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Front Oncol 2020 17;10:784. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Androgen receptor (AR) has been described to play a prominent role in male breast cancer (MBC). It maps on chromosome X, and recent reports indicate that X-chromosome polysomy is frequent in MBC. Since the response to anti-androgen therapy may depend on AR polysomy and on its overexpression similarly to prostate cancer, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation level of and its coregulators, especially those mapped on the X-chromosome, that may influence the activity of AR in MBC. Read More

Yale J Biol Med 2020 06 29;93(2):291-305. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.

Essential oils (EOs) have risen in popularity over the past decade. These oils function in society as holistic integrative modalities to traditional medicinal treatments, where many Americans substitute EOs in place of other prescribed medications. EOs are found in a multitude of products including food flavoring, soaps, lotions, shampoos, hair styling products, cologne, laundry detergents, and even insect repellents. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2020 Jun 23;92(2). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Woman and Child Hospital, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynecology; Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Verona.

Introduction: Andrology is the medical specialty dealing with men's health and reproductive system from birth to adulthood, including genital, hormonal, reproductive, sexual as well as psychological aspects; the aim of this study is to report our 10 year-experience Material and methods: In September 2009, a Pediatric Andrology Outpatient Clinic was opened at the Authors' Institution. The continuous request for access to the service, together with an increasingly helpful collaboration with local clinicians, has led to an increase in the number of treated patients. At the Clinic, visits are performed for both surgical and medical consultations by the multidisciplinary medical group for the treatment of conditions in the adolescent patient. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Jun 28. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Objective: To investigate the sexual, physical, and mental adverse effects associated with exposure to 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs).

Methods: FAERS data containing finasteride and dutasteride reports were analyzed from January 2000 to April 2019. Reports identified one or more adverse effects, along with all concurrent medications. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2020 Jun 17;47:151551. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Anogenital mammary-like glands, formerly described as ectopic breast tissue, are currently considered to be normal histologic components of the anogenital region. Anogenital mammary-like glands can give rise to many lesions identical to counterparts in the native female breast. We describe four cases of such lesions, including fibroadenoma, gynecomastia-like hyperplasia, and ectopic mammary-type tissue with a spectrum of usual ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, adenosis, and pseudolactational change. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020 Jan-Dec;8:2324709620936808

University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in the treatment of multiple types of cancer. Pazopanib is one of the TKIs and is considered a first-line treatment for adult patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Many endocrine-related adverse effects have been noted with the use of TKIs including hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, altered bone density, secondary hyperparathyroidism, abnormal glucose metabolism, gynecomastia, and hypogonadism. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Int J Med Sci 2020 11;17(9):1136-1141. Epub 2020 May 11.

Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.

The 46,XX disorders of sex development (DSD) is a rare genetic cause of male infertility and possible misdiagnosis of this condition has never been reported. We aim to investigate clinical characteristics and laboratory results of infertile males with possibly misdiagnosed 46,XX DSD. Between January 2008 and December 2017, a retrospective case series study was performed involving sixteen 46,XX DSD males without azoospermia factor (AZF) deletion. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e20100

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China.

To investigate the feasibility of single-port endoscopic mastectomy via the lateral chest approach in the treatment of Simon grade II gynecomastia.Data from 12 patients with grade II gynecomastia admitted from January 2017 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and related satisfaction surveys were conducted 6 months after the operation.All surgeries were successfully performed under single-port endoscopy, and no patients were converted to open surgery. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Apr 29;2020. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Summary: Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS). This condition is characterized by glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid excess, and is commonly regulated by aberrant G-protein coupled receptor expression may be subclinical, allowing the disease to progress for years undetected. Inhibin A is a glycoprotein hormone and tumor marker produced by certain endocrine glands including the adrenal cortex, which has not been previously investigated as a potential tumor marker for PBMAH. Read More

Am J Mens Health 2020 May-Jun;14(3):1557988320908102

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.

Gynecomastia is a common incidental finding on thoracic computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence, imaging characteristics, and possible causes of incidental gynecomastia on thoracic CT. Records of male patients who underwent thoracic CT in 2015 were reviewed. Read More

Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020 Jun 26;184(2):334-343. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), which normally presents with a 47,XXY karyotype, is the most common sex chromosome disorder in males. It is also the most common genetic cause of male infertility. KS subjects are typically tall, with small and firm testes, gynecomastia, broad hips, and sparse body hair, although a less evident presentation is also possible. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan. Italy.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is caused by a dysfunction in the hypothalamus and/or the pituitary gland and it can be congenital or acquired. This condition is biochemically characterized by low or inappropriately normal gonadotropins levels along with low total testosterone levels. If fertility is not an issue, testosterone therapy is the treatment of choice to induce and maintain secondary sexual characteristics and sexual function. Read More

Acad Radiol 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Faculty of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Hwy, Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran, Postal code:14496-14535, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

J Mol Neurosci 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.

Börjeson-Forssman-Lehman Syndrome (BFLS) is a rare X-linked recessive syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, obesity, epilepsy, swelling of the subcutaneous tissues of the face, large but not deformed ears, hypogonadism, and gynecomastia. Pathogenic mutations in PHD finger protein 6 (PHF6) have been reported to cause BFLS. In this study, we describe two male siblings with mild intellectual disability, global developmental delay, short stature, microcephaly, and nyctalopia. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2020 ;88(2):162-163

Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jul;105(7)

Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jul;105(7)

Consortium HE Project Manager, Consortium Huiles Essentielles (Consortium HE), Aix-en-Provence, France.

Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul 2019 28;53(3):314-317. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Coexistence of the Poland syndrome and gynecomastia is a rare condition. Poland syndrome requires soft tissue augmentation of the affected side, whereas gynecomastia necessitates reduction of the breast tissue. To provide symmetry, breast reduction and fat grafting techniques should be combined. Read More

Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2020 Apr;29(2):82-84

Gazi University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Prostate cancer is a common neoplastic disease especially in elder patients. Metastatic prostate disease has low five-year survival rate. Bicalutamide is an androgen receptor antagonist that acts as an inhibitor by competizing androgen receptors in the target tissue and used as a treatment option in prostate cancer. Read More

Niger J Clin Pract 2020 May;23(5):744-746

Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a very uncommon disease. Its etiopathogenesis is uncertain, although it has been linked to a variety of factors. Its main characteristic is the overgrowth of fat in form of an unencapsulated lesion. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Giacomo Matteotti 42, 50132, Florence, Italy.

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2020 May;18(2):337-339

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Gynecomastia is a benign condition developing in association with localized fat deposition and glandular tissue proliferation in the breast in males, and characterized by breast growth. Drug is one of the most important factors in the etiology of gynecomastia. Methylphenidate is a commonly preferred and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 14;21(8). Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Background: Male breast cancer (BC) is a distinct neoplasm with low but rising incidence, frequently diagnosed as advanced stage disease. Considering the relevance of altered homologous recombination repair (HRR) in male BC, we aimed to explore the biomarker potential of aberrant promoter methylation of , , , and .

Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 128 male BC patients, paired adjacent normal tissue and 19 gynecomastia cases were collected and assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Read More

Toxicon 2020 Jun 11;180:28-30. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Cairns Hospital, 165 Esplanade, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia; The Kirby Institute, Wallace Wurth Building, University of New South Wales, High St, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. Electronic address:

A previously well man developed acute, marked tender bilateral gynaecomastia two months after confirmed taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenomation. He had had laboratory evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) including microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury. Scrotal ultrasound revealed bilateral testicular atrophy, his serum testosterone was repeatedly low, while his luteinising and follicle stimulating hormone were elevated. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 Apr 10;15(1):90. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Pôle Neurosciences - Service de Neurologie, Centre de Référence SLA et les maladies du neurone moteur, Hôpital Pasteur2, CHU de Nice Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.

Background: Kennedy's disease (KD), also known as spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), is a rare, adult-onset, X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease caused by CAG expansions in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene (AR). The objective of the French national diagnostic and management protocol is to provide evidence-based best practice recommendations and outline an optimised care pathway for patients with KD, based on a systematic literature review and consensus multidisciplinary observations.

Results: The initial evaluation, confirmation of the diagnosis, and management should ideally take place in a tertiary referral centre for motor neuron diseases, and involve an experienced multidisciplinary team of neurologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists and allied healthcare professionals. Read More

Breast J 2020 Apr 7. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Department of Radiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri.

A 60-year-old man with metastatic prostate cancer presented with breast swelling for one year. Suspicious breast masses were identified in both breasts with mammography and ultrasound. Biopsy of both masses showed florid gynecomastia without malignancy. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 3;44(3):1091-1092. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Pediatr Rev 2020 Apr;41(4):206-209

Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.

Front Oncol 2020 12;10:312. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Following radical prostatectomy, prostate bed radiotherapy (PBRT) has been combined with either long-term androgen deprivation therapy (LT-ADT) or short-term ADT with pelvic lymph node radiotherapy (PLNRT) to provide an oncological benefit in randomized trials. McGill 0913 was designed to characterize the efficacy of combining PBRT, PLNRT, and LT-ADT. It is the first study to do so prospectively. Read More

Indian J Surg Oncol 2020 Mar 18;11(1):7-11. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Surgical Oncology, HCG Cancer Hospital, S.g. Road, Ahmedabad, GJ 380060 India.

Male breast cancer is a rare tumour in all parts of the world. About 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. Occurrence of male breast cancer peaks at age 71 years. Read More

World J Plast Surg 2020 Jan;9(1):33-38

Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Contura Clinic, Bangalore, India.

Background: Gynecomastia is a common cosmetic issue in India. Many combinations of liposuction and excision of the gland have been advocated. Complete removal of the breast leaves behind a contour deformity and hence a sliver of it needs to be left behind. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 17;44(3):1089-1090. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Viale dei Mille 129, 50131, Florence, Italy.

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2020 Apr 10;65(2):116-123. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Service de chirurgie plastique esthétique et reconstructrice, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.

Introduction: The need of iterative surgeries, the proximity of two anatomical areas, the combination of an aesthetic surgery with a surgery covered by health insurance are the reasons which motivated the authors to provide a simultaneous procedure on arms and breast in patients achieving massive weight loss. We propose a vertical continuation of the lateral mastopexy incision superiorly, in continuity with a simultaneous brachioplasty incision to treat the excess skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lateral chest wall, either by resection, or by increasing the breast with the patients own autologous tissue.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2017, twelve patients aged between 31 and 56 years, with 42 being the average, have undergone a technique that utilises a vertical continuation of the lateral mastopexy incision superiorly, in continuity with a simultaneous brachioplasty incision: transverse skin incisions and free nipple transplantation for correction of extreme gynaecomastia (2 cases), mastopexy with resection of the excess tissue of the lateral chest wall (8 cases), autologous breast augmentation by the use of intercostal artery perforator flaps (2 cases). Read More

Strahlenther Onkol 2020 Jul 12;196(7):589-597. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Aim: To provide an overview on the available treatments to prevent and reduce gynecomastia and/or breast pain caused by antiandrogen therapy for prostate cancer.

Methods: The German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) expert panel summarized available evidence published and assessed the validity of the information on efficacy and treatment-related toxicity.

Results: Eight randomized controlled trials and one meta-analysis were identified. Read More

Complement Ther Med 2020 Mar 20;49:102288. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Franklin School of Integrative Health Sciences, 504 Autumn Springs Court, Franklin TN, 37067, United States.

Objectives: Essential oils are common ingredients in personal care products, little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to these ingredients in human health. It has been suggested that these two essential oils cause prepubertal gynecomastia and premature thelarche in children. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence related to the proposed link between these essential oils and endocrine disruption METHODS: This study sought to investigate the proposed link between LEO and TTEO and endocrine disrupting outcomes by identifying and evaluating the clinical evidence regarding this topic. Read More

Clin Imaging 2020 Jul 28;63:57-59. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Radiology, Breast Center, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.

Venous malformation of the pectoral muscle diagnosed on a mammogram of a 41-year-old patient presenting with clinical suspicion of a gynecomastia. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 6;44(3):1081-1082. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Apr 2;8(4):301-312. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Background: Microalbuminuria is an early sign of kidney disease in people with diabetes and indicates increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We tested whether a urinary proteomic risk classifier (CKD273) score was associated with development of microalbuminuria and whether progression to microalbuminuria could be prevented with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone.

Methods: In this multicentre, prospective, observational study with embedded randomised controlled trial (PRIORITY), we recruited people with type 2 diabetes, normal urinary albumin excretion, and preserved renal function from 15 specialist centres in ten European countries. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 4;44(3):662-663. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Partners in Plastic Surgery, 4070 Lake Drive, Suite 202, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA.

Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 2020 Feb 26. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Preventive Medicine Department, University General Hospital of Elche, Elche, Spain.

Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia may be due to physiological or pathological causes, and may be asymptomatic or induce hypogonadism, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. It is important to take prolactin samples while avoiding stress, as this may increase prolactin levels. Therefore, our aim was to assess the value of prolactin serial sampling after brachial vein cannulation. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020 Jun 25;44(3):1079-1080. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.

Rev Paul Pediatr 2020 14;38:e2018294. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.

Objective: To present a case of bilateral gynecomastia in a prepubertal boy with autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Case Description: A 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder presented at a follow-up visit with bilateral breast growth. There was a family history of gynecomastia, cataracts at a young age, puberty delay, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. Read More

Insights Imaging 2020 Feb 18;11(1):27. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.

Male breast hosts various pathological conditions just like "female breast." However, histo-anatomical diversities with female breast lead to many differences regarding the frequency and presentation of diseases, the radiologic appearance of lesions, the diagnostic algorithm, and malignity features.Radiological modalities may play an important role in evaluating male breast lesions. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2020 Feb;9(1):87-92

Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Background: The objective of this study is to review our 12-year experience with the 5-α reductase inhibitor dutasteride as a potential long-term treatment option for stuttering priapism. Dutasteride has a uniquely long half-life of 35 days which offers a theoretical advantage as a chronic therapy for management of stuttering priapism.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with stuttering priapism in our database from 2006-2018 treated with dutasteride. Read More

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020 Apr;32(4):535-539

Department of Medicine, GMC Patiala, Punjab, India.

Introduction: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of Spironolactone and Eplerenone in management of ascites due to liver cirrhosis.

Materials And Methods: 105 patients of ascites with liver cirrhosis were randomized into three groups of 35 patients each. Group I was given Spironolactone 100 mg, group II was given Eplerenone 100 mg and group III was given Eplerenone 50 mg. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019 Nov-Dec;23(6):648

Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Int J STD AIDS 2020 Mar 10;31(4):380-382. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy Section, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2020 9;29(1):43-45. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.

An individual's sexual phenotype is usually determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome in the embryo's karyotype, however, due to abnormal X/Y terminal exchange through male meiosis, a few individuals develop male genitalia in the absence of the Y chromosome. This case report presents an adolescent referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit due to bilateral gynecomastia. A diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was established and chromosomal analysis disclosed 46,XX karyotype, with the gene locus found on one of his X chromosomes. Read More