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Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021 Jun 9:166198. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Fetal and Perinatal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Some maternal infections, contracted before or during pregnancy, can be transmitted to the fetus, during gestation (congenital infection), during labor and childbirth (perinatal infection) and through breastfeeding (postnatal infection). The agents responsible for these infections can be viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi. Among the viruses most frequently responsible for congenital infections are Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex 1-2, Herpes virus 6, Varicella zoster. Read More

PLoS Med 2021 Jun 7;18(6):e1003588. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: Cervical cancer elimination through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs requires the attainment of herd effect. Due to its uniquely high basic reproduction number, the vaccination coverage required to achieve herd effect against HPV type 16 exceeds what is attainable in most populations. We have compared how gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination strategies create herd effect against HPV16 under moderate vaccination coverage achieved in a population-based, community-randomized trial. Read More

Virology 2021 May 24;561:6-16. Epub 2021 May 24.

College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Based on the previously reported 13-residue antibacterial peptide analog, brevinin-1EMa (FLGWLFKVASKVL, peptide B), we attempted to design a novel class of antiviral peptides. For this goal, we synthesized three peptides with different stapling positions (B-2S, B-8S, and B-5S). The most active antiviral peptide with the specific stapling position (B-5S) was further modified in combination with either cysteine (B-5S3C, B-5S7C, and B-5S10C) or hydrophilic amino acid substitution (Bsub and Bsub-5S). Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021 Mar 19;25(Suppl 1):S46-S50. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Postgraduate Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Epstein-Barr virus-positive ulcer (EBV + U) is a recently reported B cell lymphoproliferative disorder in the oral cavity, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract and skin, principally in immunosuppressed patients. A 53-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate, presenting ulcers of unknown duration on the dorsum and the lateral left border of the tongue. Excisional biopsy, histopathological analysis and histochemical stains for syphilis (Warthin-Starry), mycotic diseases (Grocott silver methenamine), tuberculosis (Ziehl-Neelsen), immunohistochemistry tests for herpesvirus type 8 (CMV), EBV (LMP-1) and DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to CMV, EBV and herpes simplex virus-1 were performed. Read More

Vaccine 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Unity Health Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: In 2015/2016, Canada's largest provinces implemented publicly-funded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) ≤ 26 years old. We sought to describe HPV vaccine uptake among GBM and determine barriers and facilitators to vaccine initiation with a focus on healthcare access and utilization.

Methods: Engage is a cohort study among GBM aged 16 + years in three Canadian cities recruited from 2017 to 2019 via respondent driven sampling (RDS). Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2021 May 26;9(6). Epub 2021 May 26.

Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus that infects over 90% of the world's population and is linked to development of cancer. In immune-competent individuals, EBV infection is mitigated by a highly efficient virus-specific memory T-cell response. Risk of EBV-driven cancers increases with immune suppression (IS). Read More

J Prim Care Community Health 2021 Jan-Dec;12:21501327211014071

Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington, DC, USA.

Vaccine preventable diseases are responsible for a substantial degree of morbidity in the United States as over 18 million annual cases of vaccine preventable disease occur in the U.S. annually. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2021 May 20. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea (the Republic of)

Aims: Soluble immune checkpoint regulators (sICs) were reported to have clinical impact on the diagnosis and progress of various diseases. This study compared the serum levels of 16 sICs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to elucidate their clinical significance.

Methods: The sICs of 86 patients with CHB and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were measured using luminex-based multiplex assay. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 29;9:642625. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and immunity. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling is associated with numerous diseases. EGFR ubiquitination and endosomal trafficking are key events that regulate the termination of EGFR signaling, but their underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2021 May 15. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Paediatric Dentistry- Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25133, Brescia, Italy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapies administered to Italian adolescents with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) METHODS: The medical records of 74 adolescents with PHSG were reviewed. The following data were recorded: age, gender, day of onset, type of treatment, lesions' severity, pain scoring, eating, and drinking ability. The oral examination was performed at the first evaluation (T0) and after one week (T1). Read More

Mol Immunol 2021 Jul 11;135:351-364. Epub 2021 May 11.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Electronic address:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key regulator of RNA-polymerase II and a candidate therapeutic target for various virus infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus B, and human papillomavirus. We employed CDK9-IN-1, a selective CDK9 inhibitor, to investigate the role of CDK9 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. CDK9-IN-1 dose-dependently reduced PRRSV replication without cytotoxicity in the infected cells. Read More

MMWR Surveill Summ 2021 May 14;70(3):1-26. Epub 2021 May 14.

Problem/condition: Adults are at risk for illness, hospitalization, disability and, in some cases, death from vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly influenza and pneumococcal disease. CDC recommends vaccinations for adults on the basis of age, health conditions, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2021 06;137(6):968-978

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; the Department of Biostatistics, Medstar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Department of Urogynecology, Brown Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island; and the Department of Subspecialty Care for Women's Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Objective: To compare 6-month safety and efficacy outcomes of fractionated CO2 laser (laser) with topical clobetasol propionate (steroid) for treatment of symptomatic vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Methods: We conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial that compared fractionated CO2 laser with steroid treatment for patients with biopsy-proven lichen sclerosus. Randomization was stratified by prior clobetasol propionate use. Read More

Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Objective: Nearly 25% of SLE patients are hospitalized yearly, often for outcomes that may have been avoided if patients had received sustained outpatient care. We examined acute care use for vaccine-preventable illnesses to determine sociodemographic contributors and modifiable predictors.

Methods: Using U. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2021 Jun 3;35(6):e23786. Epub 2021 May 3.

Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.

Background: Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) are acute infections with high case fatality rates. It is of great significance for epidemic monitoring and prevention and control of infectious diseases by the development of a rapid, specific, and sensitive quantitative PCR method to detect two pathogens simultaneously.

Methods: Primers and TaqMan probes were designed according to highly conserved sequences of these viruses. Read More

J Clin Invest 2021 May;131(9)

Department of Dermatology and.

Recurrent genital herpes lesions are infiltrated by various leukocytes, yet the role of B cell subsets in this process is unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Ford et al. describe the presence and antibody-secreting role of local B cell populations in herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) recurrent lesions. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 28;22(9). Epub 2021 Apr 28.

School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 514400, China.

Deeply understanding the virus-host interaction is a prerequisite for developing effective anti-viral strategies. Traditionally, the transporter associated with antigen processing type 1 (TAP1) is critical for antigen presentation to regulate adaptive immunity. However, its role in controlling viral infections through modulating innate immune signaling is not yet fully understood. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Apr 20;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, I-38123 Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy.

Cav. () is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use to treat ailments. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid content evaluation using LC-ESI/MS analysis and various biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxicity) of organic extracts from the aerial parts of were analyzed. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 May;50(5):465-469

Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu Province, China.

To investigate the clinicpathological characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in transplanted lung, and to improve its diagnosis and treatment. The clinicopathological characteristics of PTLD in three transplanted lungs were evaluated at Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from 2014 to 2019. HE, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization were performed. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 12;12:619373. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Phytochemical investigation of Lam. leaves methanol extract (BIT) resulted in the isolation of six known compounds for the first time from the plant, namely, -hydroxybenzoic acid 1), caffeic acid 2), quercetin 3-O-D glucoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside 3), kaempferol 3-O-D glucoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside 4), quercetin 7-O-D glucoside 5) and kaempferol 6). BIT extract showed potent antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging between 0. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 27;21(1):468. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100, Terni, Italy.

Background: Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare, aggressive large B-cell lymphoma strictly linked to infection by Human Herpes virus 8/Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. In its classic form, it is characterized by body cavities neoplastic effusions without detectable tumor masses. It often occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-positive individuals. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021 Apr 21;34:102302. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Photonix Diagnostic Imaging, Chalappuram, Calicut, Kerala, India. Electronic address:

Background: The present clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in association with topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis in adolescent patients.

Materials And Methods: 45 individuals with herpes labialis were divided into three groups on the basis of provision of treatment. (a) Group I: Topical acyclovir therapy (AVT) (n = 15, mean age: 17. Read More

Virol J 2021 Apr 23;18(1):85. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA.

Gene delivery of antiviral therapeutics to anatomical sites where viruses accumulate and persist is a promising approach for the next generation of antiviral therapies. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the leading vectors for gene therapy applications that deliver gene-editing enzymes, antibodies, and RNA interference molecules to eliminate viral reservoirs that fuel persistent infections. As long-lived viral DNA within specific cellular reservoirs is responsible for persistent hepatitis B virus, Herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the discovery of AAV vectors with strong tropism for hepatocytes, sensory neurons and T cells, respectively, is of particular interest. Read More

Med Pr 2021 Apr 2;72(2):131-143. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. J. Nofera / Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Polska (Zakład Zagrożeń Fizycznych / Department of Physical Hazards).

Background: This work presents intentional use of harmful biological agents based on the National Register of Biological Agents (in Polish abbreviated as KRCB) as of July 2020.

Material And Methods: Generally, KRCB is a central database gathering notifications of intentional use of biological agents classified as risk groups 2-4 at work.

Results: Notifications were sent by 672 enterprises, including for diagnostic - 63%, research - 30% and industrial purposes - 7%. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2021 Jun 15;49(6):785-789. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Pathology, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

We present a rare case of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) in a 75 year old, HIV-negative male patient with multiple comorbidities. Imaging studies revealed a massive right pleural effusion and a significant lung collapse with multiple plural soft tissue nodules. Immediate thoracentesis was performed. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 12;13(3):e13847. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Internal Medicine/Nephrology, McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, USA.

A 64-year-old male with a history of transverse myelitis presented to the hospital with a decreased level of consciousness of one day's duration. CT of the head revealed intracranial hemorrhage measuring 2 x 1.2 cm in the right temporal lobe and multiple small hemorrhages in the left hemisphere, suggestive of vasculitis. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2021 Apr-Jun;64(2):302-309

Professor and Secretary Adult Hematolymphoid Disease Management Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background And Aim: Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder manifesting as multiple lymphadenopathy, multiorgan involvement, and inflammatory symptoms. This study aims at highlighting some unique features of MCD in Indian patients.

Materials And Methods: These 17 patients from review of 78 cases of Castleman's disease (CD) diagnosed. Read More

Gastroenterology 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (DAR B), Saint Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France.

N Engl J Med 2021 04 10;384(17):1613-1622. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

From the Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (G.K.F., K.K., L.N., K.-D.K., S.T., C.S., A.M.-S.), Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (T.P.A.), and Pediatric Infectious Disease (R.J.W.), and the Departments of Neurosurgery (G.K.F., J.M.J., J.M.M., G.Y.G.), Pathology (R.L.), Biostatistics (I.A.), and Radiation Oncology (J.B.F.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Children's of Alabama (G.K.F., J.M.J., R.L., K.K., A.M.-S., T.P.A., R.J.W.) - both in Birmingham; the Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis (A.K.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (D.P.) - both in Tennessee; the Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.D.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (S.F.S., Y.K., M.A.K.) and Neurology (Y.K.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (R.M.-K.); the Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant (K.W., D.S.O., M.S.A.) and the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (J.L.), Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.D.P.) - both in Columbus; and the Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (M.S.A.).

Background: Outcomes in children and adolescents with recurrent or progressive high-grade glioma are poor, with a historical median overall survival of 5.6 months. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are largely immunologically silent or "cold," with few tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Read More

Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2020 Jul-Dec;41(2):162-168. Epub 2020 Jul 31.

Department of Dermatology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Context: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a well-established synergistic relationship with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Coinfection with HIV and STI can increase the probability of HIV transmission to an uninfected partner by increasing HIV concentrations in genital lesions, genital secretions, or both. Concurrent HIV infection alters the natural history of the classic STIs. Read More