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Eur J Radiol 2021 Jun 8;141:109815. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To explore radiological changes of the lacrimal gland (LG) in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) based on multi-parametric quantitative MRI and its clinical utility in LG diagnosis and activity in GO.

Methods: We enrolled 99 consecutive patients with GO (198 eyes) and 12 Graves' Disease (GD) patients (24 eyes) from July 2018 to June 2020. Clinical, laboratory, and MRI data were collected at the first visit. Read More

Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021 Aug;9(4):e00808

Calvary Mater Hospital Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia.

Trial data support an absence of an exposure-survival relationship for pembrolizumab. As these relationships remain unexamined in a real-world setting, we determined them in metastatic melanoma prospectively in an observational study. Translational objectives included identifying biomarkers of progressive disease (PD). Read More

Head Neck 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Background: The development of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) after radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for thyroid disease is poorly characterized. The current study is the largest reported cohort and assesses the disease characteristics of patients treated for PHPT with a history of RAI exposure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis comparing patients, with and without a history of RAI treatment, who underwent surgery for PHPT. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2021 22;2021:6669653. Epub 2021 May 22.

Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by thyroid antibodies and the following clinical manifestations: goiter, ophthalmopathy, and pretibial myxedema. On the other hand, Henoch-Schönlein purpura is an IgA-mediated small-vessel vasculitis. Review of the literature showed a relationship between propylthiouracil overdose and the following Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) as a side effect. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 27;12:674343. Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Background: Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by immune-mediated tissue damage, in which angiogenesis is a prominent pathogenic mechanism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis modulator, is significantly elevated in several ADs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We determined whether circulating VEGF levels were associated with ADs based on pooled evidence. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 28;12:651534. Epub 2021 May 28.

Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Zhejiang CDC), Hangzhou, China.

Background: Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in mainland China in 1996. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and its risk factors now require examination.

Methods: Data were acquired from a nationwide Thyroid, Iodine, and Diabetes Epidemiological survey (TIDE 2015-2017) of 78,470 subjects from 31 provinces. Read More

Intern Med 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Neurology, Oita University, Japan.

We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disorder (MOG-AD) presenting with corticomeningeal encephalitis. The patient exhibited oral ulceration, a mild impairment of consciousness, fever, nausea, nuchal rigidity, positivity for human leukocyte antigen type B51, and neutrophil-dominant pleocytosis and interleukin-6 level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a right temporal lesion with leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2021 Jun 14:1-6. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Otolaryngology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to establish the evidence behind the use of pre-operative calcium, vitamin D or both calcium and vitamin D to prevent post-operative hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Method: This review included prospective clinical trials on adult human patients that were published in English and which studied the effects of pre-operative supplementation with calcium, vitamin D or both calcium and vitamin D on the rate of post-operative hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy.

Results: Seven out of the nine trials included reported statistically significantly reduced rates of post-operative laboratory hypocalcaemia (absolute risk reduction, 13-59 per cent) and symptomatic hypocalcaemia (absolute reduction, 11-40 per cent) following pre-operative supplementation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jun 11;14(6). Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK

Hyperthyroidism represents a state of hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis, which predisposes an individual to the increased risk of thromboembolism. We present a case of a 25-year-old patient presenting with an acute myocardial infarction secondary to plaque rupture with thrombotic occlusion of proximal left anterior descending artery, in a patient known to have Graves' disease. She had a sudden ventricular fibrillation arrest and a precordial thump given and cardiopulmonary resuscitation started. Read More

Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021 Jun 8:111363. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea. Electronic address:

The roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipogenesis during Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are incompletely understood. Here, STAT3 expression in orbital tissues (from individuals with GO and healthy control subjects) was studied, and the role of STAT3 in GO pathogenesis was examined through small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing in primary orbital fibroblasts. STAT3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in GO orbital tissues than in non-GO tissues. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jun;100(23):e26273

Department of Pathology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.

Abstract: The association of nephropathy with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been reported previously. However, there is limited information on the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and nephropathy. A retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of 246 patients with nephropathy, 82 of whom had concurrent AITD. Read More

Thyroid 2021 Jun 11. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

AV7 Limited, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

Background We report therapeutic use of K1-70™, a TSH receptor (TSHR) antagonist monoclonal antibody, in a patient with follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods A 51-year old female patient who smoked, presented in October 2014 with FTC complicated by GD, high levels of TSHR autoantibodies with high thyroid stimulating (TSAb) activity and severe GO. K1-70™ was administered at 3-weekly intervals with the dose adjusted to block TSAb activity. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Metal Objects Conservator, Freelance, Florence, Italy.

Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.

Background: The occurrence of Graves' disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised concerns that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger thyroid autoimmunity. We aimed to address the current uncertainties regarding incident thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity among COVID-19 survivors.

Methods: We included consecutive adult COVID-19 patients without known thyroid disorders, who were admitted to Queen Mary Hospital from July 21 to September 21, 2020 and had serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (fT3), and anti-thyroid antibodies measured both on admission and at 3 months. Read More

Endocrine 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Division of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) advances to affect every part of the globe and remains a challenge to the human race. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was shown to affect many organs and organ systems including the thyroid gland as these parts highly express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which functions as a receptor for initially entering the virus into the cells. Furthermore, some categories of the population including older people and persons with comorbidities are prone to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 5. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To investigate the corneal endothelium damage in Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) and its role as a promising quantitative index to evaluate GO activity.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study included 128 eyes of 64 patients with GO. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 May 20;225:108746. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States; Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.

Introduction: Methamphetamine is a potent psychomotor stimulant, and methamphetamine abusers are up to three times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life. Prodromal PD may involve gut inflammation and the accumulation of toxic proteins that are transported from the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system to mediate, in part, the degeneration of dopaminergic projections. We hypothesized that self-administration of methamphetamine in rats produces a gut and brain profile that mirrors pre-motor and early-stage PD. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2021 May-Jun;7(3):192-194. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.

Objective: To describe new and unusual endocrinopathies in children with de novo 18q deletion (18q-) syndrome.

Methods: We describe 2 patients who have atypical thyroid conditions and 1 who also developed symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Results: The first patient developed hyperthyroidism at the age of 3 years, with a free thyroxine level of 3. Read More

Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Hyperthyroidism is a common disease mainly manifested by hyperexcitability of multiple systems and hypermetabolism. Currently, antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioiodine therapy (RIT), and surgery are mainly used in the clinical treatment for primary hyperthyroidism. We reported a case of a 28-year-old female who received a novel treatment for primary hyperthyroidism. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 5;21(1):251. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Isfahan Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: To present the very rare comorbidity of developing non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI) in two patients with histories of definite thyroid eye disease (TED).

Case Presentation: Both patients complained of new-onset progressive proptosis although their thyroid disease was controlled and computed tomography scan revealed an intraorbital inflammatory mass. The pathological assessment indicated that both patients had developed fibrosing NSOI. Read More

Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020 Oct-Dec;16(4):530-534

Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Background: Scintigraphy using 99mTc-pertechnetate (TS) is the diagnostic test to differentiate thyroiditis following Graves' disease (GD) from painless thyroiditis (PT). However, TS may be contraindicated or unavailable.

Objective: We compared the diagnostic effectiveness of two TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) immunoassays in untreated PT, already confirmed by qualitative and quantitative(99m) Tc-pertechnetate thyroid uptake (TCTU). Read More

Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2020 Oct-Dec;16(4):518-521

University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital - Endocrinology and Metabolism - Ankara, Turkey.

Evans syndrome is a rare combination of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia. Evans syndrome in cases of Graves' disease is extremely rare. The coexistence of these autoimmune diseases suggests that they may share a common pathogenic pathway. Read More

Vet World 2021 Apr 9;14(4):854-859. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.

Background And Aim: In modern scientific literature presents an understanding that African swine fever (ASF) ASF virus (ASFV) is remarkably stable in the environment, and carcasses of the pigs which were died after ASF, play a key role as ASFV reservoir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the ASFV (different isolates) survival in bodies of dead animals, bones, remnants of bone marrow, residual organ matrix in natural conditions.

Materials And Methods: Skeletons of ASFV infected pigs which were died and left/abandoned in forests or buried in Armenia at diverse time points and locations had been excavated and examined for the presence of ASFV genome by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and for infection abilities through (hemadsorption test and infection in porcine lung macrophages) as well as by intramuscular infection in healthy pigs. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2021 May 31;156:105409. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America. Electronic address:

Methamphetamine abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, it was found that methamphetamine increases mitochondrial oxidant stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons by releasing vesicular dopamine (DA) and stimulating mitochondrially-anchored monoamine oxidase (MAO). As mitochondrial oxidant stress is widely thought to be a driver of SNc degeneration in PD, these observations provide a potential explanation for the epidemiological linkage. Read More

Transl Behav Med 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Organized health promotion efforts sometimes compete with news media, social media, and other sources when providing recommendations for healthy behavior. In recent years, patients have faced a complicated information environment regarding aspirin use as a prevention tool for heart health. We explored the possibility that campaign promotion of low-dose aspirin use might have been undermined by news coverage in the USA detailing controversies regarding aspirin use. Read More

ISME J 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.

Graves' Disease is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease and has been linked in small pilot studies to taxonomic markers within the gut microbiome. Important limitations of this work include small sample sizes and low-resolution taxonomic markers. Accordingly, we studied 162 gut microbiomes of mild and severe Graves' disease (GD) patients and healthy controls. Read More

Gene 2021 Aug 30;793:145750. Epub 2021 May 30.

School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune disease manifesting with diffuse symmetric thyroid gland enlargement, pretibial myxedema, and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Recently, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been linked to various autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to GD and GO in the Southwest Chinese Han population. Read More

Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea.

Background: Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has an important role in regulating immune reactions by binding to programmed death 1 (PD-1) on immune cells, which could prevent the exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PD-L1 polymorphism with AITD, including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Methods: A total of 189 GD patients, 234 HT patients, and 846 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 31;13(6). Epub 2021 May 31.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 21;13(6). Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.

Celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) like Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) frequently coexist, entailing numerous potential impacts on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Possible correlations might exist through gut microbiota, regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses, promoting autoimmune diseases, as well as shared cytokines in pathogenesis pathways, cross-reacting antibodies or malabsorption of micronutrients that are essential for the thyroid like iron or vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding in patients with AITD, but might protect from autoimmunity by wielding immunoregulatory and tolerogenic impacts. Read More