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Clin Case Rep 2021 Jul 23;9(7):e04518. Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center Tehran Iran.

Detection of viruses like HHV-6 in endomyocardial biopsy or serum serology of patients with myocarditis or heart failure features unresponsive to conventional heart failure therapies could be a potential targeted treatment especially in refractory cases. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2021 Jul 20. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Advanced Medicine for Viral Infections, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for many high-risk pediatric hematological malignant diseases (MD) and several nonmalignant diseases (NMD), including primary immune deficiencies. Infections must be managed to obtain better outcomes after HSCT. In this prospective observational study, viral monitoring was performed on 74 pediatric patients with MD and NMD who underwent HSCT. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 5;8:686736. Epub 2021 Jul 5.

CEAUL-Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

The evidence of an association between Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and chronic herpesviruses infections remains inconclusive. Two reasons for the lack of consistent evidence are the large heterogeneity of the patients' population with different disease triggers and the use of arbitrary cutoffs for defining seropositivity. In this work we re-analyzed previously published serological data related to 7 herpesvirus antigens. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2021 Jun 23;176:106698. Epub 2021 Jun 23.

Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Dept. of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Dept. of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:

New onset temporal seizures are increasingly encountered in adult patients. Many of those fulfill diagnostic criteria for possible or definite limbic encephalitis (LE). LE is associated with autoantibodies (autoABs) against neuronal surface structures ('neuronal' autoABs), 'onconeuronal' or GAD65. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 30;13(5):e15331. Epub 2021 May 30.

Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, USA.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) manifesting as a central nervous system (CNS) infection (especially meningoencephalitis) is reported as a primary infection in children and from reactivation in immunocompromised patients; however, it has rarely been reported in immunocompetent adults. Latent infections of the CNS can cause a myriad of clinical presentations ranging from a benign, febrile, self-resolving illness to limbic encephalitis, temporal lobe seizures, and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as behavioral disturbances and psychosis. No standard diagnostic criteria or management guidelines exist for this condition. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2021 Jun 30;6(3). Epub 2021 Jun 30.

Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

From 2013 to 2018, the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease-Health Science Center (TRC-EID-HS), in collaboration with the Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) Thailand, conducted encephalitis surveillance. A total of 1700 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis were tested by a predesigned multiplex PCR. Diagnosis was made in 318 cases (18. Read More

Biomolecules 2021 Jun 6;11(6). Epub 2021 Jun 6.

Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.

Although the incidence of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) to medications is very low, SCARs can result in disability or even death if they are not diagnosed and treated properly. As the rapid recognition of SCARs is essential, it is necessary to develop diagnostic markers for them that can also be used to assess severity and predict outcomes in the early phase. In addition, it is important to identify novel therapeutic targets for SCARs. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2021 Jun 13;10(6). Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.

Though there is no 'Diabetes Virus', multiple agents such as mumps virus, rubella virus, influenza virus, type A hepatitis virus, enterovirus, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, and also SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to be associated to diabetes [... Read More

IDCases 2021 15;25:e01195. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Marshall University School of Medicine, Head of Division of Infectious Diseases, Medicine Department, United States.

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a virus known to cause mild infection in children. In adults, HHV-6 reactivation has been described in immunocompromised individuals.Rarely, viral reactivation occurs in immunocompetent adults causing significant disease and morbidity. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021 Jun 26. Epub 2021 Jun 26.

Department of Epidemiology, Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Background: The bacteriome is associated with susceptibility to some eukaryotic viruses, but no study has examined associations between the salivary bacteriome and human herpesviruses (HHVs). We provide new prevalence and incidence estimates for salivary herpesviruses detection and estimate associations with bacteriome diversity in young children.

Methods: Salivary samples collected at ages ~2, 8, 12, and 24 months from 153 children participating in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohort 2 (COHRA2) were screened for HHVs using the Fast-Track Neuro9 multiplex PCR assay, and for the bacteriome using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Read More

Neurol India 2021 May-Jun;69(3):681-685

Center for Advanced Neurological Research, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte, (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Background: The role of viral infections in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis is unclear.

Objective: Certain neurotropic viruses previously linked with MS among white population were studied including Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) and MS-associated retrovirus (MSRV).

Material And Methods: Sixty-two MS patients (37 had a recent clinical relapse) and 65 controls with other neurological disorders were included. Read More

J Med Virol 2021 Jun 17. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Department of Medical Sciences,Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Late-onset Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to impaired growth and development of the fetus, characterized by placental morphological abnormalities that affect the fetus's supply of nutrients. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is physiologically expressed during pregnancy, but decreased in normal placenta during the last weeks of gestation possibly inducing childbirth. Several viruses involved in congenital infection, such as herpesviruses, exploit HLA-G expression as an immune-escape mechanism. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address:

Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with neurologic complications, but the impact of donor and/or recipient inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6) on post-HCT central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is not well understood. The aims of the present study were (1) to compare the cumulative incidence of CNS symptoms in the first 100 days following allogeneic HCT among patients with donor and/or recipient iciHHV-6 (iciHHV-6)with that of patients with neither donor nor recipient iciHHV-6 (iciHHV-6) and (2) to assess the role of HHV-6 detection in driving potentially unnecessary interventions in iciHHV-6 patients. We performed a retrospective matched cohort study of 87 iciHHV-6 and 174 iciHHV-6 allogeneic HCT recipients. Read More

Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021 Jan-Dec;8:20499361211018027. Epub 2021 May 24.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.

Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus have been recognized as potential drivers of morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for years. Specific protocols for monitoring, prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are in place in many transplant settings. In this review, we focus on the next three most frequent viruses, human herpesvirus-6, BK virus and adenovirus, causing reactivation and/or viremia after allogeneic transplant, which are increasingly detected in patients in the post-transplant period owing to emerging techniques of molecular biology, recipients' characteristics, treatment modalities used for conditioning and factors related donors or stem cell source. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jun;100(22):e25468

Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital.

Rationale: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a condition characterized by biphasic convulsions and disturbance of consciousness. In Japan, the most common pediatric cases of acute encephalopathy are associated with infection. AESD usually occurs in early childhood, with the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance called "bright tree appearance. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

From the Division of Critical Care and Hospitalist Neurology, Department of Neurology (Waldrop, Radmard, Thakur), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Context.—: The FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel is the first US Food and Drug Administration-cleared multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel for the detection of central nervous system infections. While the assay's performance characteristics have been described, the real-world significance of positive results has not been fully characterized. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) reactivation is an important complication in patients receiving umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT). Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 (ciHHV-6) is a condition in which the complete HHV-6 genome is integrated into the host germline genome and is transmitted in a Mendelian manner. The influence of ciHHV-6 in recipients or donors in cases of CBT is unknown. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 May 27;13(11). Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.

Cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Even in the era of precision oncology, carcinogens contributing to neoplastic process are still an important focus of research. Comprehensive genomic analyses have revealed various combinations of base substitutions, referred to as the mutational signatures, in cancer. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 May 25;15(1):300. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Intensive Care, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital Center, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

Background: Cardiac and neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are life-threatening complications. The most frequent complications of cardiac involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are myocarditis and cardiac dysfunction due to fluid overload. Pericarditis remains very rare in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2021 06;119(3):e247-e251

Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome associated with human herpesvirus 6. A pediatric case treated with cyclosporine and corticosteroids elevated C-reactive protein, and abnormal liver tests. The skin biopsy was compatible with an adverse drug reaction. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2021 05 28;27(5):437.e1-437.e9. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.

Post-transplantation acute limbic encephalitis (PALE) is a rare, severe inflammatory disorder in the bilateral limbic system, including the hippocampus. To date, only a few studies have reported details, including risk factors for PALE; however, further clinical evidence of PALE, especially in cerebrospinal fluid human herpesvirus 6-negative cases, is warranted. In addition, data are sparse regarding the risk factors for calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced encephalopathy (CNIE) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in adults. Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 29;10(5). Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) have been reportedly suggested as triggers of the onset and/or progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by multi-organ fibrosis. The etiology and pathogenesis of SSc are still largely unknown but virological and immunological observations support a role for these beta-herpesviruses, and we recently observed a direct impact of HCMV and HHV-6 infection on the expression of cell factors associated with fibrosis at the cell level. Since miRNA expression has been found profoundly deregulated at the tissue level, here we aimed to investigate the impact on cell microRNome (miRNome) of HCMV and HHV-6 infection in in vitro infected primary human dermal fibroblasts, which represent one of the main SSc target cells. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

1Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Virologie Médicale, Dakar, Sénégal.

Herpesviruses are known to cause a diversity of clinical syndromes, ranging from minor cutaneous lesions to life-threatening illnesses, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we investigate retrospectively the contribution of five human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6, and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in serum samples collected from measles suspected patients with at least fever and rash. Sera specimens were first tested for serological evidence of measles and rubella virus infection by ELISA, and DNA extracted from an aliquot of each clinical specimen for molecular detection of human herpes viruses by RT-qPCR. Read More

Viruses 2021 04 13;13(4). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416 Conakry, Guinea.

The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) mirrors its evolutionary nature and, thus, its ability to grow in diversity or complexity (i.e., related to genome, host response, environment changes, tropism, and pathogenicity), leading to it recently joining the circle of closed congenital pathogens. Read More

J Clin Virol 2021 Jun 16;139:104823. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Infectious Diseases Unit, Departement of Internal Medicine, Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico.

PLoS Genet 2021 Apr 26;17(4):e1009324. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Yokohama, Japan.

Acquisition of genetic material from viruses by their hosts can generate inter-host structural genome variation. We developed computational tools enabling us to study virus-derived structural variants (SVs) in population-scale whole genome sequencing (WGS) datasets and applied them to 3,332 humans. Although SVs had already been cataloged in these subjects, we found previously-overlooked virus-derived SVs. Read More

J Med Virol 2021 Aug 4;93(8):5182-5187. Epub 2021 May 4.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Infections due to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are frequent during early childhood. Usually, they have a favorable clinical course. Conversely, HHV-6 congenital infections occur in about 1% of neonates and may present with more severe clinical pictures. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 25;12:648945. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Human herpesviruses 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B)-collectively, HHV-6A/B-are recently-discovered but ancient human viruses. The vast majority of people acquire one or both viruses, typically very early in life, producing an ineradicable lifelong infection. The viruses have been linked to several neurological, pulmonary and hematological diseases. Read More

J Neurovirol 2021 Jun 8;27(3):397-402. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Neuroimmunology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (NINN), Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico.

The frequency of central nervous system infections due to herpesvirus have been studied in various populations; however, studies in Mexican mestizo patients are scant. This paper documents the frequency of herpesvirus encephalitis in Mexican mestizo patients from the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN) of Mexico. To study the frequency of herpetic viral encephalitis at the NINN in the period from 2004 to 2009. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2021 02 11;27(2):174.e1-174.e5. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

The majority of adults are seropositive for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). HHV-6 reactivation can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and lead to life-threatening central nervous system disorders. In this prospective study, we evaluated the relationship between HHV-6 reactivation and anti-HHV-6 IgG antibody levels in recipients of allogeneic HSCT. Read More