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Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2020 Sep 8;12(3):227-242. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the pathophysiology of acute HIV infection (AHI) and related central nervous system (CNS) pathology, the clinical characteristics of neurologic complications of AHI, and the implications of the CNS reservoir and viral escape for HIV treatment and cure strategies.

Recent Findings: Recent studies in newly seroconverted populations show a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in AHI, even though these findings have been classically associated with chronic HIV infection. HIV cure strategies such as the "shock and kill" strategy are currently being studied and even in small clinical trials, though the CNS as a reservoir for latent HIV poses unique barriers to these treatment strategies. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2000 Dec;76(6):443-6

Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.

Objectives: To measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau in HIV infected patients with acute neurological episodes and to correlate the findings with the type and severity of neurological disease.

Methods: CSF tau was prospectively measured in 76 consecutive HIV infected patients admitted to a specialist unit at UCL Hospitals, London, for investigation of acute neurological episodes: the results were compared with the clinical diagnoses.

Results: 24 patients had HIV associated dementia complex (HADC), 10 had lymphoma (including four with primary CNS lymphoma), 20 had cerebral infections (including five with CMV encephalitis, five with VZV infection, seven with cryptococcal meningitis, two with toxoplasmosis, and one with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy); 22 patients had miscellaneous conditions, including nine with self limiting headache/fever. Read More

Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 1999 Oct;8(4):869-78

Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, New York University, Manhasset, USA.

Central nervous system infections in children and adolescents involve a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from acute self-limited diseases, such as enteroviral meningitis, to severe diffuse or focal infections (i.e., arboviral encephalitis) resulting in devastating neurologic sequelae. Read More

J NeuroAIDS 1996 ;1(4):59-69

, Level 2, 376 Victoria Street, Syndey NSW, 2010, Australia.

A prospective, case-control study was undertaken to characterise seizures occurring in the context of human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Fifty consecutive patients with a documented seizure were enrolled along with fifty control patients. Among cases the median CD4 cell count was 8/mm3 and 84% had a prior AIDS defining illness; 14/mm3 and 80% among the control group. Read More