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Adv Exp Med Biol 2021 ;1317:163-179

School of History, College of Arts, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in digitising museum collections. Among the objects of interest are anatomical and pathological specimens found in medical museums. As researchers increasingly produce digital replicas of these preparations, ways of integrating these resources into the medical curriculum must be explored. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.

Background: Injectable soft tissue fillers are used on a global scale for a variety of aesthetic indications. Despite their widespread use, there is a dearth of information regarding the potential repeated injections into tissue have to cause needle deformation. Repeated injections with the same needle result in an increase in force used by the injector to achieve dermal penetration, potentially resulting in decreased precision and increased patient discomfort. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN.

Background: Facial aging is a multi-factorial process which involves all tissues of the face including skin, muscles, fat, ligaments, and bone. Whereas robust evidence is available for age-related changes of bone and facial fat, the influence of age on facial muscle activity is poorly understood.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the motor unit action potential (MUAP) of facial muscles by utilizing surface derived, non-invasive electromyography in young and old healthy volunteers. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021 04 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

R. M. Greiwe, OrthoCincy Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, KY, USA.

Background: Traditional total shoulder arthroplasty is performed through the deltopectoral approach and includes subscapularis release and repair. Subscapularis nonhealing or dysfunction may leave patients with persistent pain, impairment, and instability. Alternative approaches that spare the subscapularis include rotator interval and posterior shoulder approaches; however, to our knowledge, a cadaveric study describing pertinent surgical anatomy for a posterior shoulder approach regarding shoulder arthroplasty has not been performed. Read More

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2021 Jun;26(2):240-244

Upper Extremity and Reconstructive Unit, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lerdsin Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Hemi-hamate arthroplasty is one of the treatment options for dorsal proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation. Many studies reported favorable outcomes. However, some long term studies demonstrated the degenerative change of PIP joint. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2021 Apr 12;55(2):333-341. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Ortho One Orthopaedic Speciality Centre, 657, Trichy Road, Singanallur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India.

Introduction: Ankle arthroscopy has come a long way since it was thought, it is not feasible because of tight joint and anatomical characteristics of ankle joint. The same anatomical features like capsular attachment and safe accessory portals are used to access the whole joint even with a rigid arthroscope. Ankle distraction method was routinely used to access the anterior ankle. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 13;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

The use of dental hand pieces endanger dentists to vibration exposure as they are subjected to very high amplitude and vibration frequency. This paper has envisaged a comparative analysis of vibration amplitudes and transmissibility during idling and drilling with micro motor (MM) and air-turbine (AT) hand pieces. The study aims to identify the mean difference in vibration amplitudes during idling, explore different grasp forces while drilling with irrigant injection by the dentist, and various vibration transmission of these hand pieces. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2021 Apr 12;9(4). Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) covers 11 countries with a combined population of about 2 billion people, making it the most populous of the six WHO regions. In 1992, the WHO advocated including the hepatitis B vaccine in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and vaccinating all infants and children three times within 1 year of birth (HepB3). Recently, the WHO advocate birth-dose hepatitis B vaccination (HepB-BD) as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours. Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 21;10(5). Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany.

Bone regeneration is a complex process that is influenced by tissue interactions, inflammatory responses, and progenitor cells. Diseases, lifestyle, or multiple trauma can disturb fracture healing, which might result in prolonged healing duration or even failure. The current gold standard therapy in these cases are bone grafts. Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 7;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland.

Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins, which play an important role in water homeostasis in the uterus. According to the literature, the expression of aquaporins in reproductive structures depends on the local hormonal milieu. The current study investigated the effect of selected PKA kinase inhibitor H89 and MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059, on the expression of , , , and , and steroid hormones (E), progesterone (P), and arachidonic acid (AA) in the porcine endometrium on days 18-20 and 2-4 of the estrous cycle (the follicular phase where estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted increasingly in preparation for estrus and the luteal phase where the ovarian follicles begin the process of luteinization with the formation of the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion, respectively). Read More

Cells 2021 Apr 3;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.

Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. Read More

Res Sports Med 2021 Apr 27:1-13. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether body proportions change as stature increases in elite Spanish athletes. The sample includes a total of 2,030 participants, comprised of 1,357 adult males, and 673 adult females. The male athletes were classified into five groups by stature, and the female athletes were classified separately into four stature groups. Read More

Protoplasma 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.

In the present work, we study the ovule, seed, and fruit development in six Bulbostylis species in order to characterize the genus in a comparative approach and to identify the characteristics that can be used in taxonomy and phylogeny. Flowers and fruits at different developmental stages were analyzed using LM and SEM after processing according to standard techniques. The species studied have the following: anatropous and bitegmic ovules, weak crassinucellar ovules, obturator of integumentary origin, monosporic embryo sac of the Polygonum type, nuclear endosperm, hypostase formation, seed coat formed by tanniferous endotegmen and exotesta, and Bulbostylis-type embryo. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 May;59(5):414-416

Department of Child Neurology and Rehabilitation, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021 Apr 26. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.

A common variant of accessory muscles in the anterior forearm is the Gantzer's muscle (GM). GM arises as a muscle belly from flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) or ulnar coronoid process to merge distally with the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle. In the present case report, we describe a novel accessory muscle in the flexor compartment of the forearm. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2021 Apr 24:15589447211008590. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.

Background: Although pediatric hand fractures are common and generally have good outcomes, they remain a considerable source of anxiety for non-hand surgeons, who are less familiar with these injuries. We hypothesized that this anxiety may manifest as inefficiency in referral patterns.

Methods: The records of pediatric patients with isolated, closed hand fractures without concurrent trauma seen at our institution by a hand surgeon between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

J Anat 2021 Apr 25. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

This study aimed to determine by ultrasonography, and cadaveric dissection, whether the firm cords felt by palpation at the sides of the proximal phalanx (PP), actively flexing, and extending the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint while keeping the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint extended are the lateral bands (LBs) of the extensor apparatus. If so, palpation of the LBs could help evaluate hand conditions that impact the digits' intrinsic muscles. To this end, the PP of the middle and ring fingers of the dominant hand of seven subjects were studied by palpation on both sides. Read More

Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2021 Apr 23;42(1):91-103. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

University Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skopje, RN Macedonia.

Brachial plexus injuries are still challenging for every surgeon taking part in treating patients with BPI. Injuries of the brachial plexus can be divided into injuries of the upper trunk, extended upper trunk, injuries of the lower trunk and swinging hand where all of the roots are involved in this type of the injury. Brachial plexus can be divided in five anatomical sections from its roots to its terminal branches: roots, trunks, division, cords and terminal branches. Read More

Hand Clin 2021 May;37(2):293-307

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

In this article, we discuss the incidence and types of injuries to the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) that occur in the setting of a distal radius fracture. We review the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint, which is critical to understanding its biomechanics, and how injury could cause symptomatic incongruency and instability. We highlight how patients with an injury to the distal radioulnar joint might present both at the time of injury and after treatment of a distal radius fracture, the appropriate workup, the available treatment options, and the evidence-based literature. Read More

Hand Clin 2021 May;37(2):189-196

Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan Comprehensive Hand Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 2130 Taubman Center, SPC 5340, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5340, USA; Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the impact of the most cited works on distal radius fractures. Judged by the most cited works in this field, distal radius fracture research has followed other paradigm shifts in the history of science. Landmark papers showed that restoring premorbid anatomy led to better outcomes, and a plurality of fixation strategies emerged. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 May;147(5):765e-776e

From private practice; the Department for Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University; the Division of Anatomy, Department of Medical Education, Albany Medical College; Skin Associates of South Florida; and the Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic.

Background: Although injectable soft-tissue fillers are frequently used for facial rejuvenation, there is a dearth of objective data evaluating the tissue-lifting effects. Current practices for efficacy evaluation include some subjectivity. This study seeks to evaluate the lifting effects of facial soft-tissue fillers in a quantifiable, objective setting. Read More

Obes Surg 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.

Purpose: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. Newer studies providing long-term follow-up show a high incidence of weight regain and a high incidence of reflux. The study's objective was to present 5 to 15-year follow-up results regarding weight loss, comorbidities, reoperation rate, and a potential learning curve. Read More

J Hum Evol 2021 Apr 15:102983. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg WITS 2050, South Africa.

The ca. 3.67 Ma adult skeleton known as 'Little Foot' (StW 573), recovered from Sterkfontein Member 2 breccia in the Silberberg Grotto, is remarkable for its morphology and completeness. Read More

Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2021 Apr 22:1-13. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Radiology, Area Vasta 1, ASUR Marche, Urbino, Italy.

Introduction: The introduction of Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) has changed the paradigm in the field of diagnostic cardiovascular medicine. CCT is the primary tool in the assessment of suspected Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and should be followed by functional assessment when needed to stratify disease and to plan potential interventional or surgical therapy.

Areas Covered: We provided the current state of the knowledge on the main aspects of technique of examination, image interpretation and clinical indications. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2021 Apr 22:1558944721998016. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe the demographics, injury patterns, and treatment characteristics of patients who sustained a gunshot injury (GSI) of the hand; and (2) examine the utilization of healthcare resources in patients with a GSI of the hand.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 148 adult patients who were treated for a GSI of the hand between January 2000 to December 2017 using multiple International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes. We used bivariate and multivariable analysis to identify which factors are associated with unplanned reoperation, length of hospitalization, and number of operations. Read More

Ecol Lett 2021 Apr 21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.

Here we review and extend the equal fitness paradigm (EFP) as an important step in developing and testing a synthetic theory of ecology and evolution based on energy and metabolism. The EFP states that all organisms are equally fit at steady state, because they allocate the same quantity of energy, ~ 22.4 kJ/g/generation to the production of offspring. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 04 21;12(1):2356. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

INM, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1 A (CMT1A) results from a duplication of the PMP22 gene in Schwann cells and a deficit of myelination in peripheral nerves. Patients with CMT1A have reduced nerve conduction velocity, muscle wasting, hand and foot deformations and foot drop walking. Here, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV2/9) expressing GFP and shRNAs targeting Pmp22 mRNA in animal models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1 A. Read More

N Engl J Med 2021 Apr 17;384(16):1552. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Hand (N Y) 2021 Apr 21:1558944721998008. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Division of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, ABC Medical School, Sto. André, SP, Brazil.

Background: The external rotation and abduction of shoulder are considered one of the priorities of reconstruction in brachial plexus injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional results and complications of shoulder arthrodesis in patients with brachial plexus injury to better comprehend the benefits of this procedure.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2019, 15 shoulder arthrodesis were performed in patients with long-standing brachial plexus injury. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Apr 20;22(1):369. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.

Background: The effect of change in hip anatomy on change in gait pattern is not well described in current literature. Therefore, our primary aim was to describe and quantify changes in hip geometry and gait pattern 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in individuals with hip osteoarthritis. Our secondary aim was to explore the effect of postoperative change in femoral neck anteversion (FNA) and femoral offset and acetabular offset (FO/AO) quota on postoperative change in hip rotation and hip adduction moment during gait, respectively, 1 year after THA". Read More