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Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2020 Jul-Sept.;18(71):223-227

Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.

Background Laryngospasm and agitation during emergence from general anaesthesia are frequent in children. Magnesium sulphate may have the potential of reducing both of these adverse events. In addition, magnesium has analgesic and anaesthetic properties. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 Jun;9(17):4244-4252

Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.

Background: Metastases from pancreas or ampullary malignancies are common, but the spread to testicle and paratesticular tissue is exceedingly rare. To the best of our knowledge, fewer than 30 cases have been reported in the literature. More rarely, metastasis to tunica vaginalis testis occurs without involvement of the testes and epididymis. Read More

Urologia 2021 Jun 9:3915603211022942. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Urology Department, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Introduction: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) of tunica vaginalis is a very rare tumor and it has a poor prognosis. It is not easy to diagnose the disease preoperatively because there is a lack of comprehensive studies and information about the disease. We would like to present our two cases with severe scrotal edema and hydrocele, which were debrided perioperatively due to scrotal necrosis, followed by radical inguinal orchiectomy and subsequently diagnosed as MM of tunica vaginalis. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.

Background: Varicocele affects 15% of adolescents. The main postoperative complications are recurrence and hydrocele; nerve injury is rarely reported.

Objective: The aims of this study are: to assess the complications after laparoscopic varicocelectomy, namely nerve injury; and to assess if nerve injury is more frequent using "hot" or "cold" ligation. Read More

Ann Saudi Med 2021 May-Jun;41(3):186-189. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

From the Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, Umberto I Policlinico, Roma, Italy.

At least 27 million men present with urogenital manifestations of genital filariasis (GF). Although there is a large burden of GF in residents in endemic regions, infection in short-term travellers and in non-endemic areas is rare. We report the case of a 75-year-old Italian man referred to our institution for a testicular discomfort. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2021 Mar-Apr;26(2):117-119. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.

Pediatric paratesticular mass is common in pediatric surgical practice, and they could be because of an underlying encysted hydrocele, a teratoma, or an epididymal cyst. Furthermore, a malignant lesion such as rhabdomyosarcoma should be ruled out. Rare entities, such as fibrous hamartoma of infancy and cellular angiofibroma, are rarely encountered. Read More

BMC Surg 2021 Jun 2;21(1):275. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nan Men Cang 5th, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.

Background: Transumbilical two-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for the treatment of processus vaginalis patency in boys has been practising recent years. The applicable instruments and skills are still evolving. In this study, we used a self-made needle assisted by a disposable dissecting forceps to practise this minimal invasive method for patent processus vaginalis in boys. Read More

Front Surg 2021 12;8:671301. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.

This study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic repair (LR) and open repair (OR) surgery for communicating hydrocele in children. We collected the clinical data and follow-up data of all boys (<14 years) who underwent communicating hydrocele surgery in the pediatric surgery department at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2017 to December 2018 and retrospectively analyzed the data. In this study, 155 patients were retrospectively enrolled, including 90 patients in the OR group and 65 patients in the LR group. Read More

Andrology 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Background: Scrotal ultrasonography is an essential diagnostic tool in daily clinical practice. The availability of new-generation ultrasound machines characterized by clearly improved image quality, low health cost, and higher patient safety, represents only some characteristics of ultrasound investigation. The usefulness of scrotal ultrasonography is particularly evident in the period of life from infancy to puberty, during which males undergo important morphofunctional changes, and several pathological conditions may occur. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021 Jun 12;66:102389. Epub 2021 May 12.

Radiology Department, Aleppo University Hospital, Aleppo, Syria.

Introduction: and importance Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of three testes or more. Approximately, there are about 200 cases of polyorchidism in the medical literature. In the past, surgical treatment was done but now with imaging studies, less aggressive approach is recommended. Read More

J Urol 2021 May 25:101097JU0000000000001896. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.

Introduction And Objective: Testicular temperature should remain low to maintain optimal function of germ cells; however, information regarding testicular temperature in infants and the effect of cryptorchidism and its correction, including laparoscopic staged Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy (LSFSO), are limited.

Methods: Eighty-two infants with unilateral palpable cryptorchidism, 24 with nonpalpable testes who underwent unilateral LSFSO and 20 with scrotal hydrocele were included. Ultrasonographic determination of testicular volume and measurement of testicular temperature but not scrotal surface temperature using a Coretemp CTM204 (Terumo, Tokyo) were performed before and 12 months after orchiopexy. Read More

Asian J Surg 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Inner Mongolia Medical University, Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot North Street, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China.

Surg Case Rep 2021 May 13;7(1):121. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Surgery, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, 3-1, N-33, E-14, Higahi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0650033, Japan.

Background: Hydrocele of canal of Nuck (HCN) is a rare disease in adult female. The diagnosis and treatment of HCN is still a challenge for surgeons.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old female presented with recent onset of occasional pain during exercise and an asymptomatic left groin swelling. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 10;14(5). Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Surgery, Marunouchi Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Infect Dis Poverty 2021 May 7;10(1):64. Epub 2021 May 7.

AIM Initiative-American Leprosy Missions, Greenville, SC, USA.

Background: The Upper West region of Ghana is mostly made up of rural communities and is highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), with a significant burden of disability due to lymphedema and hydrocele. The aim of this paper is to describe an enhanced, evidence-based cascading training program for integrated lymphedema management in this region, and to present some initial outcomes.

Main Text: A baseline evaluation in the Upper West Region was carried out in 2019. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 2;13(4):e14262. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Pediatric Surgery, Dr. Sami Ulus Health Research and Training Center, Ankara, TUR.

Introduction An inguinal indirect hernia is one of the most frequent surgical conditions in children. In this study the experience with laparoscopic percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) and open inguinal hernia surgery and their relations evaluated. Methods All children over 90 days of age and without having prior inguinal region surgery with a diagnosis of indirect inguinal hernia underwent surgical repair with open or laparoscopic PIRS technique. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 28;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Clinical Research Centre, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.

We report a term newborn who presented on day 3 of life with unilateral, tender scrotal swelling with skin discolouration, which was subsequently diagnosed as haemophilia A at about 6 months of age. He received intramuscular vitamin K and hepatitis B vaccine at birth uneventfully. The scrotal swelling was treated as an infected hydrocoele, considering the absence of a family history of bleeding disorder and other risks of bleeding tendency, as well as the ultrasonographic features. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 04 23;4:CD000479. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Cochrane Austria, Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.

Background: Varicoceles are associated with male subfertility; however, the mechanisms by which varicoceles affect fertility have yet to be satisfactorily explained. Several treatment options exist, including surgical or radiological treatment, however the safest and most efficient treatment remains unclear.  OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of surgical and radiological treatment of varicoceles on live birth rate, adverse events, pregnancy rate, varicocele recurrence, and quality of life amongst couples where the adult male has a varicocele, and the female partner of childbearing age has no fertility problems. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Sep 24;38:101652. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Urology Department, Hasan Sadikin Academic Medical Center, Universitas Padjajaran Bandung, Indonesia.

Hydrocele of the spermatic cord is a rare anomaly which occurs when closure of processus vaginalis was hampered. There are two variations of a spermatic cord hydrocele: the encysted variety that does not communicate with the peritoneal cavity and the funicular variety that communicates with the peritoneal cavity. This case report depicts the clinical investigation and management of a rare case of encysted spermatic cord hydrocele in a 3-year-old boy. Read More

FP Essent 2021 Apr;503:23-27

University of Michigan Medical School Department of Family Medicine, 300 North Ingalls St NI4C06, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5435.

Scrotal and testicular conditions include benign masses, infections, testicular torsion, and testicular cancer. Common palpable benign scrotal masses include spermatocele, varicocele, and hydrocele. Most patients with these masses require no treatment. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2021 Jul 14;185(7):2153-2159. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome (HLTS) is a rare condition caused by pathogenic variants in the SOX18 gene. SOX18 plays a key role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis due to its expression in venous endothelial cells from which the lymphatic system develops. It is also expressed in embryonic hair follicles, heart, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 1;82:105844. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

University of Health Sciences Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Electronic address:

Testicular hemangioma is a rare benign testicular tumor. In this case we presented who an infant applied to our clinic with left scrotal swelling. The tests performed were found to be compatible with testicular hemangioma and accompanying hydrocele. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 27;13(2):e13596. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA.

Inguinal hernias are very common. Well-established diagnostic criteria including examination and imaging are available. Ultrasound, herniography, CT, and MR imaging can provide additional diagnostic information when examination alone is not deemed sufficient. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2021 Mar 25;17(1):133. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy.

Background: Comamonas kerstersii is rarely associated with infections in humans and has never been reported in animals until now.

Case Presentation: Herein, we describe a case of urinary tract infection caused by C. kerstersii in a young goat. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2021 Feb 6. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly used to repair paediatric inguinal hernias and can be divided into intra- or extra-corporeal closing techniques. No statement regarding the superiority of one of the two techniques can be made. This study aims to provide evidence supporting the superiority of intra- or extra-corporeal suturing technique. Read More

Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020 Jul;33(1):81-83

Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China.

Objective: To understand the status of chronic filariasis patients in Jiangxi Province in 2018, so as to provide insights into the follow-up care of the patients.

Methods: In 2018, a case follow-up study was conducted in all registered patients with chronic filariasis in previously endemic areas of Jiangxi Province, and a clue investigation was done for identifying the missing patients. In addition, the data of caring sites for chronic filarisis patients were collected and analyzed in the province. Read More

PLoS One 2021 26;16(2):e0244664. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Postgraduate Program of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Background: Hydrocele is a chronic condition in males in which there is an excessive collection of straw-colored fluid, which leads to enlargement of the scrotum. It is a common manifestation of lymphatic filariasis (LF) affecting nearly 25 million men worldwide. Surgery is the recommended treatment for hydrocele and is available free of cost in all government hospitals in Nepal. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2021 Mar;27(2):207-213

Forensic Medicine Institute of the Republic of Turkey, İstanbul-Turkey.

Background: By examining patients with testicular torsion (TT) that caused problems in medicolegal terms, the present study aims to define markers causing medical neglect or malpractice in similar conditions and perform a retrospective examination to characterize the medical aspects of patients with TT.

Methods: In this study, 53 patients who underwent orchiectomy for TT following interventions made between 2004 and 2019 in different hospitals of Turkey and had satisfactory clinical findings in their files based on medicolegal inspections were included.

Results: The median age of the patients was nine years. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 02 22;15(2):e0009075. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia Lusaka, Zambia.

Background: Morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) services are essential for the management of chronic stages of lymphatic filariasis (LF) infection. However, there is limited information on health beliefs and health seeking behavior towards MMDP services for LF in endemic regions of Zambia. This study sought to document health beliefs and health seeking behavior towards MMDP services for LF in Luangwa District, Zambia. Read More