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Radiology 2020 Jun 30:200751. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (G.R.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (J.H.S.); Department of Radiology, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga (A.A.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (G.B.C.); Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY (V.C.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (J.T.D.); Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (G.K.); Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio (R.K.); Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, Calif (M.P.L.); Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex (P.M.M.); Nemours Children's Hospital, Nemours Children's Health System, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Fla (D.J.P.); Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, Calif (C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio (A.J.T.); and Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 5031, Cincinnati, OH 45229 (A.J.T.).

Appropriate imaging is imperative in evaluating children with a primary hepatic malignancy such as hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. For use in the adult patient population, the American College of Radiology created the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) to provide consistent terminology and to improve imaging interpretation. At present, no similar consensus exists to guide imaging and interpretation of pediatric patients at risk for developing a liver neoplasm or how best to evaluate a pediatric patient with a known liver neoplasm. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 Jun 26:e28537. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Division of Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.

Am J Med Genet A 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Rare Diseases and Clinical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome, caused by alterations in a cluster of imprinted genes located within the chromosome region 11p15.5. Common clinical features are overgrowth, macroglossia, lateralized overgrowth, abdominal wall defects, neonatal hypoglycemia and an increased risk of embryonal tumors, such as hepatoblastomas. Read More

Adv Mater 2020 Jun 2:e2001429. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, UMR104, Université Paris-Saclay, BP 72, Châtillon, 92322, France.

Fluorescence is ubiquitous in life science and used in many fields of research ranging from ecology to medicine. Among the most common fluorogenic compounds, dyes are being exploited in bioimaging for their outstanding optical properties from UV down to the near IR (NIR). However, dye molecules are often toxic to living organisms and photodegradable, which limits the time window for in vivo experiments. Read More

Liver Transpl 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Liver transplantation (LT) may have been viewed as the "last resort" for the treatment of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) due to advancement of imaging and interventional radiology techniques. However, some patients still require LT, and criteria for LT are yet to be determined. We conducted a national survey of cases undergoing LT for CEPS between June 1998 and August 2018 and evaluated the clinical data and outcomes with a review of previously reported cases from the English-language medical literature. Read More

Hepatology 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States.

Background & Aims: Despite surgical and chemotherapeutic advances, the five-year survival rate for Stage IV Hepatoblastoma (HB), the predominant pediatric liver tumor, remains at 27%. YAP1 and β-Catenin co-activation occurs in 80% of children's HB; however, a lack of conditional genetic models precludes tumor maintenance exploration. Thus, the need for a targeted therapy remains unmet. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

This essay aimed to illustrate the various hepatic nodules that may exhibit arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI). Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on CT/MRI include hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasms, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic bile duct adenoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma, hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma, and metastasis including neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Understanding the imaging findings is important to ensure correct diagnosis. Read More

Transplantation 2020 Jun;104(6):1131-1135

Multi-Organ Transplant, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases has long been abandoned because of dismal prognoses. After the dark ages, advances in chemotherapy and diagnostic imaging have enabled strict patient selection, and the pioneering study from the Oslo group has contributed to the substantial progress in this field. For unresectable neuroendocrine liver metastases, LT for patients who met the Milan criteria was able to achieve excellent long-term outcomes. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Mar 19;12(3). Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was first removed successfully with total hepatectomy and liver transplantation (LT) in a child over five decades ago. Since then, children with unresectable liver cancer have benefitted greatly from LT and a confluence of several equally important endeavors. Regional and trans-continental collaborations have accelerated the development and standardization of chemotherapy regimens, which provide disease control to enable LT, and also serve as a test of unresectability. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019 1;12(6):2305-2310. Epub 2019 Jun 1.

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor. Due to the rarity of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the liver, information regarding the disease is currently limited. We present herein a case of malignant liver SFT in a 17-year-old female, who was misdiagnosed with hepatoblastoma preoperatively. Read More

J Oncol 2019 15;2019:4564707. Epub 2019 Sep 15.

Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal malignancy globally and is increasing in incidence in the United States. Unfortunately, there are few effective systemic treatment options, particularly for disseminated disease. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan cell surface receptor overexpressed in most HCCs and provides a unique target for molecular therapies. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 10 16;49(11):1453-1462. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Effective surveillance is necessary for early detection of tumors in children with cancer predisposition syndromes. Instituting a surveillance regimen in children comes with practical challenges that include determining imaging modality and timing, and considering cost efficiency, accessibility, and the significant consequences of false-positive and false-negative results. To address these challenges, the American Association for Cancer Research has recently published consensus recommendations that focus on surveillance of cancer predisposition syndromes in children. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 10 16;49(11):1404-1421. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Malignant hepatic tumors in children are rare, comprising 1.3% of all pediatric malignancies. Following hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2019 Oct-Dec;62(4):556-560

Department of Paediatric Surgery, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in the pediatric population. Advances in pathological evaluation, imaging, risk stratification, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery including transplantation have improved survival of these children in the western countries. However, a successful outcome in developing countries such as India with limited resources poses great challenges to the clinician and the family. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Sep 18;11(9). Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of variables used in the 2017 PRE-Treatment EXTent of tumor (PRETEXT) system and the Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration-Hepatoblastoma Stratification (CHIC-HS) system in pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma. A retrospective analysis of data from the pediatric hepatoblastoma registry of a tertiary referral center was conducted to evaluate the clinical and imaging variables (annotation factors) of the PRETEXT staging system. The primary outcome was event-free survival (EFS). Read More

Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019 Aug 26:1-10. Epub 2019 Aug 26.

Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.

The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of no residual cancer tissue in the chemotherapy regression area (CRA) of hepatoblastoma after preoperative chemotherapy and to measure the distance between the tumor capsule and the residual cancer nests. All the tissues in the CRAs of the resected specimens were excised. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine the frequency of residual cancer tissue in the CRA, and the distances between the residual cancer nests and the tumor capsule were measured. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Aug 20;11(8). Epub 2019 Aug 20.

Division of Surgical Oncology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan.

Fluorescence-guided surgery with indocyanine green (ICG) for malignant hepatic tumors has been gaining more attention with technical advancements. Since hepatoblastomas (HBs) possess similar features to hepatocellular carcinoma, fluorescence-guided surgery can be used for HBs, as aggressive surgical resection, even for distant metastases of HBs, often contributes positively to R0 (complete) resection and subsequent patient survival. Despite a few caveats, fluorescence-guided surgery allows for the more sensitive identification of lesions that may go undetected by conventional imaging or be invisible macroscopically. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2020 02 25;109(2):404-414. Epub 2019 Aug 25.

Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Aim: To analyse incidence, treatment and outcomes of paediatric liver malignancies in Finland during 1987-2017.

Methods: Medical records and national cancer registry data of 47 children with liver malignancies were reviewed. Survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019 Jul 19. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead.

Following the discovery of a fetal hepatic tumor, labor was induced at 38 weeks, and a phenotypically normal female was delivered vaginally. A serum alpha-fetoprotein level at birth was 373,170 ng/mL. Postnatal magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a mass in the right lobe of the liver, and a percutaneous core biopsy revealed an epithelial type hepatoblastoma with predominantly embryonal histology. Read More

J Inherit Metab Dis 2019 09 17;42(5):793-802. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health University College London, London, UK.

Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency. Early-onset disease usually presents with a neonatal acute metabolic acidosis, rapidly causing lethargy, coma, and death if untreated. Late-onset patients have a better prognosis but develop common long-term complications, including neurological deterioration, chronic kidney disease, pancreatitis, optic neuropathy, and chronic liver disease. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 May 26;11(5). Epub 2019 May 26.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.

The curability of chemotherapy-resistant hepatoblastoma (HB) largely depends on the achievement of radical surgical resection. Navigation techniques utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) are a powerful tool for detecting small metastatic lesions. We herein report a patient who underwent a second living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) for multiple recurrent HBs in the liver graft following metastasectomy for peritoneal dissemination with ICG navigation. Read More

Front Oncol 2019 4;9:230. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland.

The aim of the following case report is to provide a description of the coexistence of two independent tumors in a child. A 9-month-old male was referred to Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology with hepatic tumor present on ultrasound imaging and symptoms of enlarged abdominal circumference. Physical examination revealed a palpable epigastric mass and the imaging techniques showed a tumor of the left hepatic lobe measuring 11 × 6. Read More

Ultrasound Med Biol 2019 06 9;45(6):1397-1406. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address:

The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical efficiency of 2-D shear wave elastography (2-D-SWE) for differentiating hepatoblastoma and hepatic hemangioma in children under 3 y of age. 2-D-SWE was performed in 109 consecutive patients with confirmed hepatic neoplasms by pathologic analysis or contrast-enhanced computed tomography plus follow-up observation, in which 71 patients were defined as the test group, and the remaining 38 patients were defined as the validation group. An elasticity value was obtained from each lesion. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2019 Apr-Jun;62(2):261-265

Department of Pathology, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign non-neoplastic lesion of the liver usually found in adults. It is uncommon in children, comprising 2-10% of all pediatric liver tumours. In children, it can occur at all ages, with increased frequency between 6-10 years. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 20;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Neonatal Unit, Al Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

A 43-year-old woman, whose pregnancy was complicated by the presence of a large single solid intra-abdominal fetal mass, was referred from the private sector into our fetal maternal unit at the Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.Investigations subsequently confirmed that this mass was a congenital hepatoblastoma, one of the very rare embryonic tumours. The baby had chemotherapy and surgical excision of the tumour. Read More

Oncotarget 2019 Feb 19;10(15):1475-1490. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy. Around 80% of HB demonstrate simultaneous activation of β-catenin and Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1). The mechanism by which these signaling pathways contribute to HB pathogenesis remain obscure. Read More

Eur Radiol 2019 Sep 20;29(9):5101-5110. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique malignancy that can be diagnosed and treated based on non-invasive imaging criteria without histological confirmation in cirrhotic patients, which opens the possibility, although rare, of false-positive diagnosis of the tumor. This brief review illustrates benign and non-HCC malignant lesions arising in cirrhotic liver that could have been erroneously diagnosed as HCC based on imaging criteria: focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, serum amyloid A-positive nodules, dysplastic nodules, spontaneously regressing lesions, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and metastatic adenocarcinoma. To determine the potential differences in clinical courses and post-treatment outcome of HCC diagnosed by imaging alone and those histologically, we suggest the terms HCCi and HCCp to distinguish between lesions that are diagnosed as HCC based on imaging alone from those diagnosed based on pathological examination, respectively. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2019 May 16;35(5):551-557. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

Background: Technology for detecting liver tumors and identifying the bile ducts using indocyanine green (ICG) has recently been developed. However, the usefulness and limitations of ICG navigation surgery for hepatoblastoma (HB) have not been fully clarified. We herein report our experiences with surgical navigation using ICG for in HB patients. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 03 13;179(3):455-466. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine and SSM Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether trisomy 18 patients are at an increased risk of tumor development and require formal tumor screening recommendations. A literature search of trisomy 18 patients with reports of tumors or malignancies, and compilation of all previously reported as well as new unreported cases was performed. 67 patients with trisomy 18 were found to have documented malignancies. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2019 Mar;44(3):229-231

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine.

Although Tc red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy is a very specific method to differentiate a hemangioma from other hepatic masses, several cases of false-positive Tc RBC scintigraphy have been previously reported throughout the literature. We report an additional case that presented in a 15-month-old boy with hepatoblastoma showing increased labeled RBC activity mimicking hemangioma. Read More

J Fish Dis 2019 Feb 10;42(2):319-323. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.

Eur J Cancer 2019 01 5;106:126-132. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris, France.

Background: To evaluate the impact of a microscopically positive resection margin (microPRM) on the outcome of hepatoblastoma patients pretreated with chemotherapy.

Methods: Local recurrence and survival rates of 431 children treated in the SIOPEL 2 and 3 trials were analysed comparing 58 patients with microPRM with 371 who had a complete resection (CR) and who were then stratified by risk category. The tumour was standard-risk in 312 patients and high-risk (PRETEXT IV and/or extrahepatic disease and/or α-fetoprotein [AFP]<100 ng/ml) in 117 patients. Read More

J Pathol Transl Med 2019 Mar 26;53(2):129-135. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Pathology, Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are predisposed to developing embryonal tumors, with hepatoblastoma being the most common type. Our patient showed hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, and paternal uniparental disomy in chromosome 11 and was diagnosed with BWS. When the patient was 9 months old, a 2. Read More

Minerva Pediatr 2018 10;70(5):497-498

Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao, University of Qingdao, Qingdao, China -

Am J Med Genet A 2018 11 5;176(11):2389-2394. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare contiguous gene deletion disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, prenatal/postnatal growth deficiency, intellectual disability, and seizures. Various malformations of internal organs are also seen. Neoplasia has not been documented as a typical feature of WHS. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Oct;34(10):749-750

From the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan.

Ultrasonography can be useful in the evaluation of children with abdominal complaints and may be the initial imaging modality in patients presenting with a newly recognized abdominal mass. Hepatoblastoma is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain in children and can rarely metastasize to the heart through vascular invasion. We report a case in which a 4-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain promptly underwent point-of-care ultrasound and was subsequently diagnosed with intracardiac invasion of an abdominal tumor. Read More

Clin Liver Dis 2018 11 24;22(4):753-772. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, CMSC 2-117, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address:

Although liver tumors are rare in the pediatric population, they are common in the setting of children with specific risk factors requiring increased awareness and, in some instances, screening. The evaluation of a liver mass in children is largely driven by the age at diagnosis, the presence of any medical comorbidities, and initial testing with alpha fetoprotein and imaging. Specific guidelines for the management of different tumors have been implemented in recent years such that a multidisciplinary approach is ideal and care should be provided by centers with experience in their management. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2018 Sep;24(35):3980-3999

Department of Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.

Pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second common malignant liver tumor in children after hepatoblastoma. It differs from the adult HCC in the etiological predisposition, biological behavior and lower frequency of cirrhosis. Perinatally acquired hepatitis-B virus, hepatorenal tyrosinemia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, glycogen storage disease, Alagille's syndrome and congenital portosystemic shunts are important predisposing factors. Read More

Clin Imaging 2018 Nov - Dec;52:273-279. Epub 2018 Aug 18.

Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.

Hepatoblastomas are complex pediatric tumors with several pathological subtypes, some of which demonstrate differing imaging features and portend varying prognosis. The radiologist plays a major role not only in the pre-surgical evaluation and baseline staging of the tumor, but also in guiding management and evaluating prognosis based on the PRETEXT (pretreatment extent of tumor) classification. We discuss the pathology, imaging features, and baseline evaluation, with a focus on the role of the radiologist in the management of these tumors. Read More

Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2018 03 1;2(3):173-179. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MD, USA.

Background: Cancer stage at diagnosis is crucial for assessing global efforts to increase awareness of childhood cancer and improve outcomes. However, consistent information on childhood cancer stage is absent from population cancer registries worldwide. The Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines, compiled through an international consensus process, were designed to provide a standard framework for collection of information on stage at diagnosis of childhood cancers. Read More

Oncol Lett 2018 Sep 4;16(3):3784-3790. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Department of Ultrasonography, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.

Angiogenesis is required for the growth of hepatoblastoma (HB). In the present study, an ultrasonic contrast agent, microbubbles (MB), was combined with an endoglin antibody, and then injected into nude mice with HB. This was conducted to detect specific binding to microvessels via non-linear harmonic imaging for tumor angiogenesis assessment. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2018 08 4;48(9):1234-1244. Epub 2018 Aug 4.

Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to characterize focal liver masses in the pediatric population. MRI is the preferred modality because of its superior contrast resolution and utility for obtaining functional sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MR exams performed with a hepatocyte-specific gadolinium-based contrast agent can characterize focal liver lesions, which helps in differentiating a common benign entity such as focal nodular hyperplasia from other liver pathology when the background liver is normal. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2018 08 4;48(9):1324-1336. Epub 2018 Aug 4.

Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Most pediatric malignancies require some form of cross-sectional imaging, either for staging or response assessment. The majority of these are solid tumors and this review addresses the role of MRI, as well as other cross-sectional and functional imaging techniques, for evaluating the most common pediatric solid tumors. The primary emphasis is on neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma and Wilms tumor, three of the most common non-central-nervous-system (CNS) pediatric solid tumors encountered in young children. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Jun 10;13(3):724-727. Epub 2018 May 10.

Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University Hospital, First Floor,1215 Lee St., Charlottesville, VA, 22908.

Pediatric hepatic rhabdoid tumors are rare tumors of the liver, with few cases reported in the literature. These aggressive tumors can be difficult to differentiate from hepatoblastomas on imaging alone, and surgical biopsy combined with special immunohistochemical stains can assist in differentiating these 2 tumor types. We present a case of hepatic rhabdoid tumor in a 7-month-old female infant, which was originally thought to be a hepatoblastoma; however, using BAF47 staining for INI-1 we were able to diagnose a rhabdoid tumor and affect the patient's medical oncologic therapy. Read More

Rev Col Bras Cir 2018 Jul 16;45(3):e1129. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Cirurgia Pediátrica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Objective: to determine, in pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms, the characteristics of pulmonary nodules identified on computed tomography, as well as the possibility of differentiating benign lesions from metastases.

Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to pulmonary resections of nodules diagnosed as metastases in a period of seven years. We compared computed tomography and surgery findings, as well as results of anatomopathological examinations. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018 Sep 15;28(9):1152-1155. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

1 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan .

Background: The curability of hepatoblastoma (HB) largely depends on the achievement of radical surgical resection, even for metastatic tumors. However, the extension of the metastatic tumor when viewed through an endoscope with the conventional white-light mode is often unclear. Advancements in imaging technology utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) have facilitated precise resection of metastatic HBs, owing to the longer retention of ICG in such lesions than in other normal tissues. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2018 Jun;131(12):1450-1456

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.

Background: Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious chronic complications of anthracyclines therapy. Assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) fails to detect subtle cardiac dysfunction of left ventricular (LV). This study aimed to detect and evaluate new parameters of subclinical anthracyclines' cardiotoxicity in children with solid tumor. Read More

Radiologe 2018 Jun;58(6):595-608

Sektion Pädiatrische Radiologie, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.

In comparison to adult patients, other specific entities of abdominal tumors occur in childhood and adolescence. These include malignant tumors originating from embryonic tissue, such as hepatoblastoma. Some of the abdominal tumors are already diagnosed prenatally or in neonates. Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2018 Oct 9;23(5):900-907. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given to children with unresectable hepatoblastoma to increase the rate and safety of curative complete surgical resection. Elevated levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (sAFP) decline with tumor shrinkage. In this single-institution retrospective study, we determined early dynamic changes of sAFP levels and tumor volume in children during therapy for unresectable hepatoblastoma. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2018 May 12;53(5):1042-1045. Epub 2018 Feb 12.

Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States. Electronic address:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment and surgical outcomes of patients of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) treated at a tertiary children's hospital.

Methods: A retrospective review of infants evaluated at Texas Children's Hospital for BWS from August 2000 to December 2016 was performed. Data collected included demographic information, clinical presentation, genetic evaluation, fetal imaging, operative treatment, and outcomes. Read More