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Blood Purif 2019 Apr 3;47 Suppl 2:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan,

Background/aims: Although hypomagnesemia was found to be a risk for cardiovascular diseases in the general population, the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels and prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has not been extensively studied. This study sought to determine the relationship of serum Mg levels with aortic arch calcification (AoAC) and mortality in Japanese MHD patients.

Methods: We measured serum Mg levels in a cohort of 392 patients on MHD, classified the patients into 3 groups according to these levels, and followed their course for 4 years. Read More

J Nephrol 2019 Mar 19. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.

Background: Previous studies reported that magnesium deficiency was associated with vascular calcifications, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, which might play an independent pathogenic role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, the results of these studies were somewhat underpowered and inconclusive.

Methods: Literature was identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Read More

J Pharm Health Care Sci 2019 13;5. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

1Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507 Japan.

Background: Magnesium oxide (MgO), an antacid and laxative, is widely used in Japan to treat constipation and peptic ulcers. Because serum Magnesium (Mg) levels are elevated in elderly and/or patients with renal failure, its periodic monitoring is recommended for patients prescribed MgO, in order to prevent MgO-induced hypermagnesemia. However, there is little information regarding the factors contributing to the development of MgO-induced hypermagnesemia. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):735-739

Department of Biochemistry, GGS Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the main regulator of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, and potassium homeostasis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between PTH and aforementioned minerals in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate serum intact parathormone (iPTH) and other biochemical parameters in ESRD patients and to find correlation between serum iPTH and biochemical parameters in the study group. Read More

Pflugers Arch 2019 Apr 6;471(4):619-631. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Magnesium (Mg) abnormalities during sepsis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms during acute inflammation are poorly understood. We hypothesized that a decrease in GFR and/or changes in transporters or channels for Mg could be responsible for the observed Mg abnormalities. Therefore, we studied the metabolism of Mg in a murine model of endotoxemia. Read More

Blood Purif 2019 30;47 Suppl 1:1-7. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clearance of magnesium (Mg) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and its influencing factors.

Methods: The demographic information, clinical characteristics and laboratory data of the patients were collected. According to the corrected serum Mg (cS-Mg) concentration, patients were divided into 3 groups including hypomagnesemia (Mg2+ < 0. Read More

J Feline Med Surg 2019 Jan 29:1098612X18823588. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Objectives: Magnesium has been 'the forgotten ion' for many years. Over the past decade, however, the role of magnesium in essential physiological functions and several illness conditions have been elucidated. Nevertheless, the investigation of magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis is yet to be determined. Read More

Pflugers Arch 2019 Jan 26. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstr. 17, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are elevated in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The consequences on renal Ca, Mg, and P regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury alters the expression of important renal Ca, Mg, and P transport proteins. Read More

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2018 Dec 18;46(6):370-379. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and etiology of an increased concentration of ionized magnesium (iMg) in dogs and to evaluate its prognostic relevance.

Materials And Methods: From April 2009 to December 2013, serum electrolytes were measured in 9950 dogs using an ion-selective electrode. Inclusion criterion was an iMg concentration ≥ 0. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 27;18(1):698. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

The Rappaport's Faculty of Medicine, The Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel.

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common illness affecting hundreds of millions worldwide. Few studies have investigated the relationship between serum magnesium levels and outcomes of these patients. We aimed to study the association between serum magnesium levels and 30-day mortality among patients with CAP. Read More

Intern Med 2019 Apr 18;58(8):1123-1126. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Japan.

A 79-year-old Japanese woman presented with consciousness disturbance, hypercalcemia, and hypermagnesemia. She had rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Three months before admission, she was treated with oral calcitriol for osteoporosis. Read More

Caspian J Intern Med 2018 ;9(4):413-415

Department of Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, USA.

Background: Generally, it is very rare for clinically significant hypermagnesemia to develop in an individual with normal renal functions as the renal handling of serum magnesium is a very potent process and it has the capacity, under conditions of hypermagnesemia, to completely block Mg (magnesium) reabsorption from the thick ascending limb of Henle. Therefore, hypermagnesemia usually arises in the setting of renal failure.

Case Presentation: We present a very rare case of a 40-year-old African American obese female with prior normal renal functions, who presented post-cardiac arrest following accidental overdose of Epsom salt. Read More

Am J Kidney Dis 2019 Mar 25;73(3):425-428. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Hypokalemia of renal origin can arise from genetic abnormalities in a variety of transporters or channel proteins that mediate tubular handling of potassium. Recently, mutations in claudin 10 have been documented in patients with hypokalemia in association with a range of other electrolyte abnormalities and skin and sweat gland manifestations. We report a 12-year-old Hispanic boy who presented with anhydrosis, aptyalism, alacrima, hypokalemia, and hypocalciuria, in whom we detected a homozygous mutation in the claudin 10 gene. Read More

Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018 09;18(9):1420-1421

Department of Internal Medicine, Aino Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Acta Clin Belg 2018 Sep 17:1-7. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

a Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium.

Introduction: Magnesium is an essential element which also has pleiotropic effects in humans. Recent studies have altered our interpretation of a disturbed magnesium balance both leading to hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia.

Methods: a narrative review of their clinical relevance is presented. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2019 02 22;8(1):31-37. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.

Hypermagnesemia is generally considered an exceptional iatrogenic condition usually caused by magnesium-containing cathartics. In particular, this condition often develops when magnesium-containing cathartics are administered to elderly patients with renal insufficiency or bowel movement dysfunction. Although magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely prescribed as a laxative, serum magnesium concentration has not been examined in most cases. Read More

Contrib Nephrol 2018 24;196:58-63. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Background: Despite the prognostic significance of mineral and bone disorders in patients undergoing hemodialysis, very few studies have focused on magnesium metabolism in this population. Nephrologists have paid much attention to hypermagnesemia, which is sometimes caused by magnesium administration, but the clinical implication of low magnesium has been largely overlooked. Recently, several cohort studies have reported that lower serum magnesium levels are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among hemodialysis patients. Read More

Acute Med Surg 2018 Jul 21;5(3):222-229. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Department of Nephrology Kurashiki Central Hospital Kurashiki Japan.

Aim: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients who presented with severe hypermagnesemia and subsequently underwent emergency hemodialysis.

Methods: We investigated the age, gender, complications, clinical symptoms, causal drugs, electrocardiogram findings, and laboratory data of 15 patients.

Results: Magnesium oxide had been administered in all cases and 14 patients were over 65 years old. Read More

Nutr Rev 2018 Jul;76(7):526-538

Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.

The negative health effects of inadequate magnesium intake are well established, but the extent of the problem of deficiency warrants further exploration. This review explores the dietary factors, such as changes in agricultural practices and dietary patterns, that affect magnesium consumption over time and examines the current adequacy of magnesium intake among adults in the United States. Large, cross-sectional, population-based data sets confirm over half the adult population in the United States does not consume adequate amounts of magnesium, although recent population-based studies show a steady and consistent recovery in magnesium consumption over the last several decades. Read More

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018 May;25(3):291-295

Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

This article explores the effects of CKD and end-stage kidney disease on magnesium balance. In CKD, there is decreased glomerular filtration of magnesium. Decreased tubular reabsorption can compensate to a degree, but once CKD stage 4 is reached there is a tendency toward hypermagnesemia. Read More

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018 May;25(3):267-273

Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; and Division of Transplantation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

As with other electrolytes, magnesium homeostasis depends on the balance between gastrointestinal absorption and kidney excretion. Certain drugs used commonly in patients with CKD can decrease gastrointestinal ingestion and kidney reclamation, and potentially cause hypomagnesemia. Other magnesium-containing drugs such as laxatives and cathartics can induce hypermagnesemia, particularly in those with impaired glomerular filtration and magnesium excretion. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jul 27;32(4):1359-1371. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Hypomagnesemia is associated with increased mortality and renal function decline in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium is furthermore inversely associated with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), an important prognostic factor in CKD in cats. However, the prognostic significance of plasma magnesium in cats with CKD is unknown. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2018 Apr 12;355(4):390-395. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare System, New Orleans, Louisiana.. Electronic address:

We report a case of fatal hypermagnesemia in a 53-year-old woman admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with a history of chronic constipation treated regularly with magnesium-containing laxatives. On admission, her magnesium level was 2.0mg/dL, which rose to a peak of 10. Read More

Support Care Cancer 2018 Aug 5;26(8):2809-2814. Epub 2018 Mar 5.

Department of Clinical & Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 1120 15th Street, HM 104, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.

Purpose: Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients often require intravenous (IV) magnesium repletion due to poor dietary intake, gastrointestinal loss, and use of concomitant magnesium wasting medications. Prolonging the IV magnesium infusion rate has been postulated to reduce renal clearance and improve retention; however, limited evidence supports this hypothesis.

Methods: We reviewed autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients (n = 82) who received IV magnesium at our institution between 2014 and 2016: 41 patients received IV magnesium at a prolonged rate of 0. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2018 02 13;18(1):55. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Division of Neonatology, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.

Background: Neonatal nonoliguric hyperkalemia (NOHK) is a metabolic abnormality that occurs in extremely premature neonates at approximately 24 h after birth and is mainly due to the immature functioning of the sodium (Na)/potassium (K) pump. Magnesium sulfate is frequently used in obstetrical practice to prevent preterm labor and to treat preeclampsia; this medication can also cause hypermagnesemia and hyperkalemia by a mechanism that is different from that of NOHK. Herein, we report the first case of very early-onset neonatal hyperkalemia induced by maternal hypermagnesemia. Read More

J Crit Care 2018 04 11;44:419-423. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Intensive Care Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Intravenous magnesium is routinely administered in intensive care units (ICU) to treat arrhythmias after cardiothoracic surgery. There are no data on the pharmacokinetics of continuous magnesium infusion therapy.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of continuous magnesium infusion, focusing on serum and urinary magnesium concentration, volume of distribution and half-life. Read More

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018 May 16;62(5):648-657. Epub 2018 Jan 16.

Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate if magnesium deviations correlate with higher 180 day overall mortality or increased morbidity, compared to controls.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 5369 patients with 22,003 magnesium values treated at the Adult Intensive Care Unit at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden during 2006-2014. The patients were retrospectively divided into a control group with only normal magnesium values 0. Read More

Blood Purif 2018 14;45(1-3):110-117. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

Background/aims: Both hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, bone diseases, and mortality in dialysis patients. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and influencing factors for abnormal serum Mg levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: A cross-sectional study in Peking University People's Hospital recorded the demographic information, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2018 Jun 7;22(3):620-628. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, San Giovanni Regional Hospital, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Background: Ionized Magnesium (ion-Mg) represents the active biological fraction of the serum magnesium content. The assessment of total serum Mg (tot-Mg) might not accurately identify patients with hypo-or hyper-magnesaemie. In hemodialysis, serum tot-Mg levels in the upper part of the distribution, have been associated with reduced mortality and fewer vascular calcifications; thus, resulting in the tendency to increase the Mg concentration in the dialysate, traditionally set at 0. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2018 Mar 30;29(3):991-999. Epub 2017 Nov 30.

Committee of Renal Data Registry, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Tokyo, Japan.

Magnesium is an essential mineral for bone metabolism. However, little is known about the relationship between magnesium and the risk of fractures. In this cohort study, we elucidated the association between serum magnesium level and the risk of incident hip fracture among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Read More

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018 Feb 27;13(2):274-281. Epub 2017 Nov 27.

Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and.

Background And Objectives: Circulating levels of anions that bind to magnesium and calcium are often altered in patients with CKD. However, it is unknown how these alterations affect the ionized fraction of magnesium and calcium.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This cross-sectional study involved patients on maintenance hemodialysis and patients not on dialysis who visited the outpatient department of nephrology. Read More

Kidney Int 2018 03 10;93(3):580-588. Epub 2017 Nov 10.

Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address:

The tight junction proteins claudin-10 and -16 are crucial for the paracellular reabsorption of cations along the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in the kidney. In patients, mutations in CLDN16 cause familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, while mutations in CLDN10 impair kidney function. Mice lacking claudin-16 display magnesium and calcium wasting, whereas absence of claudin-10 results in hypermagnesemia and interstitial nephrocalcinosis. Read More

BMC Anesthesiol 2017 Oct 17;17(1):140. Epub 2017 Oct 17.

Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, USA.

Sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, has changed clinical practice of neuromuscular reversal dramatically. With the introduction of this selective relaxant binding agent, rapid and reliable neuromuscular reversal from any depth of block became possible. Sugammadex can reverse neuromuscular blockade without the muscarinic side effects typically associated with the administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Read More

Hemodial Int 2018 01 10;22(1):E6-E10. Epub 2017 Aug 10.

First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and inflammatory thrombotic state. Intravascular hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) can lead to acute and chronic renal injury through hemoglobin-mediated toxicity. A 32-year-old pregnant woman with myelodysplastic syndrome was admitted to our hospital with severe preeclampsia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Mar 21;2017. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

We report a case of hypermagnesemia associated with the use of milk of magnesia in a male patient with end-stage renal disease. After experiencing nausea and vomiting, he developed severe bradycardia and then asystole. Resuscitation efforts were successful; however, he developed atrial fibrillation with severe widening of the QRS and diffuse ST elevation, hypothermia, hypotension and apnoea requiring intubation. Read More

J Emerg Med 2017 May 17;52(5):741-743. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

UT Health Science Center at Houston-McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas.

Background: Hypermagnesemia is rare and usually iatrogenic. Due to decreased renal function, older patients are generally more susceptible to hypermagnesemia than are younger patients. Because it is not one of the commonly assessed electrolytes in the blood work panel of patients, high levels are usually missed. Read More

Inflammopharmacology 2017 Aug 16;25(4):439-449. Epub 2017 Feb 16.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.

Aim: Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, administered before a high-dose magnesium injection in rats, might be a useful peptide therapy against magnesium toxicity and the magnesium-induced effect on cell depolarization. Moreover, this might be an NO-system-related effect. Previously, BPC 157 counteracts paralysis, arrhythmias and hyperkalaemia, extreme muscle weakness; parasympathetic and neuromuscular blockade; injured muscle healing and interacts with the NOS-blocker and NOS-substrate effects. Read More

Yakugaku Zasshi 2017 05 26;137(5):581-587. Epub 2017 Jan 26.

Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets are widely used as laxatives in patients with constipation. Recently, the "Revision of Precautions on the Use of Magnesium Oxide" has been issued by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, warning against the risk of hypermagnesemia with the use of MgO. However, the majority of physicians continue to administer MgO for constipation without adequately considering its safe use. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 Dec;95(50):e5406

aSection for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok bDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok cDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University dCardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand eDepartment of Internal Medicine "F", Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel), Zerifin, Israel fCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.

Background: Low serum magnesium (Mg) has been independently shown to increase risk of heart failure (HF), but data on the association between serum Mg concentration and the outcome of patients with HF are conflicting. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prognostic effects of hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia on cardiovascular (CV) mortality and all-cause mortality (ACM) of patients with HF.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified from Medline and Scopus databases. Read More

Curr Opin Pediatr 2017 Apr;29(2):187-198

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Magnesium (Mg) imbalances are frequently overlooked. Hypermagnesemia usually occurs in preeclamptic women after Mg therapy or in end-stage renal disease patients, whereas hypomagnesemia is more common with a prevalence of up to 15% in the general population. Increasing evidence points toward a role for mild-to-moderate chronic hypomagnesemia in the pathogenesis of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2016 Nov-Dec;27(6):1162-1167

Department of Medicine A (M8); Laboratory of Kidney Pathology (LR00SP01), Charles Nicolle Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

A phosphate binder combining calcium and magnesium offers an interesting therapeutic option to control hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. We investigated the effectiveness and tolerance of calcium acetate-magnesium carbonate (Ca-Mg). This is a 16-week prospective study including 16 dialysis patients. Read More

Blood Purif 2017 23;43(1-3):31-36. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

Department of Blood Purification, Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background And Aim: The study aimed to investigate the potential contributing effect of serum magnesium on mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: The patients receiving regular MHD in March 2013 were involved. Baseline data including clinical data, anthropometrics and biochemical measurement were collected. Read More

Am J Med 2017 02 14;130(2):229.e5-229.e13. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Electronic address:

Background: Although electrolyte disturbances may affect cardiac action potential, little is known about the association between serum magnesium and corrected QT (QTc) interval as well as clinical outcomes.

Methods: A consecutive 8498 patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic Hospital-Rochester cardiac care unit (CCU) from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2013 with 2 or more documented serum magnesium levels, were studied to test the hypothesis that serum magnesium levels are associated with in-hospital mortality, sudden cardiac death, and QTc interval.

Results: Patients were 67 ± 15 years; 62. Read More

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016 09;26(7):1320-6

*Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The West Clinic; and †Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for hypomagnesemia in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery by a gynecologic oncologist.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients undergoing surgery for gynecologic pathology from July 2011 to July 2015 by a single surgeon. Demographic data, surgical indication, surgery performed, preoperative laboratory values, postoperative laboratory values, and medical history were examined. Read More

Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016 09;9(9)

From the Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, NY (B.R., G.H.G., A.B.C.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City (Z.S.); Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA (D.N.); and Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Great Lakes Cardiology P.C., Buffalo, NY (A.B., C.H.K., D.F.S.).

Background: Low serum magnesium (Mg) levels are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Some studies have shown a benefit of Mg in facilitating pharmacological cardioversion. The role of an intravenous infusion of Mg alone in facilitating electric cardioversion is not clear. Read More

Minerva Pediatr 2016 Oct;68(5):384-5

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Adnan Menderes University Medical School, Aydın, Turkey -

Chudoku Kenkyu 2016 Mar;29(1):26-9

A 54-year-old female experienced rapid respiratory failure while being transported in an ambulance to our emergency department for evaluation and management of constipation and abdominal pain. The patient was on treatment with distigmine bromide for postoperative urination disorder and magnesium oxide for constipation. Increased salivary secretions, diminished respiratory excursion, type 2 respiratory failure (PaCO2 : 65 mmHg), low serum cholinesterase, and hypermagnesemia were detected. Read More

Sci Rep 2016 05 23;6:26341. Epub 2016 May 23.

Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.

Mg and its alloys have been considered as one of the most promising biodegradable medical devices, but it was still unclear whether hypermagnesemia involved health risks would occur in persons with kidney disease due to their deteriorated kidney function for Mg ions excretion from their body. In this study, we established a chronic renal failure (CRF) model in rats induced by adenine administration prior to Mg implantation, aiming to predict if CRF patients are suitable for the use of Mg implants. The results showed that Mg levels in serum, urine, feces and internal organs had no significant changes after Mg implantation for both normal and CRF rats. Read More

QJM 2016 Jul 24;109(7):453-459. Epub 2016 Mar 24.

From the 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cooperstown, NY, USA.

Background: Reports of mortality due to magnesium dysregulation in the critical care setting are controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between hypomagnesemia and mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods: Eligible studies assessing the association between hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia and mortality in the critical care setting were comprehensively searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inception to September 2015. Read More