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J Neurol Sci 2022 May 2;438:120275. Epub 2022 May 2.

Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with pre-existing neurological autoimmune diseases.

Methods: In this retrospective case-series, we examined exacerbations of underlying disease and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events in 5 patients who had been diagnosed with a neurological autoimmune disease prior to receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced malignancy.

Results: Two patients had a prior diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, two had Guillain-Barré syndrome, and one had chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy. Read More

Med Res Rev 2022 May 20. Epub 2022 May 20.

Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School (NUSGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the flavivirus genus and is transmitted in Aedes mosquito vectors. Since its discovery in humans in 1952 in Uganda, ZIKV has been responsible for many outbreaks in South America, Africa, and Asia. Patients infected with ZIKV are usually asymptomatic; mild symptoms include fever, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 29;13:800269. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.

causes foodborne gastroenteritis and may trigger acute autoimmune sequelae including Guillain Barré Syndrome. Onset of neuromuscular paralysis is associated with exposure to lipooligosaccharide (LOS) classes A, B, C, D, and E that mimic and evoke antibodies against gangliosides on myelin and axons of peripheral nerves. Family members managing a Michigan dairy operation reported recurring gastroenteritis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 19;15(5). Epub 2022 May 19.

Division of Haematology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare condition caused by autoimmune damage of peripheral nerves. We describe a case where a man in his 80s presented with subacute, progressive fatigue and weakness. He had received an outpatient work-up for possible haematological malignancy, but eventually presented to the emergency department for worsening weakness. Read More

BMC Rheumatol 2022 May 19;6(1):26. Epub 2022 May 19.

Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by plasma cell disorder almost always lambda restricted. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is an overlooked skin manifestation of the disease even though it is present in twenty percent of patients. On POEMS syndrome have not been described positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and this could lead to a misdiagnosis of autoimmune disease, mainly systemic sclerosis. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2022 May 9;10(5):e05828. Epub 2022 May 9.

Clinical Research Development Unit Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran.

Sjogren's syndrome is an inflammatory disease affecting many systems. We report a Sjogren case with the presenting feature of an acute motor-predominant polyneuropathy resembling Guillain-Barre syndrome. Upon further investigation, it was found that the patient had sicca symptoms for months. Read More

Neurol Res 2022 May 17:1-5. Epub 2022 May 17.

UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Objective: In Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), respiratory failure is the most serious manifestation and mechanical ventilation (MV) is required in approximately 20% of the patients. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate clinical factors that can be evaluated in the Emergency Department which may influence the short-term prognosis of GBS patients.

Methods: Data were acquired regarding age, sex, antecedent infections, neurological signs and symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid examination, nerve conduction studies, treatment of GBS, need for MV, length of stay in the hospital, and discharge destination (home or rehabilitation). Read More

Virol J 2022 May 15;19(1):83. Epub 2022 May 15.

National Polio Laboratory, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosecurity, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.

The C4 sub-genotype of Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been identified as the most dominant sub-genotype circulating in the Chinese mainland since 1998. The circulation situation of EV71 before 1998 is not well established due to insufficient experimental data. The C1 subgenotype of EV71 has not yet been reported in the Chinese mainland by now. Read More

Clin Immunol 2022 May 12:109039. Epub 2022 May 12.

Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State University", University Emb., 7-9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel Ha Shomer, Israel; Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.

Nowadays intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment is considered to play a promising role in the autoimmune disease therapy. Despite its significant beneficial effects, the precise mechanism of action needs further studies, as well as recommended dosage in the treatment of autoimmune dysautonomia. In some diseases, like Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), IVIg has a strong evidence that allows to recommend and prescribe the medication, while in other diseases only single case studies are available that requires further research. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

From the Department of Pediatrics.

Guillain-Barré syndrome has been associated with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children. Here, we report a 4-year-old boy who developed Guillain-Barré syndrome in the course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19. Read More

Can J Neurol Sci 2022 May;49(3):475

Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Cureus 2022 Apr 7;14(4):e23925. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Neurology, Olive View - University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.

Alexander the Great (356 BC - 323 BC) was only 20 years old when he was named the next King of Macedonia after his father was assassinated. The following 11 years witnessed the evolution of an outstanding leader who expanded his empire from Egypt to the Indian frontier. Despite successfully conquering much of the world, he was afflicted with a febrile illness at the age of 32, which he battled for a mere 11 days before perishing. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 9;15(5). Epub 2022 May 9.

Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, McKeesport, Pennsylvania, USA.

A Caucasian man in his 60s with a medical history significant for ruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm status post clipping 2005 with residual right eye blindness and right leg weakness with gait instability presented with loss of balance, weakness of his legs and fatigue for 3 days. No other antecedent event was identified other than receiving Moderna COVID-19 vaccine 4 weeks before the presentation and 3 days before symptom onset. CT head and CT angiogram of the head and neck were performed and demonstrated no acute intracranial bleeding and no vascular abnormalities. Read More

Can J Neurol Sci 2022 Mar 11:1-3. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Case Rep Med 2022 29;2022:5827664. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.

A previously well 32-year-old Chinese male presented with acute bilateral upper and lower limb paralysis upon waking, ten days after the onset of COVID-19 infection. Examination revealed areflexia over all four limbs, associated with reduced muscle strength, but no sensory or cranial nerve deficit. Initial concern was Guillain-Barre syndrome given the acute flaccid paralysis following COVID-19 infection. Read More

Vacunas 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Medicina de Rehabilitación, práctica privada, México.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune disorder that affects peripheral nerves and the cause is not known completely, but it is associated with infections by viruses or bacteria.

Case Report: We report the case of a 23-year-old male patient, a health student, who start 24 hours after received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with proximal weakness of the right upper limb, later on the left side with descending and distal progression.

Discussion: GBS cases related to COVID-19 vaccines have been published, the most common being BNT162b2, which is mRNA, there are also cases published after the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) vaccine, which is a non-replicating viral vector. Read More

Front Neurosci 2022 22;16:855868. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused several outbreaks of highly contagious respiratory diseases worldwide. The respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have been closely monitored and studied, while the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral system (PNS) lesions induced by COVID-19 have not received much attention. Currently, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy present with dizziness, headache, anxiety and depression, stroke, epileptic seizures, the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and demyelinating disease. Read More

Lancet Rheumatol 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.

Background: Concerns have been raised regarding the risks of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated with immunosuppressants, but clinical data on breakthrough infections are still scarce. The primary objective of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections between patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases using immunosuppressants, and controls (patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases not taking immunosuppressants and healthy controls) who had received full COVID-19 vaccinations. The secondary objective was to explore determinants of breakthrough infections of the delta (B. Read More

Vaccine 2022 May 27;40(24):3305-3312. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Background incidence rates are critical in pharmacovigilance to facilitate identification of vaccine safety signals. We estimated background incidence rates of 11 adverse events of special interest related to COVID-19 vaccines in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective observational study using linked health administrative databases for hospitalizations and emergency department visits among Ontario residents. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.

Physiother Theory Pract 2022 May 6:1-11. Epub 2022 May 6.

Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3r), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA) and Institute of Biomedicine (IBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.

Background And Purpose: Several cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) associated with a COVID-19 infection have been recently reported. Rehabilitation might be a key player in the recovery of these highly complex patients however, results are yet unknown. This case report aimed to describe the effects of an inpatient rehabilitation program, with an interdisciplinary team approach, in a patient with GBS in the context of a COVID-19 infection. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2022 9;35(3):387-388. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

A 26-year-old previously healthy man presented with progressive facial diplegia and sensory deficits to pinprick in a stocking-glove distribution. Lumbar puncture revealed cytoalbuminologic dissociation, and a nerve conduction study of the right facial nerve demonstrated a proximal demyelinating process. He was started on intravenous immunoglobulin given concern for a Guillain-Barré syndrome variant, and his symptoms improved over several days. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.

Phys Ther 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Rehabilitation, C.R.R.F. "Mons. L. Novarese", Loc. Trompone, Moncrivello, Italy.

Objective: COVID-19 has been associated with neurological complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Several cases have been reported, but without functional outcome data after intensive rehabilitation and medium-term follow-up.

Methods: In this observational study, patients were admitted in 2019 and 2020 to inpatient rehabilitation for GBS and were examined using the Barthel index, GBS-Disability Scale, and Medical Research Scale-sum score at admission, discharge, and at least 6 months after onset of symptoms. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022 Apr 29. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, India.

Backgrounds: SARS-CoV-2 infection typically presents with fever and respiratory symptoms. Besides this, COVID-19 related central and peripheral nervous system manifestations are emerging.

Objectives: This study summarises the demographics, clinical profile, laboratory findings, management strategies, and outcomes in a large number of patients with COVID-19 related GBS and its variants. Read More

Rev Invest Clin 2022 May 3. Epub 2022 May 3.

Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Acta Neurol Belg 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Several neurologic complications have been reported in close temporal association with both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, several cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported in temporal relationship with COVID-19 vaccination, with two small case series describing a specific phenotype with bifacial weakness and paresthesia in the limbs.

Methods: We retrospectively collected patients who developed a new-onset neuromuscular disorder in the first 6 weeks after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine (either first or second dose). Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2022 14;16(2):155-159. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute ascending paralysis accompanied by autonomic symptoms like abdominal pain. Here, we presented a 13-year-old boy suffering from lower extremities pain and sensory disturbances with a presumptive diagnosis of GBS who experienced severe disease progression after receiving general anesthesia due to an appendectomy. Whether the progression was due to the natural history of GBS, immunosuppression induced by surgical stress, or usage of anesthetic medications remained unclear. Read More

Front Mol Biosci 2022 14;9:804109. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to huge concern worldwide. Some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may experience post-COVID-19 complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome, defined by symptoms including fever and elevated inflammatory markers (such as elevation of C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, procalcitonin test, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase or IL-6, presence of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased albumin, and multiple organ dysfunction). Post-COVID-19 complications may also manifest as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 26;14(3):e23517. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra, IRQ.

Recently, there has been increasing evidence among people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of being diagnosed with the typical acute post-infectious inflammatory polyneuroradiculopathy that was formerly known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and it is not uncommon that some of them develop chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuroradiculopathy (CIDP). However, there is still a large debate and controversy about the link between COVID-19 and polyneuropathy. As a result, a multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted in Basrah Governorate in the south of Iraq that included 2240 patients over a period of six months. Read More