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J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):404-409

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Context: Proximal lower limb weakness presenting acutely with or without preceding fever is a strong mimic of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) forms an important differential diagnosis in such cases.

Aim: To characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with BACM for better understanding of the disease. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Apr 12;86(4):329-334. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Objectives: To compare the clinical profile and short-term outcome of children with axonal and demyelinating subtypes of childhood Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. Consecutive children with Guillain Barré syndrome were recruited to compare the clinical profile and short term outcome among the subtypes. Read More

Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2018 Sep 5;55(3):199-204. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: We assessed the clinical, epidemiologic, electrophysiological and prognostic characteristics of childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome admitted to 13 pediatric neurology centers in Turkey.

Method: Using a standard data recording form age, sex, duration of symptoms, distribution of weakness at onset, cranial nerve involvement, cerebrospinal fluid findings, electrophysiological findings, duration of hospitalization, requirement of ventilation, treatment and clinical evaluation scale at onset, discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge were recorded.

Results: Among the 236 children with a median age of 6. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2018 ;12(3):133-138

Department of Pediatrics, Medical University and University Clinic of Pediatrics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) belongs to the group of peripheral immune-mediated neuropathies often preceded by an inflammatory episode. GBS is rarely associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the latter as a rule antecedent of the neurological disorders. This association is quite rare in childhood, and so far, only isolated cases have been described. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2018 Nov 14;34(11):2291-2297. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study reviews the clinical features, subtypes, and outcomes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Methods: Fifty-four children who attended a tertiary care training and research hospital in Turkey were enrolled in the study.

Results: The mean age was 6. Read More

Neurologia 2018 Jun 15. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Servicio de Neurología, Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Barcelona, España.

Introduction: According to most studies, the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome increases with age, with a peak incidence occurring between 70 and 80 years of age. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence (overall and by sex and age group) and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Osona (Barcelona, Spain).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, descriptive, population-based study covering the period 2003 to 2016. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018 Mar;23(1):67-69

Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

J Neurol Sci 2017 Dec 1;383:214-215. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Honduras.

Zika virus infection represents a new neuropathological agent with association to a wide spectrum of neurological complications: a) Congenital Zika Syndrome by affecting the neural stem cells of the human fetal brain; b) Guillain-Barré Syndrome by an autoimmune response against peripheral myelin and/or axonal components or probable direct inflammatory reaction; c) Encephalitis/meningoencephalitis and myelitis by a direct viral inflammatory process on the central nervous system; d) Sensory neuropathy by infecting directly the peripheral neurons and causing substantial cell death and pathogenic transcriptional dysregulation; e) Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and optic neuropathy; f) Seizures and Epilepsy and g) childhood arterial ischemic stroke by probable inflammatory reaction and endothelial injury. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2017 11;24(11):e81-e82

Research unit UR12 SP24 and Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia.

Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2017 Nov;18(8):628-637

4th Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Background: While there are guidelines for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis based on high-level evidence studies, data are scarce for the majority of neurologic disorders in this age group. Neuronal antibodies are detected in children with seizures of autoimmune etiology. Intravenous immunoglobulins with their broad immunomodulatory mechanism of action could be ideally effective in different forms of immunedysregulated intractable epilepsies such as autoimmune epilepsy and autoimmune Rasmussen encephalitis. Read More

J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017 Nov - Dec;93 Suppl 1:26-35. Epub 2017 Jul 27.

Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Departamento Materno Infantil, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

Objectives: This review article aimed to present a clinical approach, emphasizing the diagnostic investigation, to children and adolescents who present in the emergency room with acute-onset muscle weakness.

Sources: A systematic search was performed in PubMed database during April and May 2017, using the following search terms in various combinations: "acute," "weakness," "motor deficit," "flaccid paralysis," "child," "pediatric," and "emergency". The articles chosen for this review were published over the past ten years, from 1997 through 2017. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017 06;22(2):100-105

Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Residual motor nerve dysfunction after pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was determined in an observational cross-sectional cohort study in patients who previously developed GBS during childhood (<18 years). Ulnar motor nerve dysfunction was defined by compound motor action potential (CMAP) scan in patients after a follow up of at least 1 year compared with age-matched healthy controls, in relation to clinical course and outcome. A total of 37 persons previously diagnosed with GBS in childhood were included with a mean age at current examination of 20. Read More

Pediatr Res 2017 Aug 17;82(2):333-339. Epub 2017 May 17.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.

BackgroundTo determine the predictors of achieving independent walking at 2 and 6 months after onset of weakness in children with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).MethodsChildren with GBS admitted to the Tabriz Children's Hospital were studied prospectively. All patients had frequent clinical evaluations until achieving independent walking. Read More

Curr Opin Infect Dis 2017 Jun;30(3):322-328

Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

Purpose Of Review: Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as one of the most common causes of food-borne gastrointestinal illness worldwide, resulting in a self-limiting dysentery in developed countries. However, it is increasingly gaining attention due to its association with postinfectious complications such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome and recently recognized importance in early childhood diarrhea in developing countries. We hypothesize that the inflammation mediated by C. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017 03;22(1):51-58

Direction de la stratégie, des études et des statistiques, French National Health Insurance (Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés), Paris, France.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is potentially life threatening and typically occurs after an infection. No detailed information is available concerning the epidemiological characteristics of GBS in France. We estimated age- and sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) based on a French nationwide hospital discharge database. Read More

Cent Eur J Immunol 2016 25;41(3):328-331. Epub 2016 Oct 25.

Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is an acute complication of an infection characterized by calf pain, limitation of lower limb mobility, an increase in serum creatine kinase, and a self-limiting course. No reports of BACM in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) can be found in the literature.

Case Report: A 5-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive INS presented with fever, leg pain, and problems with walking. Read More

Brain Dev 2017 Mar 4;39(3):248-251. Epub 2016 Nov 4.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and clinical relevance of neuronal autoantibodies in children with demyelinating syndromes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 31 consecutive children with demyelinating syndromes. Four patients with N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 32 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, 13 children with benign childhood epilepsy, and 28 healthy children were used as controls. Read More

Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2016 Jul;37(3):179-183

2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis usually involving one brain hemisphere, presenting with refractory epileptic seizures, and neurological and cognitive decline. Only 10% of cases start later in adolescence/adulthood. The only effective treatment for refractory seizures in childhood is hemispherectomy. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 Sep 13;20(5):754-7. Epub 2016 May 13.

Neuropediatric Unit, Dept of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.

Background: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), also known as Guillain-Barré syndrome, is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy usually triggered by infections or vaccinations. In childhood AIDP is commonly described after the first year of life. Here, we present a case of a newborn infant with AIDP manifestation directly after delivery. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2016 ;10(1):65-9

Neurologist,İstanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital Neurology Department, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), characterized with decreased compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) and absence of demyelinating findings in electrophysiological studies, is a subtype of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). A 4 yr-old male patient presented with ascending weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia to İstanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital Neurology outpatient for three days to in 2012. Read More

PLoS One 2016 14;11(3):e0151611. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Objective: Clinical characteristics of pediatric Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been extensively studied whereas scarcely been compared with those of adult GBS. Herein we compared the clinical features of GBS between pediatric and adult patients.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 750 patients with GBS (541 adults and 209 children), and compared the clinical characteristics between children and adults. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 May 18;20(3):439-43. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre (U.L.B.), Rue Haute 322, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (U.L.B.), Avenue Crocq 15, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is an acute polyradiculoneuritis regarded as an uncommon clinical variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). MFS is characterized by the acute onset of the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, cereballar ataxia and areflexia. Atypical forms of MFS presenting as isolated ophthalmoplegia without ataxia have been rarely described, mostly in adults. Read More

S Afr Med J 2015 Oct;105(10):876

Acute ataxia in childhood is often caused by toxin ingestion. With the increasing number of paediatric patients on antiretroviral medication, we observe more side-effects of these drugs. Acute ataxia is defined as unsteadiness of walking or fine motor movement of <72 hours. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2016 Feb 20;55:17-21. Epub 2015 Oct 20.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Background: In 2014-2015, several regions of the United States experienced an outbreak of acute flaccid myelitis in pediatric patients. A common, unique feature was disease localization to the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Methods: We report 11 children, ages 13 months to 14 years (median 9 years), in the Intermountain West who presented with extremity weakness (n = 10) or cranial neuropathy (n = 1) of varying severity without an apparent etiology. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016 Jan 14;20(1):168-75. Epub 2015 Nov 14.

Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most frequent cause of flaccid paresis in Western countries. Moreover, CMV infection is the most common antecedent viral infection in adult patients and the presence of specific IGM antiganglioside antibodies is often identified. Instead, Guillain-Barré syndrome following CMV infections is rarely reported in childhood and often presents severe symptoms at onset and longer recovery times. Read More

Vojnosanit Pregl 2015 Jul;72(7):639-41

Introduction: Childhood onset myasthenia gravis associated with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies is very rare and atypical in presentation.

Case Report: As a baby, the pre- sented patient was choking and sleeping with open eyes. She had weak cry and breathing difficulties. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2015 Sep;39(3):E13

Departments of 1 Neurologic Surgery.

Intraneural perineurioma is a rare, benign slow-growing lesion arising from the perineurial cells that surrounds the peripheral nerve fibers. Typically it presents during childhood and young adulthood as a motor mononeuropathy. MRI plays an essential role in the diagnosis and localization of the lesion, which appears as a fusiform enlargement of the nerve fascicles that enhances intensely with gadolinium. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015 ;11(12):2749-63

a Acute and Emergency Paediatric and General Paediatric Operative Unit; Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy.

Immunotherapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disorders have inspired the scientific community. The aim of our review is to address the translational aspects of neuroimmunology to describe the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. In the studies we analyzed IVIG were found to be efficient in the treatment of post-streptococcal neurodegenerative disorders, even if in PANDAS, plasma-exchange (PE) showed a higher efficiency. Read More

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016 Dec;51(3):303-314

Department of Allergy-Immunology, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) provides replacement therapy in immunodeficiency and immunomodulatory therapy in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This paper describes the immune mechanisms underlying six major non-primary immunodeficiency pediatric diseases and the diverse immunomodulatory functions of IVIG therapy. In Kawasaki disease, IVIG plays a major, proven, and effective role in decreasing aneurysm formation, which represents an aberrant inflammatory response to an infectious trigger in a genetically predisposed individual. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015 Jun;20(2):72-8

Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

We report seven children with recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and severe Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that presented to two European medical centres from 1992 to 2012. Severe GBS was defined as the occurrence of respiratory failure, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, or death. Five children had GBS, one Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis (BBE), and one acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP). Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2015 Jan-Mar;10(1):67-9

Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Max Superspecialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children. Axonal variants of this disease are rare, and frequently life-threatening or debilitating. The course and outcome of a 17-month-old child with acute flaccid paralysis including severe respiratory involvement are presented. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2015 Jan 1;9(1):SC09-12. Epub 2015 Jan 1.

Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, KMC Manipal , India .

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute monophasic demyelinating neuropathy characterized by progressive motor weakness of limbs with areflexia.

Aim: To study the clinical pattern and outcome of children with Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a pediatric unit of tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2014 Nov-Dec;40(6):858-9

Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraiba and Department of Urology, Police Military Hospital Edson Ramalho, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.

Introduction: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute neuropathy that rarely compromises bladder function. Conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization and pharmacotherapy is the primary approach for hypocompliant contracted bladder. Surgical treatment may be used in refractory cases to improve bladder compliance and capacity in order to protect the upper urinary tract. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014 ;18(17):2496-9

Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital, "Vittorio Emanuele Polyclinic", Catania, Italy.

Three young patients with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) are reported. Some weeks following an upper tract infection, the children after a short period of recovery, showed acute onset of symmetric weakness of the lower limbs with difficulty in standing by and walking. The distal muscle weakness had a rapid progression with involvement of the cranial nerve, and then with severe impairment of the consciousness till to coma in one of the three children. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2014 Sep 8;113(9):634-9. Epub 2012 Sep 8.

Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.

Background/purpose: Since little has been reported in previous studies, we aimed to find the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics associated with childhood Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in Northeast China.

Methods: The clinical and electrophysiologic data were collected and reviewed retrospectively in 33 children and 105 adults with GBS during the period between 2006 and 2010 from the First Hospital of Jilin University.

Results: Most of the children with GBS were older than 8 years of age and symptoms were severe at GBS onset. Read More

Pediatr Ann 2014 Apr;43(4):153-9

Ataxia refers to motor incoordination that is usually most prominent during movement or when a child is attempting to maintain a sitting posture. The first part of the review focuses on the anatomic localization of ataxia--both within the nervous system and without--using a combination of historical features and physical findings. The remainder of the review discusses etiological considerations that vary depending on the age group under consideration. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2014 Jun 28;99(6):532-8. Epub 2014 Feb 28.

Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK.

Objective: To record clinical findings in all new cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or Fisher syndrome (FS) in UK children in the 2 years following September 2009 and determine the proportion temporally associated with recent infections, pandemic H1N1 (2009) strain influenza vaccination or seasonal influenza vaccination.

Design: A prospective UK-wide epidemiological study using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit system.

Patients: Children aged 16 years or less meeting the Brighton Collaboration criteria for GBS or FS. Read More

Pediatr Int 2013 Dec;55(6):778-82

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rapidly progressive symmetrical muscle weakness associated with acute inflammatory disease. Transverse myelitis (TM) is the inflammation of the spinal cord characterized by rapidly evolving muscle weakness in the lower extremities, defects in sensory level and sphincter dysfunction. Guillain-Barré syndrome, and TM association occurs very rarely in childhood. Read More

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2013 5;5(3):81-5. Epub 2013 Oct 5.

Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is a common and important complication in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and may be the cause of significant morbidity or death. Limited studies have evaluated this complication in childhood GBS. Our objectives were to show the prevalence of AD in children with GBS and investigate its association with the severity of the disease. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2014 Mar 13;21(3):427-30. Epub 2013 Oct 13.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, DL 110029, India. Electronic address:

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care research centre in North India to describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of subtypes of childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome. Among the 68 children enrolled, 65 were finally diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome (median age, 60 months); 45 (69%) were boys. The most common subtype was acute motor axonal neuropathy in 27 patients (41. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2013 Aug 29;48(2):247-51. Epub 2013 Jun 29.

Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers, Hôtel-Dieu, F-44093 Nantes Cedex, France.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has some specific characteristics in children.

Methods: In this study we reviewed the clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and prognosis features of the 19 children diagnosed with GBS at Nantes University Hospital from 2000 to 2011.

Results: Gait disturbance and leg pain were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2013 Jan;8(1):59-63

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and transverse myelitis may occur coexistently in the pediatric population. This may be explained by a shared epitope between peripheral and central nervous system myelin. Coexistent transverse myelitis, myositis, and acute motor neuropathy in childhood have not been previously described. Read More

Acta Clin Croat 2012 Dec;51(4):673-83

University Department of Neurology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.

The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the management of patients with neuroimmune disorders has shown a progressive trend over the last few years. Despite the wide use of IVIg, consensus on its optimal use is deficient. The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) guidance regulations offer consensus recommendations for optimal use of IVIg. Read More

J Child Neurol 2014 Jun 26;29(6):830-2. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

Division of Child Neurology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.

Varicella (chickenpox) is a common childhood infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is often self-limiting and usually benign. Although uncommon, neurologic complications of varicella have been documented that include postinfectious cerebellar ataxia, meningoencephalitis, Reye syndrome, myelitis, optic neuritis, stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome, seventh cranial nerve palsy, and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. In this case study, the authors describe a 7-year-old girl who presented with varicella skin rash with unsteady gait and anarthria on day 2, and her condition was attributed to cerebellar mutism. Read More

Rev Neurol 2013 Mar;56(5):275-82

Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica. Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Madrid, España.

INTRODUCTION. The Guillan-Barre syndrome is the most frequent case of acute flacid paralysis in children. The diagnostic criteria differ according to the demyelinating or axonal variant and the prevalence by geographical area. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2012 Oct 21;53(5):295-9. Epub 2012 Aug 21.

Department of General Pediatric, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Background: Respiratory failure is rarely associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors of respiratory failure in children with GBS to advance management.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the variables that lead to respiratory failure were investigated in 40 children. Read More

BMJ 2012 Sep 17;345:e5823. Epub 2012 Sep 17.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.

Objectives: To predict the number of selected outcomes temporally associated but not caused by vaccination, to aid causality assessment of adverse events arising after mass immunisation in a paediatric population.

Design: Nationwide population based cohort study.

Setting: Denmark. Read More

Scott Med J 2012 Aug;57(3):182

Department of Paediatrics, General Hospital of Drama, Drama, Greece.

Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) is a rare, acute, self-limiting muscle disorder, mainly affecting school-aged boys, with an excellent prognosis, requiring no therapeutic intervention. We report a series of seven previously healthy school-aged children with clinical and laboratory findings suggesting BACM where no specific diagnostic investigations were performed. All of the children were hospitalized without any specific therapeutic intervention and were discharged after two or three days free of symptoms, residual impairment or other complication. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012 Sep;37(19):E1218-20

Department of Neurology, Firat (Euphrates) University, Elazig, Turkey.

Study Design: A case report.

Objective: To present improvement of paraplegia due to spinal vascular malformation after delivery with no intervention.

Summary Of Background Data: Pregnancy has been reported rarely in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS). Read More

Pediatr Rev 2012 Apr;33(4):164-70; quiz 170-1

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

• Based on strong research evidence, in countries where poliomyelitis has been eliminated, GBS is the most common cause of acquired paralysis in children. (9) • Based on strong research evidence, GBS describes a spectrum of disorders caused by an autoimmune reaction against peripheral nerve components, including the myelin sheath and the axon. (10)(11) • Based on strong research evidence, GBS usually is preceded by a bacterial or viral infection, less likely by vaccination in the 1 to 4 weeks before onset. Read More