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Clin Perinatol 2019 Jun 28;46(2):235-256. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Magee-Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address:

Viral infections are common complications of pregnancy. Although some infections have maternal sequelae, many viral infections can be perinatally transmitted to cause congenital or chronic infection in fetuses or infants. Treatments of such infections are geared toward reducing maternal symptoms and complications and toward preventing maternal-to-child transmission of viruses. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

b Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea.

Background In South Korea, one-dose varicella vaccine was included in the National Immunization Program for children aged 12-15 months in 2005, and the vaccine coverage reached >95%. The impact of varicella vaccination on varicella and herpes zoster (HZ) was investigated, accounting for demographic changes over time. Methods We calculated the crude and age-sex standardized incidence rates (IRs) and age-specific IRs of varicella and HZ from 2003 to 2015, using the National Health Information Database including approximately 50 million Koreans. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 Apr 19:e13563. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Transplant Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON.

These updated guidelines of the AST IDCOP review vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. General principles of vaccination as well as the use of specific vaccines in this population are discussed. Vaccination should be reviewed in the pre-transplant setting and appropriate vaccines updated. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 29;10:617. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory receptor, similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, and is mainly expressed on B-, T-, and all mature lymphocyte cells. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-BTLA plays a critical role in immune tolerance and immune responses which are areas of intense research. However, the mechanisms of the BTLA and the BTLA/HVEM signaling pathway in human diseases remain unclear. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Apr 12:e27752. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is linked to a variety of malignancies; most endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) harbor EBV, whereas only a subset of the cases of sporadic BL is EBV positive.

Procedure: We retrospectively determined the herpesvirus seroprevalence at the time of diagnosis in pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients enrolled in NHL-BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster) studies. We accessed the seroepidemiological data from 1147 patients that became available during 1990-2007. Read More

Vaccine 2019 May 8;37(19):2537-2553. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Clinical trials covering the immunogenicity of a vaccine aim to study the longitudinal dynamics of certain immune cells after vaccination. The corresponding immunogenicity datasets are mainly analyzed by the use of statistical (mixed effects) models. This paper proposes the use of mathematical ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, combined with a mixed effects approach. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Apr 8;89:337-344. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China. Electronic address:

Grass carp shares the largest portion of the aquaculture production in China, but hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) often results in tremendous loss of fingerlings and yearlings, causing significant economic damages. However, it is difficult to study antiviral mechanisms in grass carp in vivo due to its large size and long reproductive cycle. Therefore, a small cyprinid species named rare minnow with high sensitivity to GCRV, is regarded as a useful model to study the mechanisms of this disease. Read More

Sci Transl Med 2019 Apr;11(487)

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (nHSV) infections cause devastating morbidity and mortality in infants. Most nHSV cases are associated with primary maternal infection, consistent with the hypothesis that maternal immunity is protective. In humans, we found HSV-specific neutralizing antibodies in newborns of immune mothers, indicating that placentally transferred HSV-specific antibody is protective. Read More

J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

1 Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, University of Wrocław Medical College, Wrocław, Poland.

Interferon alpha (IFN-α) is a glycoprotein with antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activity, used widely in the treatment of viral infections (hepatitis B and C, condylomata acuminata, herpes zoster, etc.), hematological disorders (leukemia, multiple myeloma, T cell lymphoma, and essential thrombocythemia), and solid tumors (clear cell carcinoma in the metastatic stage, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cervical neoplasia). Studies have proven the effectiveness of IFN-α in the treatment of ophthalmic disorders involving the anterior segment of the eye (conjunctival papilloma, squamous neoplasia, conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, Mooren's ulcer, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis) and the posterior segment of the eye (serpiginous choroidopathy, posterior uveitis, pseudophakic and diabetic cystoid macular edema, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy). Read More

Epigenetics 2019 Apr 5:1-10. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

b Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital , First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , P.R. China.

A previous study reported that miR-155-5p knockout mice were more resistant to herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that HSV-1 infection upregulates miR-155-5p expression. Read More

Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019 28;12:1756286419836913. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Neurology, Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Whereas drugs used for maintenance/escalation therapy do not maintain their beneficial effect after cessation of therapy, some new highly effective therapies can show prolonged treatment effects after a short treatment course. Such therapies have been named pulsed immune reconstitution therapies or pulsed immunosuppressive therapies, and typical representatives are alemtuzumab and cladribine. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be considered as the strongest immune reconstitution therapy. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 3;19(1):87. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.

Background: To report the epidemiology and clinical features of viral anterior uveitis in patients in southern Taiwan.

Methods: A retrospective, case series study. HLA-B27 negative anterior uveitis patients with increased intraocular pressure or corneal edema seen at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 1, 2007 to January 31, 2018 had their aqueous sent for polymerase chain reaction analysis. Read More

J Oral Biosci 2019 Mar 11;61(1):16-21. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address:

Osteoclasts are functional cells required for bone resorption. They are derived from hematopoietic precursors and undergo a series of differentiation and fusion steps in response to various humoral factors. Depending on the importance in osteoclastogenesis, the pathways for the differentiation of hematopoietic precursors to mature osteoclasts can be divided into two categories: canonical and the non-canonical. Read More

Clin Epigenetics 2019 03 27;11(1):55. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besançon cedex, France.

Epigenetics is defined as the science that studies the modifications of gene expression that are not owed to mutations or changes in the genetic sequence. Recently, strong evidences are pinpointing toward a solid interplay between such epigenetic alterations and the outcome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Guided by the previous possibly promising experimental trials of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epigenetic reprogramming, the latter is paving the road toward two major approaches to control viral gene expression or latency. Read More

Curr Med Res Opin 2019 Mar 27:1-12. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

e Baycrest Health Sciences , Toronto , Canada.

Background: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate later in life as herpes zoster infection (HZI), a severe disease resulting in painful complications such as post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine has been indicated for use among adults 50 years and older for prevention of HZI. Currently, no clinical practice guideline or funding exists specifically for HZ immunization in long-term care facilities (LTCF) for adults age >60 years. Read More

J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019 Apr 26;21(4):299-307. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China.

Six new glycosides (1-6), together with three known ones, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Rhododendron latoucheae. Their structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic data, including infrared spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, along with Mosher's method. In addition, all compounds were tested their antiviral (herpes simplex virus-1 and influenza A/95-359) activities. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2019 Mar 25:1-4. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

c Frankincense Biodiversity Unit, Research Center , Dhofar University , Salalah , Oman.

Nerium oleander (NO), a member of the Apocynaceae family, is an ornamental plant. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of hot and cold extract of NO against six different viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), polio virus type 1 (Sb-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), reovirus type-1 (Reo-1), human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), and yellow fever virus (YFV). Interestingly the results of plaque reduction assay demonstrated that both, hot extract and cold extract (breastin) of NO inhibited Sb-1 viral infection. Read More

Front Neurosci 2019 8;13:170. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of herpes zoster, manifesting as a persistent, spontaneous, knife-like pain or paroxysmal burning that seriously affects a patient's quality of life. An effective treatment of PHN is lacking. This retrospective study examined the efficacy and safety of stellate ganglion (SG) pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on facial and upper limb PHN. Read More

Viruses 2019 Mar 21;11(3). Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.

Epstein⁻Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that causes infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer, such as Burkitt lymphoma, T/NK-cell lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. As a herpesvirus, it encodes more than 80 genes, many of which have not been characterized. EBV HI S rightward reading frame 1 (BSRF1) encodes a tegument protein that, unlike its homologs herpes simplex virus unique long 51 (UL51) and human cytomegalovirus UL71, has not been extensively investigated. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2019 Mar 22:1-7. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

d Dermatology Research and Education Foundation , Irvine , CA , USA.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has been associated with a significantly higher risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Several newer biologics such as secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab inhibit IL-17 and have been highly effective for treatment of psoriasis. However, adverse events related to the immunosuppressive properties of these biologics have been observed. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2019 Mar 7;7(3):587-588. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas.

An overlap between human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) -positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and HHV8-positive germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder has been proposed. We present a unique Epstein-Barr virus-associated case in which features of both conditions were present. Read More

Vopr Virusol 2019 ;64(1):23-29

The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, 194044, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Background: Patients with chronic herpes virus infection develop impaired IFN-α and IFN-γ products due to secondary immunodeficiency, which leads to impaired elimination of the intracellular virus and the development of chronic recurrent infection. It has been shown that IFN-γ is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine and has an antiviral effect.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to study the effect of Ingaron therapy on the dynamics of IFN-α and IFN-γ production and the clinical picture in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection (ChEBVI). Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 03 18;15(3):e1007601. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.

Influenza viruses (IVs) tend to rapidly develop resistance to virus-directed vaccines and common antivirals targeting pathogen determinants, but novel host-directed approaches might preclude resistance development. To identify the most promising cellular targets for a host-directed approach against influenza, we performed a comparative small interfering RNA (siRNA) loss-of-function screen of IV replication in A549 cells. Analysis of four different IV strains including a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 strain, an influenza B virus (IBV) and two human influenza A viruses (IAVs) revealed 133 genes required by all four IV strains. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1969:17-31

Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex, France.

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of invasive infections associated with high mortality and morbidity, notably meningitis and septicemia. Etiological rapid diagnosis is key for the preventive management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). However, conventional methods for diagnosis are time-consuming and could be hampered by the difficulties in culturing the isolates from clinical specimens especially due to early antibiotic treatment. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 03 14;15(3):e1007650. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a lymphotropic alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily member that produces varicella on primary infection and causes zoster, vascular disease and vision loss upon reactivation from latency. VZV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) disseminate virus to distal organs to produce clinical disease. To assess immune evasion strategies elicited by VZV that may contribute to dissemination of infection, human PBMCs and VZV-specific CD8+ T cells (V-CD8+) were mock- or VZV-infected and analyzed for immunoinhibitory protein PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG-3 and TIM-3 expression using flow cytometry. Read More

Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 Feb 14;36(1):17-27. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

a Department of Pediatric Oncology , Fukushima Medical University Hospital , Fukushima , Japan.

Long-term survival rates for pediatric patients with cancer have significantly improved, but novel approaches are desired for those with refractory/relapsed solid tumors. Recently, programed cell death-1/programed cell death-ligand-1 blockade has emerged as an effective option for many intractable cancers. However, not all patients show objective response to such therapy. Read More

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2019 Mar 13:1078390319831763. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

4 Lacey Eden, MS, FNP, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

Background: Adults who suffer with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) rarely access medical care to receive preventive vaccines.

Aims: To increase the rate of vaccines among the SPMI population in an outpatient community mental health center (CMHC).

Methods: A review of the literature identified a gap between the general population and SPMI clients in receiving preventive vaccinations. Read More

Neurol Clin Pract 2019 Feb;9(1):48-52

Departments of Neurology (ES, AMS) and Pathology (CL), Clinical Immunology (A. Marinho) Hospital Santo Antonio/ Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto; Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas de Abel Salazar (ES, AMS, GG), University of Porto, Portugal; Institute of Pathology (PS), University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences Group (NW, MIL), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK; and Institute of Pathology (A. Marx), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Purpose Of Review: Thymomas appear very rarely after extended thymectomy for early-onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG). We describe 2 such cases that highlight potential early warning signs.

Recent Findings: In their 20s, one woman and one man developed EOMG (AChR antibody-positive), requiring extended transsternal removal of hyperplastic thymi at ages 35 and 27, respectively. Read More

Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019 Apr;62(4):462-471

Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Deutschland.

The immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines is largely governed by nature and the amount of antigen(s) included. Specific immune-stimulating substances, so-called adjuvants, are added to vaccine formulations to enhance and modulate the induced immune response.Adjuvants are very different in their physicochemical nature and are primarily characterized by their immune-enhancing effects. Read More

Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018 Jul-Dec;8(2):161-162. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV), that attacks peripheral or cranial nerves and result in painful cutaneous inflammation. Boceprevir is a protease inhibitor which used as a new therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis C infection. Boceprevir associated herpes zoster is extremely rare condition. Read More

Nat Immunol 2019 Apr;20(4):516

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

In the version of this article initially published, the affiliations were incorrect. The correct affiliations are as follows: "Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 22;20(4). Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.

A recombinant subunit vaccine (Shingrix) was recently licensed for use against herpes zoster. This vaccine is based on glycoprotein E (gE) of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the most abundantly expressed protein of VZV, harboring sites for N- and O-linked glycosylation. The subunit vaccine elicits stronger virus-specific CD4+ T cell response as well as antibody B cell response to gE, compared to the currently used live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax). Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019 Feb 26:1-11. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ganciclovir (GCV) injection in refractory endotheliitis.

Methods: Retrospectively recruited 25 eyes with endotheliitis, proved by clinical manifestations, positive PCR for viral DNA and responded poor to topical and systemic antiviral medications. All patients received additional continued intravitreal GCV injections. Read More

Iran J Biotechnol 2018 May 15;16(2):e1610. Epub 2018 May 15.

Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a universal herpes virus which can cause a life-long and largely asymptomatic infection in the human population. However, the exact pathogenesis of the EBV infection is not well known.

Objective: A comprehensive bioinformatics prediction was carried out for investigating the molecular properties of the and to afford a foundation for future research of the role and instrument of BGLF2 in the course of EBV infection. Read More

Drug Deliv 2018 Nov;25(1):1950-1962

a Faculty of Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine , Yangtze University, Nanhuan , Jingzhou , Hubei , China.

Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) have been approved for clinical usage and become more and more popular for tumor virotherapy. However, there are still many issues for the oHSVs used in clinics and clinical trials. The main issues are the limited anti-tumor effects, intratumor injection, and some side effects. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Feb 19;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 19.

UMR U1179 INSERM/Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines (UVSQ)-Paris Saclay, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.

A set of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors expressing the light chains (LC) of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A, B, C, D, E and F was constructed. Their properties have been assessed in primary cultures of rat embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, and in organotypic cultures of explanted DRG from adult rats. Following infection of primary cultures of rat embryonic DRG neurons, the different BoNT LC induced efficient cleavage of their corresponding target Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor Attachment protein Receptor (SNARE) protein (VAMP, SNAP25, syntaxin). Read More

J Virol 2019 May 17;93(9). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA

Reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) from latency causes viral shedding that develops into recurrent genital lesions. The immune mechanisms of protection against recurrent genital herpes remain to be fully elucidated. In this preclinical study, we investigated the protective therapeutic efficacy, in the guinea pig model of recurrent genital herpes, of subunit vaccine candidates that were based on eight recombinantly expressed HSV-2 envelope and tegument proteins. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2019 Feb 20:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

g First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu , Japan.

Objectives: Baricitinib is a selective oral inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 for patients with moderately-to-severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Baricitinib's safety profile in Japanese patients was evaluated using six studies (five Ph2/Ph3 trials, one long-term extension study through 01 September 2016) from an integrated database (nine RA studies).

Methods: Incidence rates (IRs) or exposure-adjusted IRs (EAIRs) of adverse events (AEs) per 100 patient-years (PY) were calculated using data which included RA patients exposed to any baricitinib dose. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2019 Mar 2;17(3):1649-1655. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.

The present study aimed to examine the apoptotic effects of adenovirus (ADV)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (ADV-TK) combined with ganciclovir (GCV) in tissues obtained from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of this gene therapy program. Apoptosis detection was conducted using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay and the apoptosis index was compared between the experimental; and control groups. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-assoicated protein X (Bax) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were examined in pathological specimens using immunohistochemical staining. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (R.H., A.G., I.R.O., F.Z., K.D.).

Background: The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently developed recommendations for use of a new recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). Read More

Leuk Lymphoma 2019 Feb 18:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

a Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center , Rabin Medical Center , Petah-Tikva , Israel.

Data regarding presentation and management of human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation among autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are limited. We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of all autologous HCT patients tested for HHV-6 reactivation due to suspected clinical presentation between 1/2012 and 8/2017. Among 328 autologous HCT recipients, 44 patients were tested for HHV-6 reactivation. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia has long been recognized. Only a few studies to date have focused on this complication, and its actual incidence remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of postoperative herpes labialis (HL) in a cohort of patients treated with either percutaneous balloon compression or microvascular decompression to identify potentially significant differences between different treatments. Read More

Afr Health Sci 2018 Dec;18(4):1057-1065

Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515 Ilorin-Nigeria.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common among HIV-infected individuals. Its contribution to morbidity and mortality became more apparent following introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) which improved survival among HIV-infected individuals.

Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of both active and latent CMV infections among HIV-infected individuals on HAART in Ilorin, Nigeria. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Jan 28;7(2):256-258. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.

Aim: To examine the efficacy and safety of Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in Vietnamese vitiligo patients.

Methods: We recruited thirty-one patients (14 males, 17 females), aged from 7 to 67 years, with both segmental vitiligo (SV) and non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), treated three times weekly with NB-UVB. The starting dose for adults from 15 years old and children less than 15 years old was 200 mJ/cm and 150 mJ/cm, respectively, with 50 mJ/cm and 20 mJ/cm dose increments at each subsequent visit, respectively, until mild erythema lasting less than 24 hrs reported by patient, given for a period of 6 months. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019 Feb 1;43. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Director, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales

Introduction: The Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) network is a hospital-based active surveillance system employing prospective case ascertainment for selected serious childhood conditions, particularly vaccine preventable diseases and potential adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). PAEDS data is used to better understand these conditions, inform policy and practice under the National Immunisation Program, and enable rapid public health responses for certain conditions of public health importance. PAEDS enhances data available from other Australian surveillance systems by providing prospective, detailed clinical and laboratory information on children with selected conditions. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2019 Jan-Feb;94(1):111-113

Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém (PA), Brazil.

Dig Dis Sci 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background And Aims: Herpes simplex esophagitis (HSE) is the second most common cause of infectious esophagitis and occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to reappraise the clinical course of HSE in different patient populations based on degree of immunocompetence and the presence or absence of underlying esophageal disease.

Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed HSE identified from the Mayo Clinic pathology database from 2006 to 2016 were included in this study. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2018;134(6):25-32

Perm State Medical University named after E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya St., Perm, Russian Federation, 614000; Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 91 Pervomaiskaya St., Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620041.

Purpose: To analyze ophthalmic pathologies in HIV-infected patients of the ophthalmic hospitals of Perm city.

Material And Methods: Medical records of 75 HIV patients registered in Perm Regional Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases who had received treatment in ophthalmic in-patient clinics of Perm in 2005-2015 years were analyzed retrospectively. Patient examination included traditional ophthalmological methods, as well as immunological (determination of CD4 cells and viral load), serological (detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, toxoplasma), general clinical methods, and consultations by allied specialists. Read More

Cells 2019 Feb 3;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 3.

The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.

The primary envelopment/de-envelopment of Herpes viruses during nuclear exit is poorly understood. In Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), proteins pUL31 and pUL34 are critical, while pUS3 and some others contribute; however, efficient membrane fusion may require additional host proteins. We postulated that vesicle fusion proteins present in the nuclear envelope might facilitate primary envelopment and/or de-envelopment fusion with the outer nuclear membrane. Read More

Natl Health Stat Report 2018 Oct(119):1-17

Objective-This report compares prevalence of and change over time for five infectious disease outcomes for the Los Angeles County (LAC) and the U.S. populations. Read More