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Liver Int 2021 Jun 22. Epub 2021 Jun 22.

Department of Pathology, UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) rarely occur in males, and if so, are frequently associated with malignant transformation. Guidelines are based on small numbers of patients and advise resection of HCA in male patients, irrespective of size or subtype. This nationwide retrospective cohort study is the largest series of HCA in men correlating (immuno)histopathological and molecular findings with the clinical course. Read More

Hepatology 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.

Background & Aims: Liver metastasis is a frequent occurrences in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), 15%-25% of CRC patients have liver metastases at the time of initial diagnosis (1). Specifically, some regional-stage patients with mild symptoms (stage Ⅰ or II) will also advance to liver metastases rapidly, even CRC lesion in situ is resected in time. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of liver metastasis is still unclear. Read More

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021 Jun;11(6):2785-2791

Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is a rare disease caused by a deficiency of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Here, we report a 17-year-old Chinese boy with GSD Ia. Clinical manifestations of the patient included hepatomegaly, growth retardation, doll face, and biochemical abnormalities, including hypoglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, and hyperlipidaemia. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly performed imaging technique with multiple indications and applications. There are two general groups of contrast agents used when imaging the liver, extracellular contrast agents (ECA) and hepatobiliary agents (HBA), each of which has its own advantages and limitations. Liver MRI with ECA provides excellent information on abdominal vasculature and better quality multi-phasic studies for characterization of focal liver lesions. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 28;22(11). Epub 2021 May 28.

General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.

Although radiological diagnostics have been progressing, pathological diagnosis remains the most reliable method for diagnosing liver tumors. In some cases, definite pathological diagnosis cannot be obtained by histological evaluation alone, especially when the sample is a small biopsy; in such cases, immunohistochemical staining is very useful. Immunohistochemistry is the most frequently used technique for molecular pathological diagnosis due to its broad application, ease of performance and evaluation, and reasonable cost. Read More

Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2021 May;25(2):215-220

Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Backgrounds/aims: Angiomyolipoma is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin derived from perivascular epithelioid cells. Due to rarity, hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) has been often misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or other hypervascular liver tumors based on imaging studies. This study investigated the clinicopathological correlation and post-resection outcomes of HAML. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2021 Jul;59(4):569-590

Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, UCSD Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, #8756, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. Electronic address:

Hepatic incidental findings often are seen on cross-sectional imaging examinations of the chest, spine, pelvis, or other nondedicated hepatic imaging. Radiologists are tasked with appropriately triaging, which requires further evaluation, even in the setting of an otherwise limited evaluation. This article reviews common benign entities encountered on ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, along with their characteristic imaging features. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Jul 30;16(7):1672-1674. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Hepatic artery aneurysms (HAA) are rare and may be seen in the setting of infection and vascular disease. Clinical presentation is variable but many are found incidentally during imaging studies. The association of HAA with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is rarely reported in literature. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2021 Jun 15;14(3):876-880. Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) account for approximately 1-2% of all gastrointestinal tumors. In particular, primary hepatic NETs (PHNETs) are extremely rare. A 42-year-old female patient was given a diagnosis of liver tumor after a medical check-up with ultrasonography. Read More

Gastrointest Tumors 2021 Apr 4;8(2):41-46. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare tumor, but it is the most common primary liver malignancy in children and comprised of approximately 1% of all pediatric malignancies. Mostly, this tumor is sporadic in nature but can show a syndrome association. Upregulation in Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be there in 70-80% cases of HB. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2021 Apr;48(4):572-574

Dept. of Surgery, Ikeda City Hospital.

During the follow‒up of Vater papillary adenoma, a 74‒year‒old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain and diagnosed as cholangitis with obstructive jaundice. Cholestasis had been considered to be caused by papillary adenoma, however, EUS exam showed continuous bile duct wall irregularity from papilla of Vater. So we diagnosed as papillary carcinoma with extension to the distal bile duct. Read More

Curr Med Imaging 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ, Turkey.

Pseudolymphoma of the liver (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia) (RLH) is a rare condition. It is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiological imaging. Imaging features are similar to hepatic adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and malignant lymphoma and are not specific for pseudolymphoma of the liver. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2021 Jun 22;139:109730. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To identify the value of discrepancies in the central scar (CS)-like structure between dynamic CT and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI for differentiating FNH from HCA.

Methods: This retrospective study included 113 patients with pathologically-diagnosed FNH (n = 80) or HCA (n = 37). CS-like structures were evaluated on arterial phase (AP) CT and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) MRI. Read More

Gastroenterology 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address:

Diagn Cytopathol 2021 Jul 30;49(7):864-875. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Radio-diagnosis, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.

Background: Cytomorphologic distinction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from its mimics on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often problematic. The present study evaluates the strength of cytomorphology and the utility of an immuno-panel of arginase-1, glypican-3, HepPar-1, thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) and CK-19 in resolving this diagnostic issue.

Methods: FNAC features of 71 nodular hepatic lesions were studied with an immunocyto/ histochemical (ICC/IHC) panel of arginase-1, glypican-3, HepPar-1, TTF-1 taking 10% positivity as "cut-off. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.

A variety of histologies is often mixed in neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) called mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN). However, tumors consisting of both large-cell NEC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are rare. NEC of the large intestine is aggressive; however, an ideal treatment strategy has not been established. Read More

Intern Med J 2021 Apr;51(4):613-615

Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021 Mar 13;17(3):113-118. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Abdominal Imaging The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX.

Am Surg 2021 Apr 16:31348211011084. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: Management of hepatocellular adenoma (HA) is marked by a paucity of recent studies. Long-term follow-up data from an equal access health care system may facilitate our understanding of the natural disease course of HA and identify modifiable risk factors.

Methods: A multi-institutional, retrospective review of patients with HA from 2008-2017 was performed. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Apr 3;22:e931368. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan.

BACKGROUND Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the liver is a rare hepatic neoplasm: a cystic, mucus-producing tumor. Histopathologic examination reveals ovarian-like stroma. The origin of MCN of the liver is still unknown, although ectopic ovarian-like stroma in the liver has been suggested as a possibility. Read More

JFMS Open Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;7(1):2055116921997665. Epub 2021 Mar 14.

Finn Pathologists, Harleston, UK.

A 13-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair rescue cat presented asymptomatically with raised hepatic enzymes following a routine pre-anaesthetic blood test. Cholangitis was suspected, and supportive treatment with 2 weeks of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 4 weeks of ursodeoxycholic acid and -adenosylmethionine was trialled, with no improvement in biochemistry parameters. Clinicopathological investigations also revealed a markedly raised total bilirubin and abnormal bile acid stimulation test. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2021 Mar 5. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School Of Health And Life Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Objective: To report a 20-year experience highlighting management and outcome(s) of paediatric testicular tumours.

Patients And Methods: All males (< 19 years) with an index diagnosis of testicular tumours during the era(s) 1998-2018 in North West England were identified. Data were collected regarding age at diagnosis, disease stage, surgical operations, tumour biology and outcome(s). Read More

J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021 Mar-Apr;11(2):260-263. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Departments of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Liver rupture in pregnancy is an acute condition with significant risk to the mother and fetus. It is known to occur with tumors such as hepatic adenoma, infective causes such as abscess, granulomatous diseases, and parasitic infections, and rarely spontaneously. Most of these conditions have overlapping clinicoradiological findings, almost always requiring histopathological confirmation. Read More

J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021 9;8:71-83. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Background: Woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), which resembles human hepatitis B virus, develop spontaneous hepatic tumors and may be an important biological and immunological model for human HCC. Nonetheless, this model requires further validation to fully realize its translational potential.

Methods: Woodchucks infected at birth with WHV that had developed HCC (n=12) were studied. Read More

Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021 Feb;67(1):24-41

Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.

Low birth weight (LBW) babies are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and are at increased risk for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. However, the molecular determinants of LBW are not well understood. Placental insufficiency/dysfunction is the most frequent etiology for fetal growth restriction resulting in LBW and placental epigenetic processes are suggested to be important regulators of pregnancy outcome. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 Feb 18;11(2). Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital-Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

The liver is the third most common site of abdominal tumors in children. This review article aims to summarize current evidence surrounding identification and diagnosis of primary hepatic tumors in the pediatric population based upon clinical presentation, epidemiology, and risk factors as well as classical imaging, histopathological, and molecular diagnostic findings. Readers will be able to recognize the features and distinguish between benign and malignant hepatic tumors within different age groups. Read More

Mol Immunol 2021 05 2;133:163-172. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, LiYang People's Hospital, No 70 Jianshe Westroad, LiYang, 213300, Jiangsu, China; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. Electronic address:

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expressing CD4CD25 regulatory T cells (Tregs), an essential subset of immune T cells for maintaining immune homeostasis is implicated as a negative regulator in an anti-tumor immune response. Current researches suggest that reducing tumor-infiltrating Tregs contribute to enhanced anti-cancer effect. However, the mechanism of infiltration of a large number of Tregs into tumor tissues is still unclear. Read More

Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021 May 2;37(5):355-360. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Vascular liver disease (VLD) presents special challenges in the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC arising in the setting of vascular liver disease is often thought to be due to elevated hepatic arterial blood flow, rather than progressive fibrosis from chronic inflammation as with other chronic liver conditions such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune, and metabolic liver diseases. Vascular alteration inherent in VLD often impedes HCC non-invasive diagnosis and loco-regional treatment that depend on vascular properties found in typical liver environment. Read More

Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2021 Feb;25(1):25-33

Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Backgrounds/aims: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign liver tumors with the potential of malignant transformation and risk of bleeding. We investigated the clinicopathological features and outcomes of HCA in 19 patients who underwent surgical resection.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 19 patients who underwent hepatic resection during a 9-year period from 2011 to 2019. Read More