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South Med J 2022 Jul;115(7):435-440

From the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; Beyhekim Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey, and the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.

Objectives: Patients who develop cytokine storm while they have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience more severe symptoms. This article aims to evaluate the effect of biochemical parameters on the clinical course of the disease in patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) due to cytokine storm.

Methods: Medical documents of patients with COVID-19 were searched retrospectively. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Interdisciplinary Research Department, University Center ICESP, Brasília, Brazil.

Background: Magnesium abnormalities have been associated with adverse kidney outcomes and mortality in critically ill patients, however, this association remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the association of magnesium abnormalities at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with kidney outcomes (i.e. Read More

Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022 May;11(2):81-83

Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

An urgent need of therapy exists for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) refractory treatment has failed. We investigated the role of intravesical magnesium sulfate (MgSO) therapy in the management of BCG refractory T1 high grade (G3) NMIBC. Between January 2018 and July 2021, we performed a prospective trial enrolling participants with T1 G3 NMIBC refractory in BCG therapy. Read More

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Objective: To evaluate possible interactions of magnesium sulfate-the drug of choice in the management of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia-in response to a few case reports that revealed maternal electrolyte disturbances, especially symptomatic changes, following magnesium sulfate administration in pre-eclampsia.

Methods: Prospectively, women with pre-eclampsia were given 4 g of intravenous magnesium sulfate followed by a 2 g/h infusion up to 24 h after delivery. Sequential blood samples were drawn from each patient and used to measure the serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022 ;122(5):118-122

Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.

Supplementation of various substances (metabolites, microelements, vitamins) is sometimes recommended without sufficient indications. To decide whether a supplementation is needed, the question should be answered whether there is a deficiency, and if there is, if it can be compensated by diet. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, certain metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2022 May;70(5):11-12

Research Consultant, Poona Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra.

Background: Many studies found that only hypomagnesemia, but not hypermagnesemia is linked with increased mortality. However, reports of mortality due to magnesium dysregulation in the critical care setting are controversial.

Objectives: To study serum magnesium levels in critically ill patients on admission in intensive care unit (ICU) and its correlation with patient's need and duration for ventilator support, duration of ICU stay, incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and mortality Methods: Two hundred forty six critically ill patients admitted in ICU with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores>10, were included for this prospective observational study. Read More

Nutrients 2022 Apr 25;14(9). Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential micronutrient that participates in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main aim was to assess the Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in seventeen cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The serum Mg and calcium (Ca) levels were determined using standardized methods and the dietary Mg intake by prospective 72 h dietary surveys. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2022 5;9:783874. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.

Background: Diuresis following relief of urethral obstruction is a potentially life-threatening complication of feline urethral obstruction. Evidence regarding the incidence of post-obstructive diuresis (POD) in cats is scarce. Establishing historical, physical examination, and initial clinicopathologic variables associated with risk for developing POD may better enable clinicians to direct treatment for this common feline emergency and to educate clients regarding financial expectations. Read More

Data Brief 2022 Jun 14;42:108177. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, United States.

Atrial arrhythmias (AA) are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with limited data on their association with COVID-19 infection, clinical and imaging outcomes. In the related research article using retrospective research data from one quaternary care and five community hospitals, patients aged 18 years and above with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test were included. 6927 patients met the inclusion criteria. Read More

Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2022 26;31(2):77-80. Epub 2021 Dec 26.

Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Maternal use of magnesium sulfate has been associated with neonatal hypocalcemia and bone changes. We report the case of a preterm male infant who presented hypercalcemia before developing hypocalcemia after maternal magnesium sulfate therapy. Magnesium sulfate was used for premature rupture of membranes for 32 days, and the patient was delivered at 33 weeks gestation. Read More

Clin Biochem 2022 Jul-Aug;105-106:1-15. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Labortory Medicine Program, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, essential for physiological processes and is the electrolyte with levels commonly deranged in critically ill patients. These derangements of magnesium imbalance can go unnoticed and result in poor clinical outcomes, requiring both worthy attention to abnormal values and accurate tools and methods to measure magnesium reliably. At present, clinical laboratories employ various methodologies for measuring magnesium in blood and urine. Read More

Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Neonatology, Department of Women and Children, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal.

Background: One of the possible adverse outcomes of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration for preterm fetal neuroprotection is hypermagnesemia in the newborn. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between antenatal MgSO4 administration for neuroprotection and neonatal serum magnesium levels in the first days of life.

Methods: A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted on preterm neonates born in our institution between January 2017 and December 2019. Read More

Kidney360 2021 07 17;2(7):1087-1094. Epub 2021 May 17.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Background: Although electrolyte abnormalities are common among patients with COVID-19, very little has been reported on magnesium homeostasis in these patients. Here we report the incidence of hypermagnesemia, and its association with outcomes among patients admitted with COVID-19.

Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients with a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 who were admitted to a large quaternary care center in New York City in spring 2020. Read More

J Trop Pediatr 2022 02;68(2)

Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Magnesium is a less frequently monitored electrolyte in critically ill patients. Hypomagnesemia is associated with increased need for mechanical ventilation, mortality and prolonged ICU stay. The present study was undertaken to identify the proportion of children with abnormal magnesium levels and correlate it with disease outcome. Read More

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022 Mar 3;82(3):326-332. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

To evaluate the association of serum electrolytes with disease severity and obstetric complications in pregnant women with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This prospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19. Study population was divided into two groups: 1) Mild COVID-19 group (n = 811) and 2) Moderate/severe COVID-19 group (n = 52). Read More

Magnes Res 2021 Nov;34(4):159-165

Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China.

To investigate the association between abnormal serum magnesium levels and the prognosis of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1381 elderly patients with CAP in the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao between January 2015 and December 2018. Serum magnesium concentrations in the range of 0. Read More

Dis Markers 2022 27;2022:3893653. Epub 2022 Jan 27.

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.

Objective: The effect of serum magnesium on the prognosis of children with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is unclear. This study was designed to assess the risk of inpatient mortality for children with sepsis in the PICU based on serum magnesium levels at admission.

Methods: We collected patients' clinical information from the Pediatric Intensive Care database and then performed locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the relationship between admission serum magnesium and inpatient mortality in children with sepsis. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2022 Jan 27. Epub 2022 Jan 27.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) is a common clinical problem in preterm infants often caused by some neonatal disorders and drugs, including antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO ).

Objective: To evaluate the association between hypermagnesemia at birth and FI in preterm infants during the first 72 h of life.

Method: This was a cohort study conducted with preterm infants aged <34 weeks' gestation. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2022 May 25;26(5):379-384. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Department of Inter-Organ Communication Research in Kidney Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.

Increasing evidence has suggested a clinical relevance of magnesium in the context of vascular calcification and mortality among patients with CKD. Hypomagnesemia is not rare among non-dialysis CKD patients despite their decreased glomerular filtration rates; the prevalence rate was about 15% even in CKD stages G4 and G5. Among several potential causes of hypomagnesemia, tubular dysfunction/interstitial fibrosis may play a pivotal role in the development of hypomagnesemia in CKD, which impairs tubular magnesium reabsorption. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 04 14;33(4):699-717. Epub 2022 Jan 14.

Clinical Physiology/Division of Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Background: The tight junction proteins claudin-2 and claudin-10a form paracellular cation and anion channels, respectively, and are expressed in the proximal tubule. However, the physiologic role of claudin-10a in the kidney has been unclear.

Methods: To investigate the physiologic role of claudin-10a, we generated claudin-10a-deficient mice, confirmed successful knockout by Southern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining, and analyzed urine and serum of knockout and wild-type animals. Read More

Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2022 Feb;11(2):148-159

Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433, France.

Aims: Magnesium changes are common in myocardial infarction (MI) complicated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and/or heart failure (HF). The relation between serum magnesium and clinical outcomes is insufficiently elucidated in this population.

Methods And Results: The EPHESUS trial randomized 6632 patients to either eplerenone or placebo. Read More

Nephrology (Carlton) 2022 06 28;27(6):541-542. Epub 2021 Nov 28.

Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 Nov 15;11(11). Epub 2021 Nov 15.

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Background: The objectives of this study were to classify patients with serum magnesium derangement on hospital admission into clusters using unsupervised machine learning approach and to evaluate the mortality risks among these distinct clusters.

Methods: Consensus cluster analysis was performed based on demographic information, principal diagnoses, comorbidities, and laboratory data in hypomagnesemia (serum magnesium ≤ 1.6 mg/dL) and hypermagnesemia cohorts (serum magnesium ≥ 2. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Nov;100(45):e27486

Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238# Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

Background: Some studies have found that hypomagnesemia is associated with vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, which may lead to increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who need to maintain hemodialysis (HD). However, the conclusion of these studies remain controversial.

Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from the database of Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI until December 2020, without any language restrictions. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2022 05 26;37(5):1157-1165. Epub 2021 Oct 26.

Division of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Background: The prevalence of magnesium imbalance in critically ill children is very high. However, its significance in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality remains unknown.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study from 2010 to 2018, the pediatric-specific intensive care database was analyzed. Read More

J Ren Nutr 2022 01 11;32(1):8-9. Epub 2021 Oct 11.

Professor, Section Chief, Nephrology Fellowship Program Director, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV.

J Investig Med 2022 02 27;70(2):409-414. Epub 2021 Sep 27.

Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Early studies have reported various electrolyte abnormalities at admission in patients with severe COVID-19. 104 out of 193 patients admitted to our institution presented with hypermagnesemia at presentation. It is believed this may be important in the evaluation of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Read More

Magnes Res 2021 May;34(2):64-73

Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No.258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei Province, PR China.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between hospital-acquired dysmagnesemia and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on critically ill patients who had normal serum magnesium levels on admission. Data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III database. Read More

J Pediatr Health Care 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):564-571

Pediatric patients may require magnesium replacement to treat life-threatening emergencies such as torsades de pointe or asthma exacerbations, as well as for the general replacement of magnesium in patients with hypomagnesemia. Clinicians must be aware of recommendations for magnesium administration as the route, dose, timing of administration, and formulation of magnesium can differ for each indication. It is imperative for clinicians to ensure that magnesium is appropriately administered to effectively treat the presenting indication and avoid adverse effects. Read More

PLoS One 2021 28;16(6):e0247542. Epub 2021 Jun 28.

College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.

Intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used in equine practice to treat hypomagnesemia, dysrhythmias, neurological disorders, and calcium dysregulation. MgSO4 is also used as a calming agent in equestrian events. Hypercalcemia affects calcium-regulating hormones, as well as plasma and urinary electrolytes; however, the effect of hypermagnesemia on these variables is unknown. Read More