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Horm Metab Res 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Horm Metab Res 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

An elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is closely associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, whether this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether SUA is independently associated with arterial stiffness as assessed by Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and to what extent this association is dependent on cardiovascular risk factors. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Centre, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The goal of this study is to investigate whether congenital hypothyroidism induced by MMI during gestation (G) or gestation plus lactation (GL) would affect the leptin action upon body weight control on hypothalamus. Six to eight pups per group were killed at 90 days of age. For statistical analysis one-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sìdak post hoc test was used. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare malignancies while pathogenesis is strongly influenced by genetics. The prognostic factors of these patients remain poorly defined. We aim to study the epidemiology and survival pattern by analyzing the combination of SEER and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):186-190. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Following a parathyroidectomy there is a bone mineral density (BMD) improvement in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, data of bone microarchitecture are scarce. Trabecular bone score (TBS) estimates bone microarchitecture and could provide valuable information in those patients. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):178-185. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France.

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are benign neoplasms that are first treated by surgery and secondary radiation therapy in case of residual tumor or regrowth. The consequences of surgery and radiotherapy are still debated. The objective of the work was to assess the impact of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and pituitary deficiencies on long term health-related quality of life (QoL) and cognitive function among NFPA patients. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):172-177. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Endocrinology, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France.

The diagnostic workup for primary aldosteronism includes a screening step using the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) and a confirmatory step based on dynamic testing of aldosterone secretion autonomy. International guidelines suggest that precise clinical and biochemical conditions may allow the bypassing of the confirmatory step, however, data which validate hormone thresholds defining such conditions are lacking. At our tertiary center, we retrospectively examined a cohort of 173 hypertensive patients screened for PA by the ARR, of whom 120 had positive screening and passed a saline infusion test (SIT) or a captopril challenge test (CCT). Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):165-171. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

The physiological changes during pregnancy modulate the endocrine system. Therefore, both the American and the European thyroid associations recommend the use of local trimester-specific reference intervals. The purpose of this study was to establish the first trimester reference intervals for thyroid function tests in the central area of Iran. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):157-164. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Melatonin is a physiological indoleamine secreted from the pineal gland into the bloodstream. This hormone has antioxidant effects in cardiovascular disease, but the evidence regarding its effects on blood pressure (BP) has not been conclusive. Therefore, we assessed the impact of melatonin supplementation on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 12;51(3):145-156. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programed cell death 1 (PD-1), or its ligand (PD-L1) have become the mainstay for advanced malignancies. The incidence of endocrine adverse events provoked by these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is based on data from randomized controlled trials, which have their drawbacks. PubMed was searched through August 22nd, 2017, by 2 reviewers independently (J. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

UOC Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA) is mainly related to hypoestrogenism, but other hormonal derangement (reduced conversion of T4-T3 and GH resistance) can play a role. These hormones are involved in antioxidant systems regulation. We evaluated the impact of hormonal alterations, with special focus on low T3 and IGF-1 levels, on antioxidant systems as a link with osteoporosis in FHA. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Neuroendocrinology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health - ICMR, Mumbai, India.

Prolactin is a peptide hormone known to have multiple functions. However, the role of prolactin has been extensively studied only in female physiology and its function in male reproduction still remains majorly unexplored. Studies in rodents and humans have demonstrated the presence of prolactin and its receptor in testes, thereby suggesting a possible role during spermatogenesis. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The prevalence and the diagnostic criterion of "normocalcemic" primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) are still uncertain and there is no consensual definition. This prospective study evaluated the prevalence of NPHPT in 676 adults without a history of fractures or nephrolithiasis and who would be submitted to thyroidectomy, the impact of adopting different cut-off values for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the agreement between biochemical diagnosis and the surgical finding of altered parathyroid glands. NPHPT was diagnosed in patients with normal total and ionized calcium and elevated PTH (in 2 measurements) and without a known cause of secondary HPT, including eGFR<40 ml/min/1. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Medical University Department, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.

Early diagnosis of thyroid disorders is key to further treatment. We assessed the ability of a high-throughput proton NMR metabolomic profile to distinguish disease type amongst of Graves' disease (n=87), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=17), toxic goiter (n=11), and autoimmune thyroiditis [i. e. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 13;51(2):127-133. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Production, Research, and Innovation, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark.

We have previously reported decreased thyroid function within the laboratory reference range and changes in mitochondrial function after hemithyroidectomy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) are key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The aim was to examine the influence of hemithyroidectomy on the longitudinal change in mRNA expression of these genes. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 13;51(2):81-90. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

The ontogenesis and development of the pituitary gland is a highly complex process that depends on a cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules. Spontaneous mutations and transgenic murine models have demonstrated a role for many of these factors, including , , , , , , , , , , , and in the etiology of congenital hypopituitarism. Genetic mutations in any of these factors can lead to congenital hypopituitarism, which is characterized by the deficiency in one or more pituitary hormones. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 29;51(3):200-209. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.

The aim of the work was to examine whether abnormalities in the lipid profile that tocilizumab (TCZ), an anti-IL-6 receptor Ab, exerts in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is related to changes in either proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) serum concentrations or in serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). TOCRIVAR is a one-year prospective clinical trial that analyzes the influence of TCZ on cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty-seven RA patients receiving TCZ (8 mg/kg IV/q4w) were assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 24, and 52. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.

The effect of the treatment with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists on gastric emptying in patients with diabetes with and without gastroparesis is analysed. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus subjected to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy with exenatide were examined before and shortly after initiation of treatment. Gastric half-emptying time was determined by C-octanoic breath test; routine laboratory parameter as well as active GLP-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide levels were determined in fasting state as well as postprandial secretion within 1 h after a standardised meal. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Aug 22;50(8):e10. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Medical Science, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 21;51(1):8-10. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 16;51(1):22-34. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Endocrinology Unit, Department of Health Sciences and Mother and Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

While several studies have documented an increased risk of metabolic disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), associations between androgenic and metabolic parameters in these patients are unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationships between biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism (HA) and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2018 for assessing androgenic and metabolic parameters in PCOS patients. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 2;51(2):120-126. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

We recently reported the use of optical imaging technology to quantify facial plethora in endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS). In the present study, we studied a larger cohort of patients with Cushing disease (CD) and examined water content fraction as well as blood volume fraction as bio-optic markers for determining the efficacy of this methodology as a predictor of lasting remission after surgery for CS. We imaged 49 patients before and after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for Cushing disease (CD); 22 patients were also seen at 3-6 months, and 13 patients 12 months post-operatively. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Mar 20;51(3):191-199. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The study was aimed to investigate gut hormone responses to mixed meal test in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (cases) compared with healthy controls, and the effect of body fat parameters. A total of 29 cases and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were given standard mixed meal drink and blood samples were collected to measure dipeptidyl peptidase IV, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon like peptide-1, insulin, oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 20;51(2):106-111. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.

In the last years there is an increasing interest towards the bone as an endocrine organ and the role of bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism markers in a range of metabolic disturbances. The aim of the present study is to assess the changes of calcium phosphate metabolism markers in patients with prediabetes compared to normogycemic controls and their link to glucose disturbances and cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, 80 patients with mean age 50. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 6;51(1):11-21. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Vitamin D has received attention for its potential to disrupt cancer processes. However, its effect in the treatment of prostate cancer is controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with prostate cancer. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 6;51(1):62-68. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Cross-sectional studies in small and selected populations report a high prevalence of hypercortisolism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which could have therapeutic implications, if confirmed. We therefore estimated the prevalence of hypercortisolism in a large and unselected cohort of recently diagnosed T2D patients. Consecutive patients with recently diagnosed T2D first underwent an overnight dexamethasone (1 mg) suppression test (OD). Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 6;51(2):91-99. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Saolta University Health Care Group (SUHCG), Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.

The aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) is recommended for case detection of primary aldosteronism (PA). Several factors including medications can undermine its diagnostic accuracy. The objective was to explore the effect of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibition on the ARR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were prescribed a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor (SGLT-2i) as part of routine clinical care. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 5;50(12):837-839. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 29;51(1):35-41. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of General Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated to Hebrew University Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders which include obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. This condition is rapidly increasing in an aging population. The rates of surgery in older patients is also growing and a wide range of operations including minimally invasive procedures is now available for this segment of the population. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Feb 29;51(2):112-119. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated components of the IGF-1 system in circulation at the time of acute MI and following reperfusion in relation to levels of stable CAD patients and controls. Patients with MI (MI Group, n=31) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were compared to patients with stable CAD subjected to scheduled PCI (CAD Group, n=40) and controls with symptoms mimicking CAD without stenosis in angiography (Control Group, n=43). Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 29;50(11):e7. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Oncologic Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 19;50(12):e8. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 16;50(11):e6. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

In the article, the name of the co-author was given incorrectly. The correct name of the author is Mohammad Ali Mansournia. In the abstract section the correct abbreviation of “mean difference” is MD. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 8;51(1):54-61. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

The objective of the study was to measure the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and assess their relationships with cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A group of 267 women, aged 20-35 years (24.7 ± 4. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 7;51(1):47-53. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Nikea-Piraeus General Hospital "Agios Panteleimon", Athens, Greece.

Patients harboring adrenal tumors are characterized by higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications, especially in cases of subclinical or overt hormonal hypersecretion. Early detection and referral of those patients in tertiary centers could prevent unfavorable outcomes. In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, we evaluated 111 consecutive patients with adrenal incidentalomas and 14 patients with known hypersecretory adrenal lesions (autonomous cortisol secretion, primary aldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma), who were investigated in our clinic. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 5;50(12):863-870. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

In the last 3 years, the association of thyrotropin receptor gene (TSHR) variations to Graves' disease (GD) has been confirmed. It is now well established that a 30 Kb region of intron 1 of the TSHR gene is linked to GD predisposition. Elucidating the mechanism(s) by which these polymorphisms confer susceptibility is difficult but would constitute an important advance in endocrine autoimmunity in general. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 5;51(1):69-75. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Radioiodine refractoriness in differentiated thyroid cancer remains an unsolved therapeutic problem. Response to retinoids might depend on specific genetic markers. In this retrospective analysis, associations between BRAF V600E and clinical outcomes after redifferentiation with retinoic acid (RA) and radioiodine therapy (RIT) were investigated. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 5;50(11):827-831. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

In euthyroidism, as thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increase, the free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio increases. The aim of this study was to assess if beyond the euthyroid range of TSH levels FT3/FT4 ratio continues to increase and if levothyroxine treatment reduces this ratio, possibly through TSH suppression. This cross sectional retrospective study included a total of 77 832 patients [age 22. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 5;50(11):816-821. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to changes in metabolic processes. Partial loss of kidney function leads to homoeostatic disturbances in bone and fatty tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma concentrations of Klotho protein, FGF23, leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis period. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 5;50(11):797-802. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Endocrinology, Brussel, Belgium.

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) is a formally recognized variant of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), characterized by normal total and ionized serum calcium concentrations and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, in the absence of secondary causes for hyperparathyroidism. NPHPT has been studied previously, but data are limited and confounded. We aimed to compare the clinical and biochemical data of normocalcemic and hypercalcemic subjects in a hospital-based population. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Nov 5;50(11):791-796. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and long-term therapeutic outcome of giant prolactinoma (gPRLoma) in men and to compare them with those of a group of male patients with non-gPRL macroprolactinomas (non-gPRLomas). A retrospective and multicenter study of gPRLomas in men diagnosed in a 20-year period was performed. Clinical data and treatment outcome were registered. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 11 5;50(11):783-790. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to clarify the effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control. Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until July 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias for included trials. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 26;50(12):894-907. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.

The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), the lutropin- (LHR), and the follicotropin receptor (FSHR) belong to glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHR), a subgroup of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. In this review, the unique features of GPHR have been taken into account for their pharmacological interventions: i) The respective hormone and stimulating or blocking antibodies are binding on the large ectodomain that is ii) via a hinge region, containing iii) an internal tethered agonist linked to the transmembrane domain. iv) Multimerization and mechanisms for negative or positive cooperativity of GPHR upon ligand binding and v) dimer- and oligomeric arrangements enabling trans-activation on GPHR signaling are considered. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 25;50(12):908-921. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Human thyroid peroxidase (TPO), is an important enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and is a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) such as the destructive Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although the structure of TPO has yet to be determined, its extracellular domain consists of three regions that exhibit a high degree of sequence similarity to domains of known three-dimensional structure: the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-like domain, complement control protein (CCP)-like domain, and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Homology models of TPO can therefore be constructed, providing some structural context to its known function, as well as facilitating the mapping of regions that are responsible for its autoantigenicity. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Dec 24;50(12):840-852. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

After investigating thyroid autoimmunity for more than 40 years, we present a personal perspective on the field. Despite effective therapies for Graves' hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, cures are elusive. Novel forms of therapy are being developed, such as small molecule inhibitors of the TSH receptor (TSHR), but cure will require immunotherapy. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2019 Jan 19;51(1):42-46. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea.

Long-term effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on bone health remain unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the possible association of bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites with T2D after correcting for several potential confounders such as age, sex, Tanner stage, and BMI known to affect BMD in adolescents with newly developed T2D. In this cross-sectional study, 17 children and adolescents with T2D and 59 age, sex, and BMI-matched controls were included. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Oct 12;50(10):754-760. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

Context: The effects of endocrine aberrations associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on bone mineral density (BMD) in young women is a matter of debate.

Objectives: To compare BMD in young women with PCOS to age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls and to elucidate its correlation to BMI, insulin resistance and serum testosterone.

Design And Methods: We recruited 60 women with PCOS aged 14-24 years, diagnosed based on Rotterdam 2003 criteria, and 58 age matched controls. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Oct 12;50(10):747-753. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is high globally, and vitamin D supplementation draws particular attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of stratified vitamin D supplementation in middle-aged and elderly individuals with vitamin D insufficiency in Beijing. A total of 448 subjects aged over 40 years old were selected from a community in Beijing. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2018 Oct 12;50(10):738-746. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, China.

Bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, have become the most widely used and effective anti-resorptive therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Previous genetic studies suggest that ethnicity may drive differing responses to bisphosphonate therapy in East Asians and non-East Asians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of alendronate upon lumbar spinal BMD and vertebral fracture rates in East Asians and non-East Asians with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Read More