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Bone Jt Open 2022 Jul;3(7):515-528

Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.

Aims: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) treatment changed since the introduction of denosumab from purely surgical towards a multidisciplinary approach, with recent concerns of higher recurrence rates after denosumab. We evaluated oncological, surgical, and functional outcomes for distal radius GCTB, with a critically appraised systematic literature review.

Methods: We included 76 patients with distal radius GCTB in three sarcoma centres (1990 to 2019). Read More

Aust J Gen Pract 2022 Jul;51(7):484-489

MBBS, FAFRM, Rehabilitation Registrar, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA; Central Adelaide Local Health Network (CALHN), SA; The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, SA.

Background: Individuals with significant post-stroke impairments often move to residential care. The prevalence of spasticity is high among these residents. Palmar ulceration is an under-recognised complication of unmitigated post-stroke hand spasticity. Read More

Asian J Surg 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Int J Med Robot 2022 Jun 30:e2438. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hand and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen), Bruderholz, Switzerland.

Introduction: traditional bone surgery using saws and chisels is associated with direct contact of instruments with the bone causing friction, heat and pressure and hence, damaging the bone and the surrounding soft tissues.

Method: Cold ablation laser osteotomy offers new possibilities to perform corrective osteotomies in the field of bone surgery. We introduce the technology of navigated cold ablation robot-guided laser osteotomy, present potential applications, and preliminary pre-clinical cadaver test results in the field of hand-, wrist- and forearm surgery. Read More

BMC Surg 2022 Jun 29;22(1):251. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.

Background: In clinical practice, we often observed that patients who underwent total thyroidectomy due to clinically involved nodal disease (cN1a) actually had less extensive CLNM on final pathology. This study investigates whether total thyroidectomy and therapeutic bilateral CND are necessary for all PTC patients with cN1a.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 899 PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral CND from January 2012 to June 2017. Read More

Anat Cell Biol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Anatomy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA.

Variations of the musculature within the upper extremity have been widely documented, with clinical implications ranging from motor dysfunction to compressive neuropathies. Herein, we described an aberrant muscle that originated from the anterior proximal forearm, formed a tendon that coursed through the carpal tunnel, and converged with the flexor digitorum profundus muscle to contribute to the first lumbrical. Additionally, the second lumbrical consisted of two heads, originating from the index and middle finger tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2022 07 29;150(1):189e-193e. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

From the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy and Centre of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg; Sarcoma and Musculoskeletal Oncoplastic Division, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay; and Faculty of Applied Healthcare Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology.

Summary: Preclinical/clinical microsurgical training is essential for clinical practice. Therefore, various training models have been established, such as synthetic and cadaveric models. The most common limitation of these models is the lack of circulation, which limits the simulation of real intraoperative circumstances. Read More

JMIR Med Educ 2022 Jun 29;8(2):e34791. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Background: Cadaveric simulation training may be part of the solution to reduced quantity and quality of operative surgical training in the modern climate. Cadaveric simulation allows the early part of the surgical learning curve to be moved away from patients into the laboratory, and there is a growing body of evidence that it may be an effective adjunct to traditional methods for training surgical residents. It is typically resource constrained as cadaveric material and facilities are expensive. Read More

BMC Cancer 2022 Jun 28;22(1):710. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.

Background: Perioperative chemotherapy (ChT) and preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) are both the standard treatments for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). CRT can achieve a higher pathological complete regression (pCR) rate, but whether this higher pCR rate can be transformed into a long-term survival benefit remains inconclusive. Therefore, relevant studies are in progress. Read More

Gene 2022 Jun 25;837:146697. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.

Nicotine is one of several physiologically stable and active chemicals found in tobacco. The mechanism through which nicotine causes kidney damage is still obscure. As a result, the goal of this research was to investigate how oral nicotine intake can lead to kidney damage. Read More

Vet Med Sci 2022 Jun 28. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Computed tomography currently has a prominent role in diagnosis and evaluation of vertebral column. On the other hand, a thorough knowledge about vertebral column property in normal state is prerequisite an accurate diagnosis of different abnormalities in this region.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a complete and exact descriptive and morphometric evaluation of thoracic vertebrae in rabbits with computed tomography. Read More

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.

Purpose: The goal of this work is to use multi-camera video to classify open surgery tools as well as identify which tool is held in each hand. Multi-camera systems help prevent occlusions in open surgery video data. Furthermore, combining multiple views such as a top-view camera covering the full operative field and a close-up camera focusing on hand motion and anatomy may provide a more comprehensive view of the surgical workflow. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 8;12:873161. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

The combination of maxillofacial infections (MI) with descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a complex disease characterized by rapid development and high mortality. Here, we performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using samples from 21 patients with MI and eight patients with DNM. In this study, we found that the species richness of the DNM group was higher than that of the MI group, and the species diversity of the DNM group was higher than that of the MI group, with no statistically significant differences between groups (P > 0. Read More

J Hand Surg Am 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Purpose: We evaluated the clinical outcomes of a series of patients with hyperextension deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint treated with volar capsulodesis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 16 patients with symptomatic locking of the proximal interphalangeal joint who underwent volar capsulodesis and were followed for at least 2 years. We excluded patients with severe, degenerative changes on plain radiographs. Read More

Biol Sex Differ 2022 Jun 25;13(1):33. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Background: The in-vivo regulation of vascular conductance (VC) is a continuous balance between endothelial vasodilation and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Although women may report blunted sympathetic vasoconstriction along with higher endothelial vasodilation than men, it is currently unknown whether the interaction between vasoconstriction and vasodilation leads to different regulation of VC between sexes. This study assessed sex differences in sympathetic-mediated blunting of endothelial vasodilation after a brief period of ischemia and whether any restriction of vasodilation blunts tissue blood flow (BF) and re-oxygenation. Read More

Br J Cardiol 2021 1;28(3):39. Epub 2021 Sep 1.

Fellow in Interventional Cardiology Department of Cardiology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT.

Radial artery access has transformed cardiac catheterisation, allowing it to be performed in a daycase setting, saving both hospital beds, and nursing care costs. However, there are two common and seemingly diametrically opposite complications. These are radial artery occlusion and forearm haematoma; the former could be reduced by heparin, but at the expense of precipitating the latter. Read More

IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022 Jun 9;12:157-162. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is the most common form of TBI which frequently results in persistent cognitive impairments and memory deficits in affected individuals [1]. Although most studies have investigated the role of hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in earlier time points following a single injury, the long-lasting effects of mTBI on hippocampal synaptic transmission following multiple brain concussions have not been well-elucidated. Using a repetitive closed head injury (3XCHI) mouse model of mTBI, we examined the alteration of spontaneous synaptic transmission onto hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by recording spontaneous excitatory AMPA receptor (AMPAR)- and inhibitory GABAR-mediated postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and sIPSCs, respectively) in adult male mice 2-weeks following the injury. Read More

Viruses 2022 Jun 10;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

The prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is significantly greater in older, relative to younger, HIV-1 seropositive individuals; the neural pathogenesis of HAND in older HIV-1 seropositive individuals, however, remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, abnormal protein aggregates (i.e. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2022 Jun 18;22(12). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.

Parkinson's disease affects millions worldwide with a large rise in expected burden over the coming decades. More easily accessible tools and techniques to diagnose and monitor Parkinson's disease can improve the quality of life of patients. With the advent of new wearable technologies such as smart rings and watches, this is within reach. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 May 26;58(6). Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan.

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is well-known for its aggressive nature that is usually resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. On the other hand, the efficacy of an immune checkpoint inhibitor-based regimen in PPC has been elucidated. PPCs harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are extremely rare, and the efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in PPC is limited compared to their efficacy in EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma. Read More

Life (Basel) 2022 Jun 15;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication produces a reproducible standard animal model of induced liver and kidney injuries where free radicals are produced by phase I oxidation reactions, which eventually leads to liver and kidney failure. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a unique food supplement with concentrated nutrient efficiency and has remarkable antioxidant functions. Olmutinib, on the other hand, is a chemotherapy drug considered safe for kidneys and the liver. Read More

Cells 2022 06 20;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

The promising outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies potentiates its capability in the fight against many cancers. Nevertheless, this immunotherapy modality needs significant improvements for the treatment of solid tumors. Researchers have incrementally identified limitations and constantly pursued better CAR designs. Read More

Cells 2022 06 9;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.

Microglia, as the resident immune cells and first responder to neurological insults, play an extremely important role in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. On the one hand, microglia respond rapidly and gather around the lesion in the early stage of injury to exert a protective role, but with the continuous stimulation of the injury, the excessive activated microglia secrete a large number of harmful substances, aggravate the injury of spinal cord tissue, and affect functional recovery. The effects of microglia depletion on the repair of spinal cord injury remain unclear, and there is no uniformly accepted paradigm for the removal methods and timing of microglia depletion, but different microglia depletion strategies greatly affect the outcomes after spinal cord injury. Read More

Biomolecules 2022 May 26;12(6). Epub 2022 May 26.

Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (HS) produced by the transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is an important biological mediator, involved in many physiological and pathological processes in multiple higher organisms, including humans. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes play a central role in HS production and metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of HS in learning and memory processes by exploring several strains with single and double deletions of CBS and CSE developed by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Copper nanoparticles are widely utilized in a variety of applications, including metal catalysts, semiconductors, heat transfer fluids in machine tools, and even in antibacterial medications. Forty mature healthy Westar rats were utilized in the current investigation and grouped randomly into four groups (n = 10 rats/group). Group I (G1) was kept as a control group, but G2, G3, and G4 were intraperitoneally injected with CuO NPs with a dose (5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg/kg body weight/day) respectively for 9 days. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 23;12(1):10645. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA.

We present a mathematical model of key glucose metabolic pathways in two cells of the human retina: the rods and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Computational simulations of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibition in the model accurately reproduce experimental data from conditional knockout mice and reveal that modification of GLUT1 expression levels of both cells differentially impacts their metabolism. We hypothesize that, under glucose scarcity, the RPE's energy producing pathways are altered in order to preserve its functionality, impacting the photoreceptors' outer segment renewal. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2218314. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco.

Importance: The associations between muscle strength and cognitive outcomes have sparked interest in interventions that increase muscle strength for prevention of dementia, but the associations between muscle strength and cognitive aging are unclear, particularly among middle-aged adults.

Objective: To evaluate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and dementia, reduced cognition, and poorer neuroimaging outcomes in a UK population of middle-aged adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study evaluated UK Biobank participants aged 39 to 73 years enrolled from 2006 to 2010 with measured HGS and prospectively followed up for dementia diagnosis. Read More

Biosensors (Basel) 2022 Jun 9;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful visualization tool for quantifying blood flow in tissues, providing simplicity of configuration, ease of use, and intuitive results. With recent advancements, smartphone and camera technologies are suitable for the development of smartphone-based LSCI applications for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis. A smartphone-based portable LSCI endoscope system was validated for POC diagnosis of vascular disorders. Read More

Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022 Jan-Apr;17(1):7-13

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.

Purpose: This is a retrospective cohort study of type C distal humeral fractures (AO classification system) aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of current operative treatment options.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-seven patients with type C distal humeral fractures, treated operatively from January 2002 to September 2016, were retrospectively studied. Thirty-two were eligible for inclusion. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2022 Jun 22:e025868. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan.

Background Several studies investigated the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in improving poststroke recovery; thus, we have decided to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of SSRIs in poststroke recovery. Methods and Results In this meta-analysis we searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The studies were included if they were placebo-controlled trials in design and reported SSRIs' effects on poststroke depression, anxiety, disability, dependence, motor abilities, and cognitive functions. Read More