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Front Pediatr 2021 29;9:649053. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.

To delineate the comprehensive clinical features of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome in childhood. The clinical data of children diagnosed with anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome at two Chinese tertiary pediatric neurology centers were collected and analyzed. We also conducted a systematic literature review on anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome in children. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 Feb;23(2):153-157

Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.

Objective: To study the clinical features of children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and the significance of Brighton criteria in childhood GBS.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 72 children with GBS. Brighton criteria were used for the grading of diagnostic certainty (level 1 as the highest level, and level 4 as the lowest level). Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021 Mar 22;31:27-30. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.

We report a 5-year-old male with a PDHA1 variant who presented with alternating hemiplegia of childhood and later developed developmental regression, basal ganglia injury and episodic lactic acidosis. Enzyme assay in lymphocytes confirmed a diagnosis of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) deficiency. His mother who was heterozygous for the same variant suffered from ophthalmoplegia, chronic migraine and developed flaccid paralysis at 36 years of age. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021 03 15;26(1):83-89. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Laboratory of Gut-Brain Signaling, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the preceding infections, clinical, serological and electrophysiological characteristics and outcome of childhood GBS in Bangladesh. We included 174 patients with GBS aged <18 years from a prospective cohort in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2018. Read More

Neuropediatrics 2021 02 27;52(1):19-26. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Guillain-Barré's syndrome in childhood can follow an atypical course, increasing the challenges in diagnosis and decisions regarding immunomodulatory treatment. Here, we report the case of on a 13-year-old boy with acute onset Guillain-Barré's syndrome progressing over 40 days to a very severe, locked-in-like syndrome despite intensive immunomodulatory treatment. After a plateau phase lasting 3 months and characterized by fluctuating signs of ongoing inflammatory disease activity, we were prompted to perform repeated and maintenance immunomodulatory treatment, which resulted in a continuous and nearly complete recovery of function. Read More

J Immunol Methods 2021 Jan 16;488:112900. Epub 2020 Oct 16.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:

Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global public health issue due to its teratogenicity and ability to cause Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Although anti-ZIKV envelope protein neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection, the non-neutralizing function of ZIKV antibodies including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is incompletely understood. To study the role of ADCC antibodies during ZIKV infections, we generated a stably transfected, dual-reporter target cell line with inducible expression of a chimeric ZIKV prM-E protein on the cell surface as the target cell for the assay. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020 Sep;22(9):970-974

Department of Electrophysiology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.

Objective: To study the association of motor nerve conduction block (CB) with different subtypes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and nerve electrophysiological data of 50 children with GBS. According to the results of nerve electrophysiology, the children were divided into an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) group with 29 children and an acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) group with 21 children. Read More

Cureus 2020 Aug 10;12(8):e9645. Epub 2020 Aug 10.

Pediatric Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Pensacola, USA.

Synchronous occurrence of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) happens very rarely in childhood. Only a few cases of these conditions occurring simultaneously have been reported and represent a diagnostic challenge. We describe a case of a 17-year-old male presenting with acute onset of bilateral symmetrical numbness and tingling starting in the feet that rapidly ascended to the legs with associated motor weakness, associated with a sensory level and urinary retention. Read More

Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2020 Jul 21:1-7. Epub 2020 Jul 21.

Deutsche Akademie für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e. V., Chausseestr. 128/129, 10115 Berlin, Deutschland.

Vaccinations are often administered at an age when many neurological diseases of childhood and adolescence also occur. Febrile seizures may occur following vaccination in patients with an appropriate genetic predisposition. The occurrence of narcolepsy has been described more frequently after pandemic influenza A-H1N1 vaccinations. Read More

Value Health 2020 07 29;23(7):969-976. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objectives: In this systematic review, we synthesize the current evidence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for the two of the most relevant outcomes of Zika virus infection in humans, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS).

Methods: We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, WHO's ICTRP clinical trials registries database and PROSPERO. Search terms included quality of life, microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Read More

Auto Immun Highlights 2020 Dec 29;11(1). Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: CD59 deficiency is a congenital mutation disorder in complement pathway which can present with various manifestations.

Case Presentation: Herein, we presented an adolescent 16-years-old girl with recurrent attacks of Guillain-Barre in early childhood and then recurrent attacks of angioedema, paresthesia, and myelitis. Finally, she presented with quadriplegia, malar rash, proteinuria, lymphopenia, and high titer of antinuclear antibody. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2020 06 4;107:57-63. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paresis in childhood. Few validated large-scale population-based data are available concerning pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome, including incidence, risk factors, and initial clinical characteristics.

Methods: In the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified all children aged below 16 years (N = 212) diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome and admitted to any Danish department of pediatrics between 1987 and 2016. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2019 ;61(2):200-208

Department of Pediatric Neurology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.

Kılıç B, Güngör S, Özgör B. Clinical, electrophysiological findings and evaluation of prognosis of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 200-208. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2020 Feb 10;19(2):1091-1094. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.

Childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occasionally leads to respiratory failure early after onset, requiring long-term ventilation management after tracheal intubation. However, patients requiring tracheostomy management are rare. In the present study, a case of a 12-year-old boy with GBS who required artificial respiration management due to rapid progression of respiratory muscle paralysis is reported. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2020 02;118(1):e48-e52

Clínica ambulatoria. Hospital de Pediatría S. A. M. I. C. "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan".

Guillain-Barré syndrome is an entity of diverse etiology, characterized by acute, symmetric, ascending and progressive muscle weakness, being one of the most frequent acquired polyneuropathies in childhood. Neuropathies produced by heavy metals, mercury and lead, and metalloids, such as arsenic, organophosphorus pesticides and carbon tetrachloride, should be considered among the differential diagnoses. We present a 14-year-old patient with a presumptive diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome without response to conventional treatment with gamma globulin. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020 Mar 7;25:5-16. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Neuropediatrics, UMC, LMU Munich, Germany.

This evidence- and consensus-based practical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in childhood and adolescence has been developed by a group of delegates from relevant specialist societies and organisations; it is the result of an initiative by the German-Speaking Society of Neuropediatrics (GNP), and is supported by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften). A systematic analysis of the literature revealed that only a few adequately-controlled studies exist for this particular age group, while none carries a low risk of bias. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations largely rely on findings in adult patients with GBS, for which there are a higher number of suitable studies available. Read More

Viruses 2019 09 21;11(10). Epub 2019 Sep 21.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.

For the first 60 years following its isolation, Zika virus (ZIKV) remained a relatively poorly described member of the family. However, since 2007, it has caused a series of increasingly severe outbreaks and is now associated with neurological symptoms such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). A number of reports have improved our understanding of rare complications that may be associated with ZIKV infection in adults, the areas of the body to which it spreads, and viral persistence in various tissues. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2019 Oct;76(10):1240-1251

Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Importance: Small-fiber polyneuropathy involves preferential damage to the thinly myelinated A-delta fibers, unmyelinated C sensory fibers, or autonomic or trophic fibers. Although this condition is common, most patients still remain undiagnosed and untreated because of lagging medical and public awareness of research advances. Chronic bilateral neuropathic pain, fatigue, and nausea are cardinal symptoms that can cause disability and dependence, including pain medication dependence. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2019 ;161:241-268

Reliant Medical Group and Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, United States. Electronic address:

Demyelinating neuropathies are remarkably varied in their clinical characteristics: In etiology they may be inherited or acquired, in their time course, acute or chronic, and in their distribution, multifocal or generalized. They present with phenotypes that range from an indolent disorder that begins in childhood and progresses slowly over decades (as might be seen in an inherited form) and leads to weakness but preserved ambulation, to a neuropathy with fulminant onset and rapid progression culminating in tetraparesis and respiratory failure (as seen in the Guillain-Barre syndrome). Often demyelinating neuropathies are amenable to treatment that greatly reduces the burden of disease and extent of disability. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), as defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1999, by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant publications.

Methods: A literature search from April 1999 to March 2018 identified studies investigating neuropsychiatric syndromes in cSLE patients, applying 1999 ACR Case Definitions, with a sample of at least 20 patients. Case reports, small case series, reviews, articles that did not use 1999 ACR case definitions, and those with adult SLE patients were excluded. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):404-409

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Context: Proximal lower limb weakness presenting acutely with or without preceding fever is a strong mimic of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) forms an important differential diagnosis in such cases.

Aim: To characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with BACM for better understanding of the disease. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 04 7;86(4):321-322. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Pediatr 2019 04 12;86(4):329-334. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Objectives: To compare the clinical profile and short-term outcome of children with axonal and demyelinating subtypes of childhood Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Consecutive children with Guillain Barré syndrome were recruited to compare the clinical profile and short term outcome among the subtypes. Read More

Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2018 Sep 5;55(3):199-204. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: We assessed the clinical, epidemiologic, electrophysiological and prognostic characteristics of childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome admitted to 13 pediatric neurology centers in Turkey.

Method: Using a standard data recording form age, sex, duration of symptoms, distribution of weakness at onset, cranial nerve involvement, cerebrospinal fluid findings, electrophysiological findings, duration of hospitalization, requirement of ventilation, treatment and clinical evaluation scale at onset, discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge were recorded.

Results: Among the 236 children with a median age of 6. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2018 ;12(3):133-138

Department of Pediatrics, Medical University and University Clinic of Pediatrics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) belongs to the group of peripheral immune-mediated neuropathies often preceded by an inflammatory episode. GBS is rarely associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the latter as a rule antecedent of the neurological disorders. This association is quite rare in childhood, and so far, only isolated cases have been described. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2018 11 14;34(11):2291-2297. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study reviews the clinical features, subtypes, and outcomes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: Fifty-four children who attended a tertiary care training and research hospital in Turkey were enrolled in the study.

Results: The mean age was 6. Read More

Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2018 Jun 15. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Servicio de Neurología, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.

Introduction: According to most studies, the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome increases with age, with a peak incidence occurring between 70 and 80 years of age. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence (overall and by sex and age group) and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Osona (Barcelona, Spain).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, descriptive, population-based study covering the period 2003 to 2016. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018 03;23(1):67-69

Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

J Neurol Sci 2017 Dec 1;383:214-215. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.

Zika virus infection represents a new neuropathological agent with association to a wide spectrum of neurological complications: a) Congenital Zika Syndrome by affecting the neural stem cells of the human fetal brain; b) Guillain-Barré Syndrome by an autoimmune response against peripheral myelin and/or axonal components or probable direct inflammatory reaction; c) Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis and myelitis by a direct viral inflammatory process on the central nervous system; d) Sensory neuropathy by infecting directly the peripheral neurons and causing substantial cell death and pathogenic transcriptional dysregulation; e) Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and optic neuropathy; f) Seizures and Epilepsy and g) childhood arterial ischemic stroke by probable inflammatory reaction and endothelial injury. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2017 11;24(11):e81-e82

Research unit UR12 SP24 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia.