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World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China. Electronic address:

Background: Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDH) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and affect its outcome significantly. Whether fenestration of the lamina terminalis (FLT) during anterior circulation aneurysm clipping for aSAH can decrease the occurrence of SDH is still controversial.

Methods: Ovid, Pubmed database were retrieved by the following keywords "hydrocephalus" "subarachnoid hemorrhage" "aneurysm" "fenestration" and "lamina terminalis". Read More

Stroke 2019 Feb 19:STROKEAHA118023771. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

From the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. (V.S.B., T.Y.E.A., S.G.A., A.R.P., K.A.L., C.E., J.B., C.M.M., B.G.W., D.S., H.H.B., J.W.).

Background and Purpose- Predicting long-term functional outcomes after intracranial aneurysmal rupture can be challenging. We developed and validated a scoring system-the Southwestern Aneurysm Severity Index-that would predict functional outcomes at 1 year after clipping of ruptured aneurysms. Methods- Ruptured aneurysms treated microsurgically between 2000 and 2014 were included. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

OBJECTIVEChronic ventriculomegaly in the absence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is a known entity in adult hydrocephalus practice. The natural history and indication for treatment is, however, poorly defined. A highly heterogeneous group, some adults with ventriculomegaly are asymptomatic, while others have life-threatening deteriorations. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-5. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

OBJECTIVEWhile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery plays an essential role in the treatment of hydrocephalus, postoperative infection due to the implantation of foreign materials is still one of the most common and potentially serious complications of this procedure. Because no previously reported protocol has been proven to prevent postoperative infection after CSF shunt surgeries in adults, the authors investigated the effectiveness of a protocol introduced in their institution.METHODSA detailed standardized surgical protocol to prevent infection in patients undergoing CSF shunt surgeries was introduced in the authors' institution in December 2011. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 15:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing; and.

OBJECTIVETrapped temporal horn (TTH) is a rare subtype of loculated hydrocephalus that is often managed surgically. The natural history of TTH is not well understood, and there are few data on the outcomes of conservative management of this condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features and outcomes of conservatively and surgically managed cases of TTH. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Feb 15:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Departments of1Pediatrics and.

OBJECTIVECSF shunt infection treatment requires both surgical and antibiotic decisions. Using the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) Registry and 2004 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines that were not proactively distributed to HCRN providers, the authors previously found high adherence to surgical recommendations but poor adherence to intravenous (IV) antibiotic duration recommendations. In general, IV antibiotic duration was longer than recommended. Read More

Cancer 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Posterior fossa ependymoma (PFE) comprises 2 groups, PF group A (PFA) and PF group B (PFB), with stark differences in outcome. However, to the authors' knowledge, the long-term outcomes of PFA ependymoma have not been described fully. The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of survival and neurocognitive outcome in a large consecutive cohort of subgrouped patients with PFE over 30 years. Read More

Neurosurgery 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is used in cases of severe intracranial hypertension or impending intracranial herniation. DC effectively lowers intracranial pressure (ICP) but carries a risk of severe complications related to abnormal ICP and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, eg, hygroma formation, hydrocephalus, and "syndrome of the trephined."

Objective: To study the long-term effect of DC on ICP, postural ICP regulation, and intracranial pulse wave amplitude (PWA). Read More

Curr Drug Targets 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Radiology, Baoji Center Hospital No. 8 Jiang Tan Road, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi. China.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a critical brain disorder in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is accumulated in the brain's ventricles causing damage or disruption of the brain tissues. Amongst various signs and symptoms, difficulty in walking, blurred speech, impaired decision making and critical thinking, and loss of bladder and bowl control are considered the hallmark features of NPH.

Objective: The current review was aimed to present a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of majorly employed neuroimaging techniques for rational diagnosis and effective monitoring of effectiveness of employed therapeutic intervention for NPH. Read More

Curr Drug Targets 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Radiology, Baoji Center Hospital No. 8 Jiang Tan Road, Baoji 721008, Shaanxi. China.

Background: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a critical brain disorder in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is accumulated in the brain's ventricles causing damage or disruption of the brain tissues. Amongst various signs and symptoms, difficulty in walking, blurred speech, impaired decision making and critical thinking, and loss of bladder and bowl control are considered the hallmark features of NPH.

Objective: The current review was aimed to present a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of majorly employed neuroimaging techniques for rational diagnosis and effective monitoring of effectiveness of employed therapeutic intervention for NPH. Read More

Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019 Feb 6;7(1):e00452. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria.

Birth defects are important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. A good understanding of the etiology is a vital step toward developing improved treatment and preventive strategies. We conducted an audit of medical records of newborns with birth abnormalities in a tertiary hospital over a 10-year period, using a Pro forma designed to collect information on obstetric history, antenatal history, sociodemographics of parents, and the type of birth abnormality. Read More

Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2019 Jan 1;14(1):107-113. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Introduction: Selection of the optimal treatment method of intra- and paraventricular tumors often requires histopathological verification that can be obtained by endoscopic biopsy.

Aim: To discuss the usefulness of the method in their own experience.

Material And Methods: The results of 32 biopsies carried out during a 15-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: Pneumoperitoneum after surgical manipulation of the abdomen implies a perforation. Rare cases of non-operated cancer patients, largely with gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers, have been noted to have radiological findings of pneumatosis intestinalis and/or pneumoperitoneum as a complication of molecular-targeted therapy (MTT) without confounding factors for perforation. We present a patient with a cranial malignancy treated with bevacizumab who subsequently manifested with pneumatosis intestinalis. Read More

Prev Med 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

March of Dimes Inc., USA.

The People and Organizations United for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (PUSH!) Global Alliance created scorecards to rate country-level performance on spina bifida, including folate status among women of reproductive age; birth prevalence and mortality associated with spina bifida; prevention strategies; access to care; and the country's engagement in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. A total of 187 countries were examined based on a criteria-based scoring system represented by stars (http://www.pu-sh. Read More

Br J Radiol 2019 Feb 13:20180553. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

1 Department of Radiology, Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital , Takaoka, Toyama , Japan.

Objective:: To clarify the cause of higher water fluctuation of the brain in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), we assessed change in hemodynamic-independent apparent diffusion coefficient during the cardiac cycle (ΔADC) in iNPH.

Methods:: Electrocardiographically synchronized single-shot diffusion echo-planer (b = 0, 500, and 1000  s/mm ) was performed in healthy volunteers, atrophic ventricular dilation group, and iNPH group, respectively. The ΔADC (b = 0  and 1000  s/mm ) and maximum ADC (b = 0  and 500  s/mm ) in the cardiac cycles were measured at the frontal white matter in the brain. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: Implantable shunt devices are critical and life saving for hydrocephalus patients. However, these devices are fraught with high complication rates including scalp dehiscence, exposure, and extrusion. In fact, high shunt valve profiles are correlated with increased complications compared to those with lower profiles. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Small Animal Surgery, Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Several case series and case reports have been published about idiopathic hydrocephalus treatment in dogs and cats using ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS).

Objectives: To determine the risk and type of complications in dogs and cats after VPS placement.

Animals: Sixteen papers were included. Read More

Fluids Barriers CNS 2019 Feb 12;16(1). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, 51 W Palmer ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a subtype of hydrocephalus that occurs more often in the elderly population. It is usually characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence. Epidemiological studies indicate that 15. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.

Background: The diagnostic workup of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can be challenging due to an overlap in symptoms and neuroimaging features with other disorders. Despite a growing interest, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile in iNPH has not yet been identified.

Objective: To determine the CSF biomarkers with the greatest evidence for differentiating iNPH from the most common differential diagnoses, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). Read More

CNS Drugs 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.

Background: Tranexamic acid functions as an antifibrinolytic medication and is widely used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss in menorrhagia and during the perioperative period. The efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing mortaligy and disability, and the occurrence of complications during treatment of cerebral hemorrhage remains controversial.

Objective: The objective of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, aiming to improve the evidence-based medical knowledge of treatment options for such patients. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 of Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of fenestrated AcomA aneurysm and clinical outcome of patients with fenestrated AcomA aneurysm.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients with AcomA aneurysms between January 2013 and December 2017. According to the vascular variations of the AcomA, the patients were divided into two groups: fenestrated AcomA aneurysms and non-fenestrated AcomA aneurysms. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience.

OBJECTIVEThe Computerized General Neuropsychological INPH Test (CoGNIT) provides the clinician and the researcher with standardized and accessible cognitive assessments in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). CoGNIT includes tests of memory, executive functions, attention, manual dexterity, and psychomotor speed. Investigations of the validity and reliability of CoGNIT have been published previously. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-14. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Divisions of1Pediatric Neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVEEmergence of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provides a robust method for gene targeting in a variety of cell types, including fertilized rat embryos. The authors used this method to generate a transgenic rat L1cam knockout model of X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH) with human genetic etiology. The object of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in studying perivascular white matter tract injury in the rat model and to characterize its pathological definition in histology. Read More

Acta Neurol Belg 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.

Objective: Determining clinical and radiological characteristics, complication rates and outcome for patients undergoing posterior fossa decompression (PFD) and duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I).

Methods And Materials: Retrospective, single-university hospital study of all PFDs for CM-I between January 1995 and December 2016.

Results: PFD was performed in 105 patients with CM-I (n = 105), of whom 62 suffered from associated syringomyelia and 37 were pediatric cases. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK; Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address:

Objective: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is frequently required in neurosurgical patients to divert CSF and monitor intracranial pressure. The usual practise is the tunnelled EVD technique performed in operating theatres. EVD insertion through a bolt in intensive care is also described. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019 Feb 28;80(1):1-9. Epub 2018 May 28.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.

 Foramen magnum meningiomas (FMM) are complex lesions because of their proximity to the brain stem and posterior cerebrovasculature. The objective of this study is to report surgical outcomes and complications after resection of FMM.  A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with FMM from 1998 to 2015. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Feb 8:300060519826850. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

1 IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.

Hydrocephalus is one of the lesser known causes of central olfactory loss. The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus involves the olfactory bulbs or tracts, and more rarely, other frontotemporal cortical regions. We describe a case of olfactory dysfunction in a macrocephalic 63-year-old female patient with arrested hydrocephalus. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-3. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

a Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK.

Introduction: Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (VPS) are still the mainstay treatment for hydrocephalus in children. It is generally accepted that VPS failure and infection rates are higher for neonates than for older children. We compared our 1-year failure and infection rates in under 3-month-old children compared with older children in our department. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e14322

Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8555, Japan.

Rationale: Endodermal cysts are rare benign lesions in the central nervous system. Their common symptoms include headache and neck pain caused by mass effect or inflammatory reaction. We report the case of an elderly woman with intracranial endodermal cyst who presented with nonobstructive hydrocephalus. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Comprehensive Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.

Objectives: To investigate which clinical assessments are suitable for differentiating fallers from non-fallers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Medical College Hospital. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.

Hydrocephalus is a rare complication of brain involving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The standard treatment is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting, while ventriculoatrial (VA) shunting is the second option in a case of VP shunt failure in young children. But the presence of port catheter at the right atrium restricts and makes a VA shunt difficult to place in the same atrium. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Pediatric Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Introduction: Among children with hydrocephalus, neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PH) are considered a group with one of the highest complication rates of treatment. Despite continued progress in neonatal care, a standardized and reliable guideline for surgical management is missing for this challenging condition. Thus, further research is warranted to compare common methods of surgical treatment. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Bobble-head doll syndrome is a rare movement disorder that is usually associated with lesions involving the third ventricle. It is characterised by stereotypical rhythmic up-and-down or side-to-side head movements. The pathophysiology and anatomical basis for this unusual manifestation is still a subject of intense scrutiny. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Purpose: To establish some explicit, feasible, and reproducible predictors for CMS.

Materials And Methods: This study was a retrospective case study. Data were obtained from 82 patients with medulloblastoma at a single center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Read More

J Infect Dis 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.

Background: The tryptophan-kynurenine-NAD+ pathway is closely associated with regulation of immune cells toward less inflammatory phenotypes and may exert neuroprotective effects. Investigating its regulation in CNS infections would improve our understanding of pathophysiology and end-organ damage, and, furthermore, open doors to its evaluation as a source of diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: We measured concentrations of kynurenine (Kyn) and tryptophan (Trp) in 220 cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with bacterial and viral (herpes simplex, varicella zoster, enteroviruses) meningitis/encephalitis, neuroborreliosis, autoimmune neuroinflammation (anti-NMDA-R encephalitis, multiple sclerosis), and noninflamed controls (Bell's palsy, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Tourette syndrome). Read More

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2018 ;82(6):59-67

Institute of Computational Technologies, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Endoscopic surgery for obstructive hydrocephalus in children is an alternative to shunts. Currently, the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants up to one year of age is increasingly discussed among neurosurgeons. To increase the efficacy of ETV, many surgeons raise the question: what factors may affect the efficacy of this procedure in the younger age group?

Objective: To study the factors affecting the efficacy of ETV. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 21;12:241-247. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China,

Background: Severe ventriculitis (SV) caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is associated with high morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical patients. This study assessed the outcomes of patients with SV caused by who were treated by intraventricular (IVT) lavage and colistin administration.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with SV caused by who were admitted at the Neurosurgical Department of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from January 2014 to September 2017. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Division of Neonatology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCSS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Standard treatment of neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is cerebrospinal fluid removal. The aim of this study was to assess how much cerebrospinal fluid volume removal, by ventricular reservoir taps, is needed to improve cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Methods: Cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy in four newborns (one term and three preterm) during 28 ventricular reservoir taps. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Feb;23(2):135-141

2Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Prospective multicenter clinical research studies in pediatric hydrocephalus are relatively rare. They cover a broad spectrum of hydrocephalus topics, including management of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants, shunt techniques and equipment, shunt outcomes, endoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus, and prevention and treatment of infection. The research methodologies include randomized trials, cohort studies, and registry-based studies. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Stroke Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Teishinkai Hospital 3-1, Higashi 1, Kita 33, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 065-0033.

Background: Contrary to expectations, some patients with poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) show favorable outcomes. However, the factors predictive of good prognosis are unclear. The purposes of this study were to identify factors related to poor grade SAH and to analyze pre-operative prognostic factors. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: It is well established that inflammation plays critical roles in the progression of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). And recently neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was identified as a predictor for short-term outcome of ICH patients. However, the association of NLR on long-term outcome of patients with ICH remains unrevealed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address:

Background: Hyponatremia in the neonatal population is an uncommon occurrence and can be associated with significant increase in morbidity and mortality. In the neonatal population, it is typically associated with an excess of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and rarely has been found to be associated with hydrocephalus short of being caused by the subsequent treatment of hydrocephalus.

Case: Description: We present a case report of a patient with neonatal hydrocephalus, secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in the setting of prematurity, treated at our institution, in whom sodium levels reached a nadir as head circumference peaked and subsequent treatment of hydrocephalus resolved the associated hyponatremia. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Cranioplasty is an increasingly common procedure performed in neurosurgical centres following a decompressive craniectomy (DC), however, timing of the procedure varies greatly.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes of an early compared to a late cranioplasty procedure.

Methods: Ninety adult patients who underwent a prosthetic cranioplasty between 2014 and 2017 were studied retrospectively. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Valley Fever Center for Excellence and Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Tucson Arizona.

A child developed hydrocephalus. Sixteen months later, it was discovered to be a complication of coccidioidal meningitis. The infection's source was uncertain until genomic analysis of the fungal isolate identified its origin to be a visit to Beeville Texas. Read More

Brain Behav Immun 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States. Electronic address:

Neuroinflammation occurs after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) and induces secondary brain injury. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in infectious diseases via activating IFNAR and its downstream signaling. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Recombinant human IFN-α (rh-IFN-α) and the underlying mechanisms in a rat GMH model. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Radiology of Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, León y Castillo 407, CP 35007, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Background: Negative-pressure hydrocephalus is a rare condition with the development of symptomatic hydrocephalus despite subnormal intracranial pressure (ICP). The etiology remains unclear. Some authors proposed that the differential pressure between the ventricular space and the subarachnoid space (SAS) over cerebral convexity leads to the development of ventriculomegaly, namely as the transmantle pressure theory. Read More

Birth Defects Res 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Selçuk University, Selçuklu Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey.

Background: Additional congenital anomalies have often been found in patients with neural tube defect (NTD). We aimed to find out the clinical features, short term prognosis, treatment approaches, and systemic anomalies of NTD patients in the Konya region.

Method: A total of 186 newborn babies with NTD were retrospectively included in the study and all were assessed in detail for congenital anomalies and clinical features. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, Bremen-Mitte Hospital, Bremen, Germany.

Background:  Insertion of a frontal external ventricular drain (EVD) is a common emergency procedure in neurosurgery. Malpositioning of the EVD and/or triggering a new intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhage (nICVH) are typical complications. The standard procedure (SP) uses a tape measure to identify the Kocher's point for placement of a frontal burr hole. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center at New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY. Electronic address:

Background: Intrathecal (IT), intraventricular (IVt), and intracisternal administration of nicardipine deliver treatment directly into the central nervous system (CNS). This route of drug delivery is being investigated as a potential treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Objective: The authors review the existing literature regarding the direct administration of nicardipine into the intracranial space for the treatment of vasospasm following aSAH. Read More