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Dis Mon 2020 Jul 1:101042. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Division of Ophthalmology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. Electronic address:

Patients with infection or inflammation of the eyelid will often first present to their primary care physicians with symptoms such as redness, swelling, tearing, itchiness, or a foreign body sensation. There are a variety of conditions that affect the eyelid which can cause such symptoms, and the exam and history can help a provider differentiate some of the more common conditions. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the background, diagnosis and management of dry eye disease, chalazion, hordeolum (stye), and preseptal cellulitis. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Feb;145(2):306e-315e

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia.

Background: Patients with horizontal lower lid laxity undergoing lower lid blepharoplasty are at a high risk for lid malposition. Prophylactic correction of horizontal lower lid laxity during blepharoplasty may alleviate this risk. In this article, the authors describe a novel lower lid blepharoplasty technique, the KS-pexy (named after its originators, Kuhnt and Szymanowski), for correcting horizontal lower lid laxity. Read More

Aust J Gen Pract 2019 08;48(8):509-514

DHSc FRANZCO, Chairman, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, SA; Foundation Chair, The University of Adelaide, SA; Consultant Oculoplastic Ophthalmologist, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA.

Background: Patients with eyelid lesions often present in the primary healthcare setting. Although most eyelid lumps are benign, accurate diagnosis and early recognition of sinister lesions leads to improved patient outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of common eyelid lesions presenting to the general practitioner. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Nov;116(11):1074-1078

Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle, Deutschland.

Background: A pyogenic granuloma is a frequent palpebral pseudotumor. Showing a typical clinical picture after an inflammation (hordeolum, chalazion) it can be easily diagnosed and sometimes a histopathological analysis is thought to be unnecessary.

Methods: A case report of a patient suffering from a palpebral metastasis of a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) as an atypical differential diagnosis of an inflammatory pseudotumor of the eyelid is presented. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Sep 10;19:1074-1077. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

BACKGROUND Ocular Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) involving the conjunctiva and ocular adnexa is uncommon and is usually treated with cryotherapy or surgical excision. We report a case of ocular KS successfully treated with HAART combined with 8 cycles of weekly docetaxel. CASE REPORT Our patient was a 24-year-old, treatment-naïve, HIV-positive (CD4 cell count 198 cells/mm3), homosexual man treated as having atypical hordeolum and subconjunctival hemorrhage, and later confirmed with pathology to have ocular KS with immunohistochemistry study showing KS with positive HHV8, CD34, CD31, and focal positive staining with Factor VIIIRA. Read More

PLoS One 2018 7;13(9):e0203705. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Objective: To retrospectively identify epidemiological trends of infection on the ocular surface and investigate trends of resistance to bacterial antibiotics compared with 10-years previous for Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and Corynebacterium in Japan.

Materials And Methods: Bacterial isolate samples were collected from the conjunctival sacs of eyes afflicted with conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, and hordeolum from September 2004 through November 2005 (n = 145 isolates) and September 2014 through November 2015 (n = 195 isolates) at the Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 08 6;18(1):371. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Colonisation with Panton-Valentine Leukocidin expressing strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PVL + SA) is characterised by recurrent skin and soft tissue infections. While periorbital and orbital infections are common in children and frequently caused by S. aureus the role of PVL + SA in recurrent eye infections has not been studied. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 04;178(4):989-990

Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Skinmed 2017;15(4):293-295. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

A 23-year-old white man presented to our dermatology department complaining of pruriginous and erythematous papulopustules on the right cheek that had developed 6 months previously. He had a history of chronic blepharitis, complicated by a recurrent hordeolum that had been treated with warm compresses and topical antibiotic ointment (chloramphenicol) for approximately 2 years. The patient had oily skin and atopy (allergic rhinitis) and did not experience photosensitivity or flushing or have previous exposure to immunosuppressants or topical/systemic corticosteroids. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2017 Jun;44(6):501-506

Division of Drug Information, Dept. of Pharmacotherapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy.

S-1 is an oral antineoplastic agent containing tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium. Recently, ophthalmic disorders, particularly epiphora, have been reported. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of ophthalmic disorders in patients treated with a regimen containing S-1 at our institution. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Mar 1;11(3):SC05-SC06. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Senior Resident, Department of Paediatric, JK Lon Hospital, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Introduction: Long term use of corticosteroids in Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is associated with ocular complications such as Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (PSC), glaucoma, increased intra-ocular pressure, ptosis, mydriasis, eyelid skin atrophy, keratisis, thinning of cornea and sclera, repeated hordeolum exacerbations.

Aim: To determine ocular abnormalities in children with NS and their association with steroid dosing and duration.

Materials And Methods: Hundred patients with NS in the age group of 2-18 years, with no evidence of other systemic disease, were considered for the study. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 02 9;2:CD011075. Epub 2017 Feb 9.

School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Background: Hordeolum is an acute, purulent inflammation of the eyelid margin usually caused by obstructed orifices of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid. The condition, which affects sebaceous glands internally or externally, is common. When the meibomian gland in the tarsal plate is affected, internal hordeolum occurs, while when the glands of Zeis or Moll associated with eyelash follicles are affected, external hordeolum, or stye occurs. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2016 Dec 31;54(6):787-792. Epub 2016 Dec 31.

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan disease which is endemic in Iran. It is transmitted by the sand fly. The eyelid is rarely involved possibly because the movement of the lids impedes the sand fly from biting the skin in this region. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 01 9;1:CD007742. Epub 2017 Jan 9.

Center for Clinical Trials and US Cochrane Center, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Mail Rm E6152, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205.

Background: A hordeolum is a common, painful inflammation of the eyelid margin that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection affects oil glands of the eyelid and can be either internal or external. In many cases, the lesion drains spontaneously and resolves without treatment; however, the inflammation can spread to other ocular glands or tissues, and recurrences are common. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2016 14;2016:7526120. Epub 2016 Nov 14.

Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.

. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between MGL and ocular symptoms, several systemic conditions, and key markers of ocular surface health. . Read More

Ophthalmologe 2017 Feb;114(2):134-139

Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Köln, Deutschland.

Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid is an aggressive, highly malignant tumor of the skin. Totaling approximately 0.5 % of all tumors of the eyelid, it constitutes a relatively small group of lid tumors. Read More

J Optom 2017 Apr - Jun;10(2):104-110. Epub 2016 Jul 14.

Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria.

Purpose: Most causes of childhood blindness are treatable or preventable. Knowledge of parents' awareness and perception of eye problems is important in helping to understand parents' eye care seeking behavior. This understanding becomes necessary as early detection and intervention can be effective when done at an early age. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2016 Jun;93(12):991-8

Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.

Eye problems constitute 2% to 3% of all primary care and emergency department visits. Common eye conditions that can cause eye pain are conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, and hordeolum, and some of the most serious eye conditions include acute angle-closure glaucoma, orbital cellulitis, and herpetic keratitis. The history should focus on vision changes, foreign body sensation, photophobia, and associated symptoms, such as headache. Read More

MMW Fortschr Med 2016 May;158(10):44

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J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016 Jul 17;53(4):206-11. Epub 2016 May 17.

Purpose: To present the clinical features of the eyelid nodules observed in a newly determined dermatologic disorder, idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (IFAG), and to compare them with children having acute hordeolum and chalazion.

Methods: Duration of the lesion, localization, presence of coexisting facial nodules, management strategies, and response time to topical/oral antibiotics were retrospectively reviewed in 50 children with IFAG, acute hordeolum, or chalazion.

Results: Fourteen children with one or more IFAG nodules on their eyelids, 28 children with one or more acute hordeolum, and 8 children with one or more chalazion were examined. Read More

Cleve Clin J Med 2016 05;83(5):332-4

Department of Ophthalmology, ABM University Health Board, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.

Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2016 Apr;34(2):182-3

Conjunctival scrapings for cytological examination and demodicid mite microscopic examination were performed in 55 cases of blephartis patients. Demodicid mites were detected in 40 cases, with a detection rate of 72.7%. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2016 Mar 4;30(3):438-46. Epub 2015 Dec 4.

Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, degree and risk of corneal involvement, and visual impact in a pediatric population with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC).

Methods: Retrospective, observational, case-control study. Clinical records of patients ≤16 years old with BKC seen between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2016 Feb 11;101(2):183. Epub 2015 Nov 11.

Pediatric Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale Santobono-Pausilipon di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.

Am Fam Physician 2015 Jul;92(2):106-12

Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.

The swollen red eyelid is a common presentation in primary care. An understanding of the anatomy of the orbital region can guide care. Factors that guide diagnosis and urgency of care include acute vs. Read More

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2014 Oct-Dec;4(4):317-8

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Apr;2014

School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The objective of this review is to determine the effects and, when possible, the safety of acupuncture for the treatment of acute hordeola, in comparison to no specific treatment (e.g. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2014 Nov 10;53(11):e547-8. Epub 2014 Sep 10.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2014 Feb;34(2):167

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2013 Sep;33(9):803-7

School of TCM, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.

Objective: Using the data mining technology to analyze the application law of bloodletting therapy for the diseases relevant with soft tissue infection and explore the effect specificity of bloodletting therapy.

Methods: The variety of diseases treated with bloodletting therapy was taken as the sample data by collecting the reports from the periodical literatures. The network database of bloodletting literature was set up. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2013 Oct;30(5):494-501

Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,

Background: Infestation by Demodex spp. in the palpebral edge follicles in humans is common. However, these mites are not routinely diagnosed in patients with or without ocular pathologies in Chile and their relevance is unclear. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2013 Apr;38(2):148-51

The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of ear-apex blood-letting for external sty.

Methods: A total 102 sty patients were randomized into ear-apex blood-letting group (n = 51) and routine treatment (medication) group (n = 51) according to computer-aided randomization procedure. Ear-apex-bloodletting (5-6 blood drops/time) was performed once daily for 3 times for the patients of blood-letting group. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr 30(4):CD007742. Epub 2013 Apr 30.

Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Background: Hordeolum is a common, painful inflammation of the eyelid margin that is usually caused by bacterial infection. The infection affects oil glands of the eyelid and can be internal or external. In many cases, the lesion drains spontaneously and resolves untreated; however, the inflammation can spread to other ocular glands or tissues, and recurrences are common. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2013 May 2;88(5):e30-2. Epub 2013 Apr 2.

Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2013 May;31(2):387-97

Department of Emergency Medicine, Synergy Medical Education Alliance, 1000 Houghton Avenue, Saginaw, MI 48602, USA.

Ocular inflammation and infection may involve any part of the eye and surrounding tissue. A complete examination, including visual acuity, extraocular movements, pupillary response, slit lamp examination, and fluorescein staining, is often required to establish the diagnosis. Pain relief may be achieved with oral analgesics and cycloplegics. Read More

Clin Ther 2012 Feb 26;34(2):305-13. Epub 2012 Jan 26.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor used to treat advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. A generic 1-mg tablet of anastrozole was recently developed.

Objective: The study was designed to provide data to submit to Korean regulatory authorities to allow marketing of the test formulation. Read More

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2011 Sep;31(9):782

J Med Assoc Thai 2011 Jun;94(6):721-4

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: To assess the current pattern of treatment among ophthalmologists in Thailand.

Material And Method: A two-page Thai questionnaire was distributed to Thai ophthalmologists' annual meeting. Other questionnaires were sent to the eye institute or conducted by telephone interviews. Read More

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2011 Jan;31(1):90

Oftalmologia 2010 ;54(3):66-71

Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă Pentru Copii Cluj-Napoca.

In this article we will present a clinical case particularly interesting in terms of diagnosis, treatment and evolution of a infant who presented in our service because very serious evolution of a hordeolum, with infection and then complete necrosis of lower and upper eyelids of both eyes. The substrate counterproductive evolution was identified later, by genetic analysis (X-linked Bruton congenital agammaglobulinemia). Read More

J AAPOS 2010 Dec 19;14(6):527-9. Epub 2010 Nov 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, symptoms, clinical signs, and therapy instituted in children with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC).

Methods: In this observational, retrospective case series, we reviewed all medical records of pediatric patients presenting to the ophthalmology clinic at the Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India from 2003 to 2006. History, clinical characteristics, and treatment protocol were noted, as well as reason for presentation/referral and subsequent diagnosis. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010 Sep 8(9):CD007742. Epub 2010 Sep 8.

Center for Clinical Trials, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, W5010, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 21205.

Background: Hordeolum is a common, painful, inflammation of the eyelid margin that is usually caused by bacterial infection. The infection affects oil glands of the eyelid and can be internal or external. In many cases, the lesion drains spontaneously and resolves untreated; however, the inflammation can spread to other ocular glands or tissues and recurrences are common. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010 Jul 19;227(7):568-74. Epub 2010 Jul 19.

Augenklinik der Universität Witten/Herdecke, Hagen.

Canaliculitis is a rare disease of the lacrimal pathway, especially of the canaliculi. It is often not identified, therefore misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. It accounts 2 % of all lacrimal diseases. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010 Apr-Jun;53(2):281-6

Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu- 627001, India.

Background/aims: The eye may be infected from external sources or through intra-ocular invasion of micro-organisms carried by the blood stream. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify the specific bacterial pathogens causing ocular infections and to determine their in-vitro antibacterial susceptibilities to commonly used antibacterial agents.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with clinically diagnosed bacterial ocular infections such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, internal and external hordeolum, suppurative scleritis, canaliculitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, preseptal cellulitis, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis presenting between January 2005 and December 2005 was performed. Read More

Singapore Med J 2010 Mar;51(3):e51-3

Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074.

Necrotising fasciitis is a rare and rapidly spreading soft tissue infection characterised by widespread necrosis of the superficial fascia and usually occurring in the limbs and the abdominal wall. Periocular necrotising fasciitis is unusual due to the excellent blood supply of the facial region. The usual pathogens are Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Read More

Clin Ther 2010 Jan;32(1):206-16

Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: A controlled-release (CR) formulation of simvastatin was recently developed in Korea. The formulation is expected to yield a lower C(max) and similar AUC values compared with the immediate-release (IR) formulation.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of the new CR formulation and an IR formulation of simvastatin after single- and multiple-dose administration in healthy Korean subjects. Read More

Harv Mens Health Watch 2009 Aug;14(1)

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2009 May;29(5):397-9

Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.

In order to explore the suitable diseases and symptoms treated by bleeding therapy so as to guide the clinical practice. The retrospective study of periodical literature series is used and all clinical literatures about bleeding therapy were searched in the China Journal Full Text Database in CNKI, the VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database (CSJD), Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Bio-medical Literature Database, and the frequen cy of the literature and the total cases treated with bleeding therapy were statistically analyzed, and the principles and methods of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine were used to classify and grade the literatures, and the diseases were classified according to the international statistical classification about diseases and related healthy problems (ICD10) issued by World Health Organization. As a result, 1149 effective literatures including 98,526 cases were searched out, which were involved in 18 major systems and 261 kinds of diseases. Read More