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Auto Immun Highlights 2020 Dec 29;11(1). Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: CD59 deficiency is a congenital mutation disorder in complement pathway which can present with various manifestations.

Case Presentation: Herein, we presented an adolescent 16-years-old girl with recurrent attacks of Guillain-Barre in early childhood and then recurrent attacks of angioedema, paresthesia, and myelitis. Finally, she presented with quadriplegia, malar rash, proteinuria, lymphopenia, and high titer of antinuclear antibody. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2020 Jun 4;107:57-63. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paresis in childhood. Few validated large-scale population-based data are available concerning pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome, including incidence, risk factors, and initial clinical characteristics.

Methods: In the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified all children aged below 16 years (N = 212) diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome and admitted to any Danish department of pediatrics between 1987 and 2016. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2019 ;61(2):200-208

Department of Pediatric Neurology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.

Kılıç B, Güngör S, Özgör B. Clinical, electrophysiological findings and evaluation of prognosis of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 200-208. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2020 Feb 10;19(2):1091-1094. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.

Childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occasionally leads to respiratory failure early after onset, requiring long-term ventilation management after tracheal intubation. However, patients requiring tracheostomy management are rare. In the present study, a case of a 12-year-old boy with GBS who required artificial respiration management due to rapid progression of respiratory muscle paralysis is reported. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2020 02;118(1):e48-e52

Clínica ambulatoria. Hospital de Pediatría S. A. M. I. C. "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan".

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an entity of diverse etiology, characterized by acute, symmetric, ascending and progressive muscle weakness, being one of the most frequent acquired polyneuropathies in childhood. Neuropathies produced by heavy metals, mercury and lead, and metalloids, such as arsenic, organophosphorus pesticides and carbon tetrachloride, should be considered among the differential diagnoses. We present a 14-year-old patient with a presumptive diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome without response to conventional treatment with gamma globulin. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020 Mar 7;25:5-16. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Neuropediatrics, UMC, LMU Munich, Germany.

This evidence- and consensus-based practical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in childhood and adolescence has been developed by a group of delegates from relevant specialist societies and organisations; it is the result of an initiative by the German-Speaking Society of Neuropediatrics (GNP), and is supported by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften). A systematic analysis of the literature revealed that only a few adequately-controlled studies exist for this particular age group, while none carries a low risk of bias. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations largely rely on findings in adult patients with GBS, for which there are a higher number of suitable studies available. Read More

Viruses 2019 09 21;11(10). Epub 2019 Sep 21.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.

For the first 60 years following its isolation, Zika virus (ZIKV) remained a relatively poorly described member of the family. However, since 2007, it has caused a series of increasingly severe outbreaks and is now associated with neurological symptoms such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). A number of reports have improved our understanding of rare complications that may be associated with ZIKV infection in adults, the areas of the body to which it spreads, and viral persistence in various tissues. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2019 Sep 9. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Importance: Small-fiber polyneuropathy involves preferential damage to the thinly myelinated A-delta fibers, unmyelinated C sensory fibers, or autonomic or trophic fibers. Although this condition is common, most patients still remain undiagnosed and untreated because of lagging medical and public awareness of research advances. Chronic bilateral neuropathic pain, fatigue, and nausea are cardinal symptoms that can cause disability and dependence, including pain medication dependence. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2019 ;161:241-268

Reliant Medical Group and Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, United States. Electronic address:

Demyelinating neuropathies are remarkably varied in their clinical characteristics: In etiology they may be inherited or acquired, in their time course, acute or chronic, and in their distribution, multifocal or generalized. They present with phenotypes that range from an indolent disorder that begins in childhood and progresses slowly over decades (as might be seen in an inherited form) and leads to weakness but preserved ambulation, to a neuropathy with fulminant onset and rapid progression culminating in tetraparesis and respiratory failure (as seen in the Guillain-Barre syndrome). Often demyelinating neuropathies are amenable to treatment that greatly reduces the burden of disease and extent of disability. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), as defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1999, by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant publications.

Methods: A literature search from April 1999 to March 2018 identified studies investigating neuropsychiatric syndromes in cSLE patients, applying 1999 ACR Case Definitions, with a sample of at least 20 patients. Case reports, small case series, reviews, articles that did not use 1999 ACR case definitions, and those with adult SLE patients were excluded. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):404-409

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Context: Proximal lower limb weakness presenting acutely with or without preceding fever is a strong mimic of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) forms an important differential diagnosis in such cases.

Aim: To characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with BACM for better understanding of the disease. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 04 7;86(4):321-322. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 04 12;86(4):329-334. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Objectives: To compare the clinical profile and short-term outcome of children with axonal and demyelinating subtypes of childhood Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Consecutive children with Guillain Barré syndrome were recruited to compare the clinical profile and short term outcome among the subtypes. Read More

Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2018 Sep 5;55(3):199-204. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: We assessed the clinical, epidemiologic, electrophysiological and prognostic characteristics of childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome admitted to 13 pediatric neurology centers in Turkey.

Method: Using a standard data recording form age, sex, duration of symptoms, distribution of weakness at onset, cranial nerve involvement, cerebrospinal fluid findings, electrophysiological findings, duration of hospitalization, requirement of ventilation, treatment and clinical evaluation scale at onset, discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge were recorded.

Results: Among the 236 children with a median age of 6. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2018 ;12(3):133-138

Department of Pediatrics, Medical University and University Clinic of Pediatrics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) belongs to the group of peripheral immune-mediated neuropathies often preceded by an inflammatory episode. GBS is rarely associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the latter as a rule antecedent of the neurological disorders. This association is quite rare in childhood, and so far, only isolated cases have been described. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2018 11 14;34(11):2291-2297. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study reviews the clinical features, subtypes, and outcomes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: Fifty-four children who attended a tertiary care training and research hospital in Turkey were enrolled in the study.

Results: The mean age was 6. Read More

Neurologia 2018 Jun 15. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Servicio de Neurología, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.

Introduction: According to most studies, the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome increases with age, with a peak incidence occurring between 70 and 80 years of age. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence (overall and by sex and age group) and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Osona (Barcelona, Spain).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, descriptive, population-based study covering the period 2003 to 2016. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018 03;23(1):67-69

Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

J Neurol Sci 2017 Dec 1;383:214-215. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.

Zika virus infection represents a new neuropathological agent with association to a wide spectrum of neurological complications: a) Congenital Zika Syndrome by affecting the neural stem cells of the human fetal brain; b) Guillain-Barré Syndrome by an autoimmune response against peripheral myelin and/or axonal components or probable direct inflammatory reaction; c) Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis and myelitis by a direct viral inflammatory process on the central nervous system; d) Sensory neuropathy by infecting directly the peripheral neurons and causing substantial cell death and pathogenic transcriptional dysregulation; e) Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and optic neuropathy; f) Seizures and Epilepsy and g) childhood arterial ischemic stroke by probable inflammatory reaction and endothelial injury. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2017 11;24(11):e81-e82

Research unit UR12 SP24 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia.

Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2017 Nov;18(8):628-637

4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Background: While there are guidelines for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis based on high-level evidence studies, data are scarce for the majority of neurologic disorders in this age group. Neuronal antibodies are detected in children with seizures of autoimmune etiology. Intravenous immunoglobulins with their broad immunomodulatory mechanism of action could be ideally effective in different forms of immunedysregulated intractable epilepsies such as autoimmune epilepsy and autoimmune Rasmussen encephalitis. Read More

J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017 Nov - Dec;93 Suppl 1:26-35. Epub 2017 Jul 27.

Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Departamento Materno Infantil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

Objectives: This review article aimed to present a clinical approach, emphasizing the diagnostic investigation, to children and adolescents who present in the emergency room with acute-onset muscle weakness.

Sources: A systematic search was performed in PubMed database during April and May 2017, using the following search terms in various combinations: "acute," "weakness," "motor deficit," "flaccid paralysis," "child," "pediatric," and "emergency". The articles chosen for this review were published over the past ten years, from 1997 through 2017. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017 06;22(2):100-105

Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Residual motor nerve dysfunction after pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was determined in an observational cross-sectional cohort study in patients who previously developed GBS during childhood (<18 years). Ulnar motor nerve dysfunction was defined by compound motor action potential (CMAP) scan in patients after a follow up of at least 1 year compared with age-matched healthy controls, in relation to clinical course and outcome. A total of 37 persons previously diagnosed with GBS in childhood were included with a mean age at current examination of 20. Read More

Pediatr Res 2017 Aug 17;82(2):333-339. Epub 2017 May 17.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

BackgroundTo determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).MethodsChildren with GBS admitted to the Tabriz Children's Hospital were studied prospectively. All patients had frequent clinical evaluations until achieving independent walking. Read More

Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017 Jun;30(3):322-328

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

Purpose Of Review: Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as one of the most common causes of food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide, resulting in a self-limiting dysentery in developed countries. However, it is increasingly gaining attention due to its association with postinfectious complications such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and recently recognized importance in early childhood diarrhea in developing countries. We hypothesize that the inflammation mediated by C. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017 03;22(1):51-58

Direction de la stratégie, des études et des statistiques, French National Health Insurance (Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés), Paris, France.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is potentially life threatening and typically occurs after an infection. No detailed information is available concerning the epidemiological characteristics of GBS in France. We estimated age- and sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) based on a French nationwide hospital discharge database. Read More

Cent Eur J Immunol 2016 25;41(3):328-331. Epub 2016 Oct 25.

Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is an acute complication of an infection characterized by calf pain, limitation of lower limb mobility, an increase in serum creatine kinase, and a self-limiting course. No reports of BACM in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) can be found in the literature.

Case Report: A 5-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive INS presented with fever, leg pain, and problems with walking. Read More

Brain Dev 2017 Mar 4;39(3):248-251. Epub 2016 Nov 4.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and clinical relevance of neuronal autoantibodies in children with demyelinating syndromes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 31 consecutive children with demyelinating syndromes. Four patients with N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 32 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, 13 children with benign childhood epilepsy, and 28 healthy children were used as controls. Read More

Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2016 Jul;37(3):179-183

2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis usually involving one brain hemisphere, presenting with refractory epileptic seizures, and neurological and cognitive decline. Only 10% of cases start later in adolescence/adulthood. The only effective treatment for refractory seizures in childhood is hemispherectomy. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 Sep 13;20(5):754-7. Epub 2016 May 13.

Neuropediatric Unit, Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

Background: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome, is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy usually triggered by infections or vaccinations. In childhood AIDP is commonly described after the first year of life. Here, we present a case of a newborn infant with AIDP manifestation directly after delivery. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2016 ;10(1):65-9

Neurologist,İstanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital Neurology Department, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), characterized with decreased compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) and absence of demyelinating findings in electrophysiological studies, is a subtype of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). A 4 yr-old male patient presented with ascending weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia to İstanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital Neurology outpatient for three days to in 2012. Read More

PLoS One 2016 14;11(3):e0151611. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Objective: Clinical characteristics of pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been extensively studied whereas scarcely been compared with those of adult GBS. Herein we compared the clinical features of GBS between pediatric and adult patients.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 750 patients with GBS (541 adults and 209 children), and compared the clinical characteristics between children and adults. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 May 18;20(3):439-43. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre (U.L.B.), Rue Haute 322, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (U.L.B.), Avenue Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an acute polyradiculoneuritis regarded as an uncommon clinical variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). MFS is characterized by the acute onset of the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, cereballar ataxia and areflexia. Atypical forms of MFS presenting as isolated ophthalmoplegia without ataxia have been rarely described, mostly in adults. Read More

S Afr Med J 2015 Oct;105(10):876

Acute ataxia in childhood is often caused by toxin ingestion. With the increasing number of paediatric patients on antiretroviral medication, we observe more side-effects of these drugs. Acute ataxia is defined as unsteadiness of walking or fine motor movement of <72 hours. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2016 Feb 20;55:17-21. Epub 2015 Oct 20.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Background: In 2014-2015, several regions of the United States experienced an outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis in pediatric patients. A common, unique feature was disease localization to the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Methods: We report 11 children, ages 13 months to 14 years (median 9 years), in the Intermountain West who presented with extremity weakness (n = 10) or cranial neuropathy (n = 1) of varying severity without an apparent etiology. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 Jan 14;20(1):168-75. Epub 2015 Nov 14.

Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most frequent cause of flaccid paresis in Western countries. Moreover, CMV infection is the most common antecedent viral infection in adult patients and the presence of specific IGM antiganglioside antibodies is often identified. Instead, Guillain-Barré syndrome following CMV infections is rarely reported in childhood and often presents severe symptoms at onset and longer recovery times. Read More

Vojnosanit Pregl 2015 Jul;72(7):639-41

Introduction: Childhood onset myasthenia gravis associated with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies is very rare and atypical in presentation.

Case Report: As a baby, the pre- sented patient was choking and sleeping with open eyes. She had weak cry and breathing difficulties. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2015 Sep;39(3):E13

Departments of 1 Neurologic Surgery.

Intraneural perineurioma is a rare, benign slow-growing lesion arising from the perineurial cells that surrounds the peripheral nerve fibers. Typically it presents during childhood and young adulthood as a motor mononeuropathy. MRI plays an essential role in the diagnosis and localization of the lesion, which appears as a fusiform enlargement of the nerve fascicles that enhances intensely with gadolinium. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015 ;11(12):2749-63

a Acute and Emergency Paediatric and General Paediatric Operative Unit; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.

Immunotherapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders have inspired the scientific community. The aim of our review is to address the translational aspects of neuroimmunology to describe the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. In the studies we analyzed IVIG were found to be efficient in the treatment of post-streptococcal neurodegenerative disorders, even if in PANDAS, plasma-exchange (PE) showed a higher efficiency. Read More

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016 Dec;51(3):303-314

Department of Allergy-Immunology, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) provides replacement therapy in immunodeficiency and immunomodulatory therapy in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This paper describes the immune mechanisms underlying six major non-primary immunodeficiency pediatric diseases and the diverse immunomodulatory functions of IVIG therapy. In Kawasaki disease, IVIG plays a major, proven, and effective role in decreasing aneurysm formation, which represents an aberrant inflammatory response to an infectious trigger in a genetically predisposed individual. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015 Jun;20(2):72-8

Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

We report seven children with recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and severe Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that presented to two European medical centres from 1992 to 2012. Severe GBS was defined as the occurrence of respiratory failure, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, or death. Five children had GBS, one Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis (BBE), and one acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP). Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2015 Jan-Mar;10(1):67-9

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Max Superspecialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. Axonal variants of this disease are rare, and frequently life-threatening or debilitating. The course and outcome of a 17-month-old child with acute flaccid paralysis including severe respiratory involvement are presented. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Jan 1;9(1):SC09-12. Epub 2015 Jan 1.

Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, KMC Manipal , India .

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute monophasic demyelinating neuropathy characterized by progressive motor weakness of limbs with areflexia.

Aim: To study the clinical pattern and outcome of children with Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a pediatric unit of tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2014 Nov-Dec;40(6):858-9

Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraiba and Department of Urology, Police Military Hospital Edson Ramalho, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.

Introduction: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute neuropathy that rarely compromises bladder function. Conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization and pharmacotherapy is the primary approach for hypocompliant contracted bladder. Surgical treatment may be used in refractory cases to improve bladder compliance and capacity in order to protect the upper urinary tract. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014 ;18(17):2496-9

Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital, "Vittorio Emanuele Polyclinic", Catania, Italy.

Three young patients with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) are reported. Some weeks following an upper tract infection, the children after a short period of recovery, showed acute onset of symmetric weakness of the lower limbs with difficulty in standing by and walking. The distal muscle weakness had a rapid progression with involvement of the cranial nerve, and then with severe impairment of the consciousness till to coma in one of the three children. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2014 Sep 8;113(9):634-9. Epub 2012 Sep 8.

Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.

Background/purpose: Since little has been reported in previous studies, we aimed to find the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics associated with childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in Northeast China.

Methods: The clinical and electrophysiologic data were collected and reviewed retrospectively in 33 children and 105 adults with GBS during the period between 2006 and 2010 from the First Hospital of Jilin University.

Results: Most of the children with GBS were older than 8 years of age and symptoms were severe at GBS onset. Read More

Pediatr Ann 2014 Apr;43(4):153-9

Ataxia refers to motor incoordination that is usually most prominent during movement or when a child is attempting to maintain a sitting posture. The first part of the review focuses on the anatomic localization of ataxia--both within the nervous system and without--using a combination of historical features and physical findings. The remainder of the review discusses etiological considerations that vary depending on the age group under consideration. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2014 Jun 28;99(6):532-8. Epub 2014 Feb 28.

Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK.

Objective: To record clinical findings in all new cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or Fisher syndrome (FS) in UK children in the 2 years following September 2009 and determine the proportion temporally associated with recent infections, pandemic H1N1 (2009) strain influenza vaccination or seasonal influenza vaccination.

Design: A prospective UK-wide epidemiological study using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit system.

Patients: Children aged 16 years or less meeting the Brighton Collaboration criteria for GBS or FS. Read More

Pediatr Int 2013 Dec;55(6):778-82

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rapidly progressive symmetrical muscle weakness associated with acute inflammatory disease. Transverse myelitis (TM) is the inflammation of the spinal cord characterized by rapidly evolving muscle weakness in the lower extremities, defects in sensory level and sphincter dysfunction. Guillain-Barré syndrome, and TM association occurs very rarely in childhood. Read More

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2013 5;5(3):81-5. Epub 2013 Oct 5.

Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a common and important complication in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and may be the cause of significant morbidity or death. Limited studies have evaluated this complication in childhood GBS. Our objectives were to show the prevalence of AD in children with GBS and investigate its association with the severity of the disease. Read More