH-ILD) can complicate a multitude of ILDs, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Development of PH-ILD is associated with increased need for supplemental oxygen, reduced mobility, and decreased survival. A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis, given the substantial overlap in symptoms with those of ILD without PH. Read More

Histopathology 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Aims: Reports of respiratory illnesses among soldiers returning from Southwest Asia have been described. During deployment to Southwest Asia, soldiers are exposed to various respiratory hazards, including dust storms, smoke from burn pits and industrial air pollutants. A few studies have reported increased rates of constrictive bronchiolitis and asthma in these patients. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2020 May;17(5S):S188-S197

Specialty Chair, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.

Ordering the appropriate diagnostic imaging for occupational lung disease requires a firm understanding of the relationship between occupational exposure and expected lower respiratory track manifestation. Where particular inorganic dust exposures typically lead to nodular and interstitial lung disease, other occupational exposures may lead to isolated small airway obstruction. Certain workplace exposures, like asbestos, increase the risk of malignancy, but also produce pulmonary findings that mimic malignancy. Read More

Eur Respir J 2020 05 4. Epub 2020 May 4.

HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by exposure to organic particles in susceptible individuals. It has been reported that a subgroup of patients with HP develops autoantibodies with or without clinical manifestations of autoimmune disease. However, the mechanisms involved in this process and the effect of the autoantibodies on clinical course in HP is unknown. Read More

J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020 Jun 28;9(2):128-134. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States.

In recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have been falsely advertised as safe alternatives to conventional smoking. We report a case involving a 16-year-old female who presented with fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath after vaping e-cig/tetrahydrocannabinol dab pen. Her symptoms rapidly deteriorated and met diagnostic criteria for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun 16;52(2):216. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Community Medicine, Dr DY Patil, Pune, India.

Clin Cancer Res 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research

Purpose: Drug induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is a rare, but potentially fatal toxicity. Clinical and radiological features of DILD in the early experimental setting are poorly described.

Experimental Design: 2499 consecutive advanced cancer patients on phase I clinical trials were included. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Apr 22;10(4). Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Radiology Unit 1, Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia"-University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies, which may be related to different causes. A low percentage of these lung diseases may be secondary to the administration of drugs or substances. Through the PubMed database, an extensive search was performed in the fields of drug toxicity and interstitial lung disease. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2020 Jan 20;7(1):e00302. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Ascension Genesys Regional Medical Center, Grand Blanc, MI.

Inflammatory bowel disease complications can be related to inflammatory bowel disease-related pulmonary diseases or a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to the immunosuppressive medications. We present a patient with intermittent chest pain and hypoxic respiratory failure who was found to have balsalazide-induced pneumonitis. We discuss the treatment and long-term outlook. Read More

Eur J Clin Invest 2020 Apr 20:e13242. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.

Background: Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (sKL-6) is an high-molecular-weight (200 kDa) glycoprotein predominantly expressed by damaged alveolar type II cells, and it has been proposed as a potential biomarker of different ILD. This is a prognostic biomarker for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), two diseases that share several clinical and radiological features. Little data are available on the potential role of KL-6 in granulomatous and cystic interstitial lung diseases, including the orphan disease known as pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). Read More

Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020 Jul 17;28(7):917-923. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Objective: Flavocoxid is a prescription medical food used to manage osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms. Safety concerns based on case reports raised an association with acute liver injury and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We determined incidence rates (IR) of these safety events in a cohort of new users of flavocoxid and prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Read More

Clin Immunol 2020 Jun 17;215:108424. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease, characterized by lung inflammation (non-fibrotic HP) that may often progresses to fibrosis (Fibrotic HP). The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) can be found as soluble (sol) and transmembrane (tm) forms, playing pro-inflammatory functions but also has been related to immune regulatory functions. Bronchioalveolar lavage from fibrotic and non-fibrotic HP patients was obtained, and immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry, whereas soluble proteins were analyzed by ELISA. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2020 ;1244:255-269

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Checkpoint inhibitors are part of the family of immunotherapies and are increasingly being used in a wide variety of cancers. Immune-related adverse events pose a major challenge in the treatment of cancer patients. Pneumonitis is a rare immune-related adverse event that presents in distinct patterns. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 Jun 23;22(3):e13293. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV). The disease occurs in the setting of significant immunocompromise and has now been reported in many different settings, although only very rarely after lung transplantation. The mortality rate is high and therapeutic options are limited. Read More

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, 55973, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.

Background: In a proportion of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, biological and environmental factors sustaining inflammation are ill-defined, resulting in no effective treatment option. Bioaerosols found in occupational settings are complex and often include Toll-like receptor ligands, such as endotoxins. How Toll-like receptor ligands contribute to the persistence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, however, remains poorly understood. Read More

Allergy 2020 Apr 12. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.

Women's work has traditionally been considered less hazardous to health in comparison with men's work. The increased women's participation in the workforce has led to an increased attention to women's working conditions. Women and men are unequally represented in individual professions or sectors (horizontal segregation), with women also under-represented in leadership positions (vertical segregation). Read More

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020 Apr 12;41(2):214-228. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.

This review provides an updated approach to the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The importance of using a multidisciplinary discussion to increase diagnostic and treatment confidence is emphasized. The role of Bayesian reasoning is highlighted throughout, underscoring the importance of hypothesis generation (differential diagnosis) and diagnostic test interpretation based on the probability of HP. Read More

Rev Mal Respir 2020 May 8;37(5):389-398. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Service de pneumologie, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny, France; INSERM 1272 « Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie », Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France.

Few studies have examined the effects of air pollution in diffuse interstitial lung disease and they have focused on small numbers of patients. Most data are available in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and studies suggest that the level of exposure to pollutants may influence the development of acute exacerbations (ozone and NO), their incidence (NO), decline in respiratory function (PM) and death (PM and PM). Several studies show an increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in people living near busy roads. Read More

Eur Respir J 2020 Apr 7. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

Background: The role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) lymphocyte% to diagnose chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of BAL lymphocyte% in the diagnosis of CHP.

Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane library from inception to August 2019. Read More

Respir Investig 2020 Jul 4;58(4):285-290. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: The diagnosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHP) is often based on the pathology, but evidence is scarce that a pathological diagnosis of CHP may mislead the multidisciplinary diagnosis.

Method: We enrolled patients from the consultation case archive whose pathological findings were suggestive of CHP but had a multidisciplinary diagnosis of non-CHP. The histopathological slides were sent to another pathologist, and the ones confirmed with CHP were sent for an additional multidisciplinary discussion (MDD). Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2020 Mar 31. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.

Background/objective: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) may involve the kidney, respiratory tract, skin, or central and peripheral nervous system. Reports of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in AAV (AAV-ILD) have been increasing.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with AAV-ILD between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, and compared their pulmonary involvement to patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Read More