Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Gut 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: To investigate whether diets differing in fat content alter the gut microbiota and faecal metabolomic profiles, and to determine their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults whose diet is in a transition from a traditional low-fat diet to a diet high in fat and reduced in carbohydrate.

Methods: In a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial, 217 healthy young adults (aged 18-35 years; body mass index <28 kg/m; 52% women) who completed the whole trial were included. All the foods were provided during the intervention period. Read More

Gut 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Center for Interventional Endoscopy, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, Florida, USA.

Gut 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Postprandial hyperinsulinaemia after Roux-en Y gastric bypass (GB) has been attributed to rapid nutrient flux from the gut, and an enhanced incretin effect. However, it is unclear whether surgery changes islet cell responsiveness to regulatory factors. This study tested the hypothesis that β-cell sensitivity to glucagon like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is attenuated after GB. Read More

Gut 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Gastroenterology, St George's Hospital, London, UK.

Gut 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Gut 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Gut 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

U1174, INSERM, Orsay, France.

Objective: We explored the hypothesis that TGR5, the bile acid (BA) G-protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in biliary epithelial cells, protects the liver against BA overload through the regulation of biliary epithelium permeability.

Design: Experiments were performed under basal and TGR5 agonist treatment. In vitro transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran diffusion were measured in different cell lines. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Objective: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease with progressive fibrosis leading to exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. Currently, there are no approved effective therapies for CP. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling is a key innate immune sensor of DNA. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Objective: Developing a small animal model that accurately delineates the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and immunopathophysiology is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of host-virus interactions and to identify intervention strategies for HBV-related liver diseases. This study aimed to develop an HBV-induced chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis mouse model through transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).

Design: Transplantation of hBMSCs into (FRGS) mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) induced by hamster-anti-mouse CD95 antibody JO2 generated a liver and immune cell dual-humanised (hBMSC-FRGS) mouse. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Gut 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Gut 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Genome-wide association studies have identified over 200 loci associated with IBD. We and others have recently shown that, in addition to variants in protein-coding genes, the majority of the associated loci are related to DNA regulatory elements (DREs). These findings add a dimension to the already complex genetic background of IBD. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Diets rich in fermentable fibres provide an array of health benefits; however, many patients with IBD report poor tolerance to fermentable fibre-rich foods. Intervention studies with dietary fibres in murine models of colonic inflammation have yielded conflicting results on whether fibres ameliorate or exacerbate IBD. Herein, we examined how replacing the insoluble fibre, cellulose, with the fermentable fibres, inulin or pectin, impacted murine colitis resulting from immune dysregulation via inhibition of interleukin (IL)-10 signalling and/or innate immune deficiency (KO). Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Objective: Uncertainty about acute liver failure (ALF) pathogenesis limits therapy. We postulate that ALF results from excessive reactivation of a fetal liver programme that is induced in hepatocytes when acutely injured livers regenerate. To evaluate this hypothesis, we focused on two molecules with known oncofetal properties in the liver, Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) and Insulin-like growth factor-2 RNA-binding protein-3 (IGF2BP3). Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.

The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component of the dyad renders host health sustainable. This coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in all life forms on this predominantly microbial planet. The microbiota seems to exert effects on the next generation from gestation, via maternal microbiota and immune responses. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 19. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany.

Objective: Diverticular disease is a common complex disorder characterised by mucosal outpouchings of the colonic wall that manifests through complications such as diverticulitis, perforation and bleeding. We report the to date largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for diverticular disease.

Design: Discovery GWAS analysis was performed on UK Biobank imputed genotypes using 31 964 cases and 419 135 controls of European descent. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 19. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: Our previous studies have identified CXCL8 as the crucial chemokine responsible for gastric cancer metastasis mediated by loss of RACK1. However, the regulatory effect of CXCL8 on immune surveillance in gastric cancer remains obscure.

Design: Flow cytometry analyses were performed to examine major source of CXCL8 and phenotypes of immune cells in fresh tumour tissues from 76 patients with gastric cancer. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Centre d'Investigation de la Fibrose Hépatique, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France.

Objective: The latest model of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) automatically selects M or XL probe according to patients' body built. We aim to test the application of a unified interpretation of VCTE results with probes appropriate for the body mass index (BMI) and hypothesise that this approach is not affected by hepatic steatosis.

Design: We prospectively recruited 496 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who underwent VCTE by both M and XL probes within 1 week before liver biopsy. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Gut 2019 Jan 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Objective: The composition of the healthy human adult gut microbiome is relatively stable over prolonged periods, and representatives of the most highly abundant and prevalent species have been cultured and described. However, microbial abundances can change on perturbations, such as antibiotics intake, enabling the identification and characterisation of otherwise low abundant species.

Design: Analysing gut microbial time-series data, we used shotgun metagenomics to create strain level taxonomic and functional profiles. Read More

Gut 2019 01 18. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Objective: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has among the highest stromal fractions of any cancer and this has attempts at expression-based molecular classification. The goal of this work is to profile purified samples of human PDA epithelium and stroma and examine their respective contributions to gene expression in bulk PDA samples.

Design: We used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA sequencing to profile the expression of 60 matched pairs of human PDA malignant epithelium and stroma samples. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.

Gut 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Objective: It is unclear whether endoscopic assessment of scars after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has to include biopsies, even if endoscopy is negative. Vice versa, endoscopic diagnosis of recurrent adenoma may not require biopsy before endoscopic reinterventions. We prospectively analysed various endoscopic modalities in the diagnosis of recurrence following EMR. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Barrett's Esophagus Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Objective: Surveillance interval protocols after complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) post radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in Barrett's oesophagus (BE) are currently empiric and not based on substantial evidence. We aimed to assess the timeline, location and patterns of recurrence following CRIM to inform these guidelines.

Design: Data on patients undergoing RFA for BE were obtained from prospectively maintained databases of five (three USA and two UK) tertiary referral centres. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Background And Aims: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is common in the gastric epithelium of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. CDX2 activation in IM is driven by reflux of bile acids and following chronic inflammation. But the mechanism underlying how bile acids activate CDX2 in gastric epithelium has not been fully explored. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Objective: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a global health problem. Finding a cure for CHB remains a challenging task.

Design: In this study, poly I:C was employed as an adjuvant for HBV therapeutic vaccine (referred to as pHBV-vaccine) and the feasibility and efficiency of pHBV-vaccine in CHB treatment were evaluated in HBV-carrier mice. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an elevated risk of mental illness. We determined the incidence and correlates of new-onset mental illness associated with IBD during pregnancy and post partum.

Design: This cohort study using population-based health administrative data included all women with a singleton live birth in Ontario, Canada (2002-2014). Read More

Gut 2019 02;68(2):380

Gut 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Objective: A hallmark of chronic HBV (cHBV) infection is the presence of impaired HBV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Functional T cell exhaustion induced by persistent antigen stimulation is considered a major mechanism underlying this impairment. However, due to their low frequencies in chronic infection, it is currently unknown whether HBV-specific CD8+ T cells targeting different epitopes are similarly impaired and share molecular profiles indicative of T cell exhaustion. Read More

Gut 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, West Bromwich, UK.

Introduction: Achalasia is a disorder characterised by failed relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. The aim of this study was to examine, at a national level, the long-term outcomes of achalasia therapies.

Methods: Hospital Episode Statistics include diagnostic and procedural data for all English National Health Service-funded hospital admissions. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Gut 2018 Dec 22. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Objective: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with dysfunctional circulating monocytes whereby patients become highly susceptible to bacterial infections. Here, we identify the pathways underlying monocyte dysfunction in ACLF and we investigate whether metabolic rewiring reinstates their phagocytic and inflammatory capacity.

Design: Following phenotypic characterisation, we performed RNA sequencing on CD14CD16 monocytes from patients with ACLF and decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 22. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Objective: Chronic HBV infection affects more than 250 million people worldwide and remains a global healthcare problem in part because we lack curative treatment. Sustained viral control requires HBV-specific T cells, but these become functionally impaired in chronic infection. Clinical evidence indicates that functional cure of HBV infection by the host immune response is feasible. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 22. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Medicine, HSK Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany.

Endoscopic assessment of inflammation and mucosal healing is crucial for appropriate management in IBD. Current definition of endoscopic mucosal healing has been derived using previous generation of standard white light endoscopes. New endoscopy technologies widely available provide much more detailed images of mucosal and vascular patterns. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Gut 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.

Objective: Non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tests for the screening of disease severity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain a major unmet need. Therefore, we aimed to examine if a combination of serum metabolites can accurately predict the presence of advanced fibrosis.

Design: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort including 156 well-characterised patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and two cohorts, including (1) 142 patients assessed using MRI elastography (MRE) and(2) 59 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with untargeted serum metabolome profiling. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Objective: Recent evidence suggesting an important role of gut-derived inflammation in brain disorders has opened up new directions to explore the possible role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. Given the prominence of dysbiosis and colonic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), we propose that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated intestinal dysfunction could contribute to intestinal and central inflammation in PD-related neurodegeneration.

Design: To test this hypothesis we performed studies in both human tissue and a murine model of PD. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Medicine, Solna (MedS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objective: The rate of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is considered a key quality indicator of colonoscopy; little is known about PCCRC in IBD.

Design: A population-based cohort study of colonoscopies in Sweden from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. Individuals with a colorectal cancer (CRC) detected within 36 months after a colonoscopy were identified and stratified on UC, Crohn's disease (CD) or non-IBD. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.

Gut 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Objective: The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) recommends 3 yearly colonoscopy surveillance for patients at intermediate risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) postpolypectomy (those with three to four small adenomas or one ≥10 mm). We investigated whether faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) could reduce surveillance burden on patients and endoscopy services.

Design: Intermediate-risk patients (60-72 years) recommended 3 yearly surveillance were recruited within the BCSP (January 2012-December 2013). Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Gut 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

SSD Epidemiologia e screening - CPO, University Hospital 'Città della Salute e della Scienza', Turin, Italy.

Objective: To present comparative data about the performance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes in the European Union Member States (EU MSs).

Design: Cross-sectional study. We analysed key performance indicators-participation rate, positivity rate (PR), detection rate (DR) and positive predictive value for adenomas and CRC-based on the aggregated quantitative data collected for the second EU screening report. Read More

Gut 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Gut 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Gut 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Gut 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

III Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.

Gut 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Imperial College London, London, UK.

Gut 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.

Objective: In order to refine new therapeutic strategies in the pipeline for HBV cure, evaluation of virological and immunological changes compartmentalised at the site of infection will be required. We therefore investigated if liver fine needle aspirates (FNAs) could comprehensively sample the local immune landscape in parallel with viable hepatocytes.

Design: Matched blood, liver biopsy and FNAs from 28 patients with HBV and 15 without viral infection were analysed using 16-colour multiparameter flow cytometry. Read More

Gut 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Objective: Recent evidence suggests that alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may differentially affect risk of cardiovascular mortality. To investigate whether early liver disease due to AFLD or NAFLD have similar or dissimilar effects on risk of early coronary artery atherosclerosis, we have investigated the associations between AFLD and NAFLD and coronary artery calcium (CAC).

Design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 105 328 Korean adults who attended a health check-up programme. Read More

Gut 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Objectives: Bacteriome and virome alterations are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the gut fungal microbiota in CRC remains largely unexplored. We aimed to characterise enteric mycobiome in CRC. Read More