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Mol Immunol 2021 May 11;135:351-364. Epub 2021 May 11.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Electronic address:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key regulator of RNA-polymerase II and a candidate therapeutic target for various virus infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus B, and human papillomavirus. We employed CDK9-IN-1, a selective CDK9 inhibitor, to investigate the role of CDK9 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. CDK9-IN-1 dose-dependently reduced PRRSV replication without cytotoxicity in the infected cells. Read More

Prev Med 2021 May 11:106615. Epub 2021 May 11.

INSERM CIC 1417, F-CRIN, I REIVAC, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.

Internet is a popular source of information regarding vaccination. This study aimed to determine whether there is a negative association between Internet use among French vaccine-hesitant mothers and HPV vaccine uptake by their daughters, and to gain insight into the pathways that would link Internet use to the lack of HPV vaccine uptake. We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis across the 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 Vaccinoscopie® Survey. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021 Jun;110(2):394-395

Supportive Care Medicine Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021 May 14:1-14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia.

Cervical cancer is ranked as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Monoclonal antibody has created a new dimension in the immunotherapy of many diseases, including cervical cancer. The antibody's ability to target various aspects of cervical cancer (oncoviruses, oncoproteins, and signaling pathways) delivers a promising future for efficient immunotherapy. Read More

PLoS One 2021 14;16(5):e0251202. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has recently been identified as a promising novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in different types of cancer. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the correlation between FGFR1 and the survival outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies in order to explore the prognostic significance of FGFR1 in HNSCC. Read More

Radiographics 2021 May 14:200168. Epub 2021 May 14.

From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.).

The human gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microbes. The gut and various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, form a complex ecosystem known as the gut microbiota, and the whole genome of the gut microbiota is referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota is essential for homeostasis and the overall well-being of a person and is increasingly considered an adjunct "virtual organ," with a complexity level comparable to that of the other organ systems. Read More

Sociol Health Illn 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department for the Study of Culture, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

In Denmark, parents have needed to deal with inconsistent presentations of risk regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. This has complicated the parents' task of making a decision about having their daughters vaccinated. In this article, I analyse how Danish parents engage with digital media when making this decision. Read More

Aust J Prim Health 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Human papillomavirus self-sampling is part of the revised Australian National Cervical Screening Program for eligible under- or never-screened women. Although research demonstrates self-sampling as an acceptable method from the perspective of women, little is known about GP experiences and perspectives of this new screening alternative. This study sought to explore the experiences and perspectives of rural GPs towards the revised National Cervical Screening Program and the new self-sampling option. Read More

Prev Med 2021 May 10:106617. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

The screening program for cervical cancer in Sweden, recommends screening with HPV test primarily for women over 30 years, but at the first screening test that is performed after the age of 40, both HPV test and cytology is recommended, so-called co-testing. The aim of this study was to examine how many cases of HPV negative cervical dysplasia that were found in this age-group, to be able to estimate the value of adding a co-test in an HPV screening program. A retrospective study of all abnormal cytological samples found in the cytology based screening program in the age group 41-45 years during the years 2012-2016 in the Region of Örebro County was performed. Read More

MMWR Surveill Summ 2021 May 14;70(3):1-26. Epub 2021 May 14.

Problem/condition: Adults are at risk for illness, hospitalization, disability and, in some cases, death from vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly influenza and pneumococcal disease. CDC recommends vaccinations for adults on the basis of age, health conditions, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.

Background: Genital and oral cancers are often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types that can be prevented through HPV vaccination. Since HPV is sexually transmitted, knowledge of penile prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among US males can help predict potential disparities in these cancers. This study examines penile HPV prevalence by age and race/ethnicity among males. Read More

Eur J Dent Educ 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Centre for Special Care Dentistry (Stichting Bijzondere Tandheelkunde), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Aim: In Europe approximately 150.000 patients are diagnosed with head and neck cancer annually. Dentists play an important role in prevention and detection at an early stage when survival rates are best. Read More

Oncol Lett 2021 Jul 27;22(1):498. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China.

The occurrence and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSC) is closely associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Transmembrane channel-like 8 (TMC8) is a key gene affecting the susceptibility of HPV and that plays an important role in T cell regulation. However, the mechanism by which TMC8 affects T cells and whether it further affects the prognosis of patients with HNSC remains unclear. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 May 5;146:110737. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Objective: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is known for its recurrent relapse despite various surgical and non-surgical treatments. Vascular Endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor expression on tissue is reported to be raised in RRP, and anti-VEGF targeted treatment is being explored to decrease recurrences. This study aims to identify the patients most suitable for systemic anti-VEGF therapy. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2021 May 12:9564624211017005. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Infectious Diseases, 16493Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Ablative treatment of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) reduces the risk of progression to anal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To identify factors that influence the response to treatment of anal HSIL by electrocautery ablation (ECA) in a population of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM).

Design: Retrospective study of ECA treatment response in a prospectively followed anal dysplasia cohort. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2021 May 12:9564624211014727. Epub 2021 May 12.

Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, 165143Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.

It is crucial to understand the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men to prevent the increasing male HPV-related disease burden. We evaluated the associations between HPV infection and circumcision, smoking, and alcohol use after accounting for sexual behavior. The study included 2331 male personnel from Danish barracks. Read More

Case Rep Dent 2021 22;2021:5585181. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) represents a significant portion of head and neck cancers. In most cases, it is localised in the soft palate, lingual and palatine tonsils, base of the tongue, and the surrounding tissues. Alcohol and tobacco exposure are well-known evidence-based risk factors for developing OPC; however, over the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in OPC linked to human papillomavirus (HPV). Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 5;2021(5):rjab173. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Pathology, Gwangmyeong Sungae General Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Korea.

Warty carcinoma (WC), known as condylomatous carcinoma, generally derives from genito-urethral area. Its symbolic lesion is the exophytic and verruciform mass associated with human papillomavirus infection. A 90-year-old female presented with growing cauliflower-like mass in her back. Read More

Am J Prev Med 2021 May 8. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Introduction: The Announcement Approach using presumptive announcements increases human papillomavirus vaccine uptake. This study seeks to understand the impact of the final Announcement Approach steps-easing parents' vaccine concerns and then encouraging them to get human papillomavirus vaccine for their children-on parents' human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy and confidence in the vaccine's benefits.

Methods: In 2017-2018, investigators recruited an online national sample of 1,196 U. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 May 8. Epub 2021 May 8.

Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Background: Only clinically validated HPV assays can be accepted in cervical cancer screening.

Objectives: To update the list of high-risk HPV assays that fulfil the 2009 international validation criteria (Meijer-2009).

Data Sources: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, references from selected studies; published in January 2014-August 2020. Read More

JCO Oncol Pract 2021 May;17(5):e695-e702

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.

Purpose: Human papilloma virus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), diagnosed with p16 immunohistochemistry, is associated with favorable prognosis; however, this connection was established using European American (EA)-skewed populations. The impact of p16/human papillomavirus status on outcomes in African American (AA) OPSCC patients remains to be settled. In this study, we determine the association between cancer disparity and p16 status in an OPSCC cohort controlling for time to treatment initiation (TTI), a surrogate for medical care access. Read More

WMJ 2021 Apr;120(1):62-65

University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recognized cause of cancer in both males and females. HPV vaccination prevents development of HPV-associated diseases.

Methods: Wisconsin HPV vaccination rates (2016-2019) were obtained from the Wisconsin Immunization Registry. Read More

Cancer 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Background: There is a paucity of global comparative trend analyses of all human papillomavirus (HPV)-attributable cancers. In addition, most analyses by international sources only describe past trends; few studies have projected the future trend of HPV-attributable cancers.

Methods: Data were used from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5plus) database that contains annual incidence by cancer site, age, and sex, as well as corresponding populations. Read More

Hum Reprod 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.

Study Question: Is the risk of high-grade precancerous cervical lesions and/or is the risk of lesion progression increased in users of a hormone-containing intrauterine device (HIUD) compared with users of other contraceptive methods.

Summary Answer: Women starting use of HIUD had the same subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+ (CIN3+) as copper IUD (CIUD) users, and both groups tended to have lower risks than oral contraceptives (OC) users.

What Is Known Already: HIUDs may cause inflammatory and immunosuppressive changes that may potentially affect the risk of persistent human papillomavirus infection and precancerous cervical lesions. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2021 May 11;17(5):e1009580. Epub 2021 May 11.

Institute of Cellular Virology, Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) utilize an atypical mode of nuclear import during cell entry. Residing in the Golgi apparatus until mitosis onset, a subviral complex composed of the minor capsid protein L2 and viral DNA (L2/vDNA) is imported into the nucleus after nuclear envelope breakdown by associating with mitotic chromatin. In this complex, L2 plays a crucial role in the interactions with cellular factors that enable delivery and ultimately tethering of the viral genome to mitotic chromatin. Read More

J Contin Educ Health Prof 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Dr. Drainoni: Research Professor, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA; Codirector, Evans Center for Implementation and Improvement Sciences, Boston, MA. Ms. Biancarelli: Consultant, Accenture, Boston, MA. Ms. Jansen: Senior Program Manager, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Dr. Bernstein: Emeritus Professor, Boston University School of Public Health; Professor of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Dr. Joseph: Clinical Associate Professor of Adolescent Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Ms. Eun: PhD Student, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Boston, MA. Dr. Fenton: Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Boston, MA. Dr. Clark: Professor, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dr. Hanchate: Associate Professor, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Health Economist, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA. Mr. Legler: Senior Healthcare Statistician, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA. Dr. Schuch: Chief Information Officer, Pediatrician at South Boston Community Health Center, Boston, MA. Dr. Leschly: Assistant Professor, Boston University School of Medicine; Medical Director, East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, Boston, MA. Dr. Perkins: Associate Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.

Introduction: Few studies have rigorously evaluated the drivers of successful implementation of interventions to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of Development of Systems and Education for HPV Vaccination (DOSE HPV), a performance improvement intervention.

Methods: Primary care providers (PCPs), nurses, and individuals with leadership roles from pediatric and family medicine practices who attended DOSE HPV intervention sessions participated in qualitative interviews immediately following intervention completion. Read More

Viral Immunol 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.

Papillomaviruses are placed within the family Papillomaviride, and the members of this family have a double-stranded circular DNA genome. Every year, ∼30% of cancers are reported to be human papillomavirus (HPV) related, which represents 63,000 cancers of all infectious agent-induced cancers. HPV16 and HPV18 are reported to be associated with 70% of cervical cancers. Read More

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois.

Background: Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in men. We assessed the effect of male circumcision on the incidence and natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a randomized clinical trial in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods: Sexually active, 18- to 24-year-old men provided penile exfoliated cells for HPV DNA testing every 6 months for 2 years. Read More

Infect Agent Cancer 2021 May 10;16(1):29. Epub 2021 May 10.

Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women of reproductive age worldwide. HPV viruses are associated with epithelial lesions and cancers. HPV infections have been shown to be significantly associated with many adverse effects in reproductive function. Read More

Digestion 2021 May 10:1-9. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of infection and are frequently not up to date with their immunizations.

Objectives: This study aims to review vaccination status and evaluate whether age, disease type, or treatment regimen could predict the absence of seroprotection against selected vaccine-preventable infection in adults with IBD.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using questionnaire, immunization records review, and assessment of tetanus-specific, varicella-specific, and measles-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations. Read More