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J Med Cases 2020 Dec 21;11(12):400-402. Epub 2020 Oct 21.

Deparment of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Liv Hospital ULUS, Istanbul, Turkey.

Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HESs) are a group of disorders characterized by pathological proliferation of eosinophils. Diagnostic criteria include eosinophil count of 1,500/mm or higher, presence of organ involvement and exclusion of other causes of eosinophilia for at least 6 months. A 69-year-old male patient was referred to the pandemic clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with fever and dyspnea. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine.

A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to cerebral infarction in the pons and the right putamen. On admission (day 3 from symptom onset), laboratory testing showed a white blood cell count of 13,100/μl with hypereosinophilia of 3,734/μl. As deep vein thrombosis was detected on contrast-enhanced CT, we started anticoagulation therapy. Read More

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr 18. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Hypereosinophilia (HE), defined by blood eosinophils > 1.5 ? 109/L persisting over one month, is commonly found in clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to explore etiologies, clinical characteristics, and outcome of HE. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Faculty of medecine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.

J Vet Cardiol 2021 Mar 17;35:55-62. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Cardiopulmonary and Internal Medicine Service, Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.

An 11-year-old domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of dry cough of 1-week duration and cardiomegaly. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, and eosinophils were identified as the predominant cell type in fluid collected by pericardiocentesis. Thoracic computed tomography imaging and bronchoscopy were supportive of mild lower airway disease, while bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed eosinophilic inflammation and concurrent Mycoplasma felis infection. Read More

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 Jun 27;76:101643. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address:

The World Health Organization has categorized toxocarosis as a neglected tropical disease despite its significant impact on high-risk groups such as children. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence, risk factors, and clinical symptoms of Toxocara spp. infection among children 3-15 years old in northern Iran. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2021 Jan-Apr;14(1):249-255. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare disease which is diagnosed after excluding other conditions. The syndrome is characterized by multiple organ involvement including the heart, nervous system, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. The disease is suspected if there is peripheral blood eosinophilia and no clear etiology. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 18;11(1):6388. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

National Reference Center for Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, CEREO, France.

Eosinophils have widespread procoagulant effects. Eosinophilic cardiovascular toxicity mostly consists of endomyocardial damage or eosinophilic vasculitis, while reported cases of venous thrombosis (VT) are scarce. We aimed to report on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with unexplained VT and eosinophilia, and to identify predictors of relapse. Read More

Am J Med Case Rep 2021 3;9(4):241-248. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

Löffler endocarditis is an uncommon, but known complication of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). It is a relatively rare entity, and remains poorly understood. To this point in time, the compendium of knowledge about this disease consists of various case reports, prospective studies and review articles. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e25164

Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.

Rationale: Herein, we report 3 hemodialysis patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome who were successfully treated using corticosteroid therapy.

Patient Concerns: Case 1 was a 63-year-old man who was undergoing hemodialysis because of bilateral nephrectomy and developed hypereosinophilia with digestive symptoms, myocardial injury, and intradialytic hypotension. Case 2 was an 83-year-old man who was undergoing hemodialysis because of nephrosclerosis and developed hypereosinophilia with pruritus, myocardial injury, and intradialytic hypotension. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e25054

Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract: Waterproofing spray-associated pneumonitis (WAP) proceeds to acute respiratory failure and is characterized by diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities on computed tomography; however, the detailed characteristics of WAP are unknown. Therefore, this study identified the characteristics of WAP from comparisons with those of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), which show similar features to WAP.Adult patients with WAP, AEP, and HP treated in Fukujuji Hospital from 1990 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 24;8:627776. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multisystemic disease classified both amongst hypereosinophilic disorders and ANCA-associated vasculitis. Vessel inflammation and eosinophilic proliferation are the hallmarks of the disease and main effectors of organ damage. Two distinct disease phenotypes have classically been described according to ANCA-status: the ANCA-negative subset with eosinophil-driven manifestation and the ANCA-positive one with vasculitic manifestations. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021 Feb 28;51:102871. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by a persistent eosinophilia with a multi-organ involvement including neurological manifestation. A 59-year-old man was referred from a neurosurgery unit with a spastic triparesis with predominant left side involvement, dissociated sensory loss to Th7, and metastasis-like lesions in a brain CT. MRI examination of the thoracic spine revealed an intraspinal T2-hyperintensive lesion with a subtle central gadolinium enhancement at Th4-Th8 level. Read More

J Immunol Methods 2021 Jun 6;493:113015. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.

Background: During eosinophil differentiation, the granule eosinophil major basic protein 1 (eMBP1) is synthesized as a 32-kDa precursor form, referred to as proMBP1, which is processed into the 14-kDa mature form of eMBP1. The prevalence of these two forms of MBP1 in most pathological conditions remains unknown.

Objective: To develop the immunoassays that differentiate mature eMBP1 and proMBP1 and apply them to analyze their levels in biological fluids from patients with eosinophilia and hematologic disorders. Read More

Acta Cardiol 2021 Mar 8:1-3. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Cardiology, CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium.

Caspian J Intern Med 2021 ;12(1):107-110

Department of Cardiology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Loeffler's endocarditis is a rare disease, caused by endocardial involvement of esosinophils, which damages the heart and leads to endomyocardial fibrosis with consequent restrictive cardiomyopathy, mural thrombi or valvular dysfunction. The association between Loeffler's endocarditis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) was also reported. Abnormal elevation of peripheral eosinophil counts in a heart failure patient is a hint of disease. Read More

Am J Nurs 2021 03;121(3):23

Diane S. Aschenbrenner is an assistant professor at Notre Dame of Maryland University in Baltimore. She also coordinates Drug Watch:

Mepolizumab (Nucala) has been approved to treat hypereosinophilic syndrome.Nurses should read the package insert for directions on how to reconstitute and administer the drug subcutaneously. Patient education will be needed regarding use of the autoinjector. Read More

Scand J Immunol 2021 Feb 23:e13032. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Deptment of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.

Over the last century, eosinophils have been regarded ambiguously either as 'friends' or 'foes'. Recent developments have greatly enhanced our understanding of the role and function of eosinophils in health and disease. Pathogenic eosinophilic inflammation can lead to severe diseases in various organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, airways, heart and skin. Read More

Virchows Arch 2021 Feb 12. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.

The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterized by hypereosinophilia and infiltration of various organs with eosinophils. Eosinophilic cystitis (EC), mimicking bladder cancer clinically but also in ultrasound and in radiographic imaging, is one potential manifestation of the HES occurring in adults as well as in children. This case report describes the course of disease in a 57-year-old male presenting with severe gait disorders and symptoms of a low compliance bladder caused by a large retropubic tumor. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 Feb;59(2):131-133

Department of Nephrology , Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Feb 3. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium. Electronic address:

Background: Identification of patients with lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES) is challenging, and has important prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess diagnostic tools for L-HES and to develop evidence-based diagnostic recommendations.

Methods: Biomarkers of T-cell-driven disease were compared between patients with L-HES versus idiopathic HES (I-HES) variants. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2021 Jan 23;2021(1):omaa129. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Hypereosinophilia is defined as persistent eosinophilia (>1.5 × 10/L). Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a term used to describe a group of disorders characterized by sustained hypereosinophilia associated with end-organ damage. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 4;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology which comes under the class of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases with eosinophilia. It is classically characterised by blood and pulmonary eosinophilia, peripheral consolidation on chest radiograph and prompt response to corticosteroid therapy. We report a case of CEP in a 66-year-old man, smoker showing bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with mild peripheral eosinophilia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 4;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, South Holland, The Netherlands

A previously healthy 40-year-old man was referred to our emergency department with pruritic skin lesions and dyspnoea. Laboratory investigation revealed hypereosinophilia. Further diagnostic work-up confirmed the diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (iHES), a rare myeloproliferative disease with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 28;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

A high functioning 74-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus presented to the emergency department with acute anxiety. He was found to have elevated cardiac enzymes and admitted to the cardiology service for investigation. In hospital, he developed an erythematous papular rash, and deteriorated to being somnolent and bedridden. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Jan-Feb;39 Suppl 128(1):11-12. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Coordinating Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, and Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, France.

Artif Organs 2021 Jan 26. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Cardiothoracic Science and Department of Medical Area DAME, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021 Jan 18. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, LAC+USC Medical Center, 1200 N State St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

Purpose: To report the case of a patient presenting with newly diagnosed atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Methods: Observational case report and review of literature.

Patient: A 38-year-old female presented with 3 months of rashes, fevers, arthralgias, and abdominal pain. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Jan 20;9(1):599-600. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.

The typical finding of hypereosinophilic syndrome (Eosinophilic myocarditis) in the delayed enhancement (DE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the "double V" sign, which includes (a) normal myocardium, (b) thickened enhanced endomyocardial layer, and (c) overlying apical thrombus. Corticosteroids may result in significant improvement of myocardial involvement. Read More

Cardiol Young 2021 Jan 25:1-3. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is defined as persistent eosinophilia in the blood for more than 6 months, without any identifiable cause and with end-organ involvement evidence. Cardiac manifestations of HES include heart failure due to restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, intraventricular thrombosis, and coronary artery involvement occurs frequently. In rare instances, coronary ectasia, aneurysms, or dissection can occur and cause morbidity and mortality in these patients. Read More