Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Jun 21. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001.

Background: TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and its scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) have known associations with many autoimmune diseases. However, the role of the TWEAK axis in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in the pathogenesis of AITD. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2017 Apr-Jun;60(2):161-166

Department of Pathology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.

Context: The neural cell adhesion molecule CD56 is an antigen important for the differentiation of the follicular epithelium. Recent studies have reported low or absent expression of CD56 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its presence in normal thyroid tissue, benign thyroid lesions, and most follicular non-PTC tumors.

Aim: We wish to estimate the value of CD56 in the differentiation of PTC (including follicular variant-PTC [FV-PTC]) from other nontumoral lesions and follicular thyroid neoplasias. Read More

Trop Med Health 2017 16;45:18. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

WHO Office of the Representative for the South Pacific and Division of Pacific Technical Support, Suva, Fiji.

Background: Vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Jun 19;2017. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a well-known complication of hyperthyroidism, characterised by recurrent flaccid paralysis with hypokalaemia. To date, only five cases of this rare disorder have been reported in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report an additional case involving a 25-year-old Saudi man who presented with lower limb paralysis and severe hypokalaemia. Read More

Pattern Recognit 2009 Jun;42(6):1080-1092

Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, 3190 Graves Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most frequently occurring cancerous tumors in children. The current grading evaluations for patients with this disease require pathologists to identify certain morphological characteristics with microscopic examinations of tumor tissues. Thanks to the advent of modern digital scanners, it is now feasible to scan cross-section tissue specimens and acquire whole-slide digital images. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2017 Jun;72(6):318-322

Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie médicale, CHU de Liège, site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

Schizophrenia is a complex pathology. Its prevalence reaches almost 1 %. Its semiology can be diversified. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017 Jun 18:1-9. Epub 2017 Jun 18.

a Fetal Medicine Research Institute , King's College Hospital , London , UK.

Maternal autoantibodies can cross the placenta and cause fetal damage. This article summarizes the development and management of fetal thyroid goiter in response to maternal Graves' disease and/or its treatment with antithyroid medication, fetal heart block due to maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, fetal athrogryposis multiplex congenita in association with maternal myasthenia gravis and fetal brain hemorrhage due to maternal autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Jun 19. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

Medical Department, Al Adan Hospital, Kuwait.

In volume 85, issue 6 of "Clinical Endocrinology", Aggarwal, et al. published a study titled "Treatment of Hyperthyroidism With Antithyroid Drugs Corrects Mild Neutropenia in Graves' Disease". The authors treated Graves' disease (GD) with mild neutropenia using a thionamide anti-thyroid drug (ATD). Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2017 May-Aug;10(2):452-454. Epub 2017 May 23.

Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of death among females in the United States, due in part to challenges of diagnosis in the early stages of the disease. While efforts are underway to develop a high-quality screening test, it is equally important to consider whether high-risk populations are appropriate to screen. One such population may be females with hyperthyroidism, as epidemiologic studies have shown an association between this condition and OC. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 30;2017. Epub 2017 May 30.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QuebecCanada.

Lugol's solution is usually employed for a limited period for thyroidectomy preparation in patients with Graves' disease and for the control of severe thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. We describe a rare case of Lugol's solution-induced painless thyroiditis. In November 2014, a 59-year-old woman was prescribed Lugol's solution four drops per day for the alleviation of menopausal symptoms. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017 7;2017. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University 'G. d'Annunzio' of Chieti-Pescara, ChietiItaly.

Graves' disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism in iodine-replete countries, is associated with the presence of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) that are responsible for thyroid growth and hyperfunction. In this article, we report the unusual case of a patient with acromegaly and a severe form of Graves' disease. Here, we address the issue concerning the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in influencing thyroid function. Read More

Front Immunol 2017 31;8:603. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Graves' disease. Overall, more than 2. Read More

Trop Med Health 2017 9;45:17. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland Australia.

Background: There is very limited data available on the prevalence of Bancroftian filariasis in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Considerable attempts to eliminate the disease had occurred in the Pacific region by the year 2003, and the prevalence in FSM was thought to be sufficiently low that the region was considered non-endemic. However, a survey conducted in 2003 on an isolated atoll of FSM, Satawal Island, challenged that assumption. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2017 Feb 22;6(1):20-25. Epub 2016 Nov 22.

Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.

Objective: To undertake a review of the relevant English literature published on the pre-operative use of Lugol's iodine in the management of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.

Search Strategy: We reviewed all relevant papers found through Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and the American Thyroid Association website. Searches were limited to the English language only. Read More

Mult Scler 2017 Jun 1:1352458517713343. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA/Department of Neurology, Regional Pediatric MS Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Background: The role of diet in multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely uncharacterized, particularly as it pertains to pediatric-onset disease.

Objective: To determine the association between dietary factors and MS in children.

Methods: Pediatric MS patients and controls were recruited from 16 US centers (MS or clinically isolated syndrome onset before age 18, <4 years from symptom onset and at least 2 silent lesions on magnetic resonance imaging). Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jun;53(6):474-480

Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common complication of Graves' disease (GD). The clinical manifestations are mainly swelling and retracted eyelid, protopsis and limited eye movements, and optic neuropathy can be seen in severe cases. The mechanism of TAO is not yet clear. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jun;53(6):408-412

Chengdu huaxia Eye Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.

TAO is a common autoimmune orbital disease. 20% to 30% patients in active phase of moderate to severe TAO have no reponse to treatment or relapse after treatment, which become a difficult problem in clinical treatment. In this paper, the necessity of the treatment, etiology, treatment difficulties and treatment measures of TAO are discussed, in order to make great efforts to solve the clinical problems and to treat such patients. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jun;53(6):404-407

Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health Ministry, Shanghai 200031, China.

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the orbital tissue, hyaluronan deposition and tissue remodeling due to a skewed production of preadipocytic fibroblasts and increased adipogenesis in the late stage. Its progression is strongly related to the functional status of thyroid. So far, there is no consensus on staging, grading and treatment worldwide owning to the complexity of its clinical manifestations and therapies. Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2017 Jun 12. Epub 2017 Jun 12.

Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw.

Introduction: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the commonest extrathyroidal feature of Graves' disease. For active, moderate to severe GO intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy (ivGCS) is the first-line treatment, which might be followed by oral glucocorticoid therapy. Glucocorticoid treatment, especially in the time of withdrawal, carries a risk of adrenal insufficiency. Read More

Int J MS Care 2017 May-Jun;19(3):123-130

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurologic disorder that affects people with ever-changing needs. The MS health-care field has entered an era of exponential knowledge growth in which better understanding of the immunologic dysregulation of the disease has translated into an expanding array of treatment options. It is estimated that, if it has not already, within the next decade the demands of a growing MS patient population will outstrip the number of professionals dedicated to the management of this chronic, lifelong disease. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis 2017 Jun 9. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder lacking early biochemical diagnosis and treatment. Lipids have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including AD. A shotgun lipidomic approach was undertaken to determine if lipid biomarkers exist that can discriminate AD cases from controls. Read More

Clin Genet 2017 Jun 9. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

The Core Laboratory in Medicine Center of Clinical Research, Department of Endocrinology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.

Graves' disease (GD) is a complex autoimmune disorder in which genetic and environmental factors are both involved in the pathogenesis. Early-onset patients have a shorter exposure time to environmental factors and are, therefore, good models to help understand the genetic architecture of GD. Based on previous studies of early-onset GD, eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their related SNPs (R(2) > 0. Read More

Curr Hypertens Rep 2017 Jul;19(7):55

Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, B078 Graves Hall, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Brodsky et al. (Cardiovasc Pathol 25(6), 515-520, 2016) recently have reported that there was an unexpected and highly significant inverse correlation between body mass index (BMI) and atherosclerosis of the aortas of morbidly obese decedents (BMI >40 kg/m(2)). In a series of 304 decedents, 65 of whom were morbidly obese, minimal or no atherosclerosis was seen in 46 of them (70%) versus 20 (30%) who had severe atherosclerosis (P = 0. Read More

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017 Jul-Aug;55(4):416-422

Licenciatura en Psicología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, México.

Background: Hemophilia is a hemorrhagic disease characterized by the deficiency of either coagulation factor VIII or IX. It impacts negatively in people's quality of life and it causes side effects, such as depression. The objective was to describe and analyze the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depression levels in a group of 50 pediatric patients with hemophilia (PPwH) and their parents. Read More

Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2017 2;2017. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room # 5960, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.

Background: We aimed to determine the extent of post-treatment weight gain that occurs in pediatric patients in the first year following radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for Graves disease (GD) and its relationship to clinical characteristics.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients receiving RAI therapy for GD between 1998-2015 was performed. Change in BMI SDS (∆BMI SDS) from baseline to one year after treatment was determined. Read More

Can Vet J 2017 Jun;58(6):571-578

Department of Pathobiology (Kylie, Whiteman, Weese, Turner), Animal Health Laboratory (Brash, Slavic), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Elora, Ontario N0B 1S0 (Tapscott).

Infectious enterocolitis is a significant cause of mortality in meat rabbits. Disease risk is enhanced by intensive rearing practices and poor on-farm biosecurity. This investigation was undertaken in farmed meat rabbits during an Ontario-wide outbreak of enteritis with high mortality to determine the prevalence of causative agents. Read More

Biosci Rep 2017 Jun 6. Epub 2017 Jun 6.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China, Harbin, 150001, China

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of CTLA-4 exon-1 rs231775A>G and promoter region rs5742909C>T polymorphisms with the therapeutic efficacy of radionuclide (131)I in Graves' disease amongst the Chinese Han population. The (131)I radionuclide therapy was applied to 261 patients with Graves' disease. Based on therapeutic efficacy, the patients were assigned into the remission and the non-remission groups. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2017 Jul 3;24(7):622-624. Epub 2017 Jun 3.

Clinique universitaire de néonatologie, HCE CHU de Grenoble, CS10217, 38430 Grenoble cedex 09, France; Clinique universitaire de pédiatrie, HCE CHU de Grenoble, CS10217, 38430 Grenoble cedex 09, France.

Graves disease complicates two pregnancies out of 1000 and when it is known before pregnancy, it warrants careful monitoring of the fetus and the newborn. We report on a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism, which revealed a previously unknown maternal thyroid disease. In this situation, neonatal signs can be misinterpreted, delaying the diagnosis. Read More

Thyroid 2017 Jun 3. Epub 2017 Jun 3.

Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 21640, Division of Endocrinology, Torrance, California, United States ;

Background: The association between Graves' disease (GD) and thymic hyperplasia was first described in 1912 and has been reported numerous times thereafter. Thymic hyperplasia associated with GD presents as an incidental mediastinal mass on chest X- ray or Computerized tomography (CT). The pathogenesis of thymic hyperplasia in the setting of GD is unclear but seems to involve a complex interplay of hormonal and immunological mechanisms. Read More

Am Heart J 2017 Jun 24;188:93-98. Epub 2017 Feb 24.

Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT; Stanford University, Department of Internal Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Electronic address:

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at higher risk for developing dementia. Warfarin is a common therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism in AF, valve replacement, and thrombosis patients. The extent to which AF itself increases dementia risk remains unknown. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2017 Jun 2. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

D Zwanziger, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany

Objective: Thyroid hormone (TH) transporters are expressed in thyrocytes and most likely/putatively may play a role in TH-release. We asked whether expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and the L-type amino acid transporters LAT2 and LAT4 is changed with thyrocyte dedifferentiation and in hyperfunctioning thyroid tissues.

Design And Methods: Protein expression and localization of transporters was determined by immunohistochemistry in human thyroid specimen including normal thyroid tissue (NT, n=19), follicular adenoma (FA, n=44), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC, n=45), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n=40), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n=40) and Graves' disease (GD, n=50) by calculating the 'hybrid' (H) score. Read More

Clin Med (Lond) 2017 Jun;17(3):274-277

King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London

Graves' disease (GD) and toxic nodular (TN) goitre account for most cases of thyrotoxicosis associated with hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is confirmed with measurement of a suppressed serum thyrotropin concentration (TSH) and elevated free thyroid hormones. The three therapeutic options are antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and surgery. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Apr 1;11(4):SD01-SD02. Epub 2017 Apr 1.

Paediatric Consultant, Department of Paediatrics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Neonatal hyperthyroidism is a rare disease that is seen in infants born to mothers with Graves' disease. Hepatic manifestation of neonatal hyperthyroidism is extremely rare. We describe a neonate with fulminant liver failure secondary to neonatal hyperthyroidism caused by maternal Graves's disease. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2017 May 31. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be associated with Graves' disease (GD). In this study, we evaluated four serum Treg-associated miRNAs (miR-210, miR-182, miR-155, and miR-146a) expressions and assessed the potential of serum miRNAs as biomarkers of GD.

Methods: Foxp3 and serum miRNAs expressions both in GD patients and healthy controls were measured by RT-PCR. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2017 May 31. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.

Objectives: This study was designed to unveil the association of GPR174 rs3827440, PTPN22 rs3789604, and RNASET2 rs9355610 with the onset of liver damage (LD) among the Graves' disease (GD) patients.

Methods: A total of 120 GD patients were divided into the none-LD and LD groups. Several indicators were detected for assessing liver functions, and genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Read More

Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017 Jun 24;51(2):169-177. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine/Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea 700-721.

Purpose: Although Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the most common disease causing xerostomia, autoimmune thyroid diseases can also affect the salivary glands. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases (TD) in subjects with symptoms of xerostomia and evaluate the efficacy of salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) in the detection of TD in patients with SS and without SS.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the SGS findings of 173 subjects (men:women, 29:144) with symptoms of xerostomia. Read More

Rev Neurol 2017 Jun;64(11):496-501

Hospital Nacional de Pediatria J. P. Garrahan, 1818 Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Aim: To describe a series of patients with drug resistant epilepsy treated with vagus nerve stimulation in a national pediatric hospital, evaluating efficacy, safety and tolerability.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 158 pediatric patients with epilepsy resistant to pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment including surgery that were treated with vagus nerve stimulation between 2001-2015. Patients with progressive encephalopathies, and congenital heart disease were excluded. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2017 ;3(2):e134-e139

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.

Objective: An asymptomatic male was found on screening to have a low serum TSH and total T4. The diagnosis of Graves' disease was made with positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) and elevated free T4 in the presence of complete TBG deficiency (TBG-CD). Genetic testing of the patient and family members revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the TBG (SERPINA7) gene resulting in a complete deficiency of the protein. Read More

J Urol 2017 May 25. Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN.

Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based screening for prostate cancer has had a significant impact on the epidemiology of the disease. Its use has been associated with a significant reduction in prostate cancer mortality, but has also resulted in the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent prostate cancer, exposing many men to the harms of treatment without benefit. The U. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2017 May 25. Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Mackay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017 May 26:1-7. Epub 2017 May 26.

a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical implications of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) in Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

Methods: Sera from 52 GO patients, 23 Graves' disease (GD) patients, and 20 healthy controls, and orbital fat tissue samples from 12 of 52 GO patients and 8 control subjects were included for analysis. Concentrations of CYR61 were measured from sera with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CYR61 mRNA expression levels were evaluated from orbital fat tissue with polymerase chain reaction. Read More

Endocrine 2017 Jul 25;57(1):125-137. Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.

Purpose: It has been increasingly suggested that specific microRNAs expression profiles in the circulation and atrial tissue are associated with the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. Nonetheless, the role of circulating microRNAs in Graves' disease patients with atrial fibrillation has not yet been well described. The objective of the study was to identify the role of circulating microRNAs as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of Graves' disease with atrial fibrillation. Read More

Hum Pathol 2017 May 22. Epub 2017 May 22.

Department of Histopathology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address:

FoxA1 regulates a variety of tissues during embryogenesis and early life. In thyroid, FoxA1 expression has recently been shown in C cells and medullary thyroid carcinomas but not in follicular cells. FoxA1 has also been proposed as potential oncogene in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2017 Apr-Jun;12(2):183-186

Private Practice, Retina Group of Washington, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.

Purpose: To assess choroidal perfusion before and after orbital decompression surgery in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Methods: In this interventional case series, surgical decompression for optic nerve compromise was performed on four eyes of three patients with Graves' disease. Complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, color vision, and intraocular pressure assessment were done pre- and postoperatively. Read More

Thyroid 2017 Jun 21. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

1 Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan .

Background: The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway is a novel therapeutic target in immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. It consists of the PD-1 receptor and its two ligands, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2). Nivolumab is an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody approved for malignant melanoma, advanced non-small cell lung cancer, and advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japan. Read More

Front Immunol 2017 9;8:521. Epub 2017 May 9.

Internal Medicine (Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common representatives. Thyroid autoantibodies are not only frequently detected in patients with AITD but also in subjects without manifest thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence raises questions regarding a potential role in extra-thyroidal diseases. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017 21;26:163. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-faciale, Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismaïl, Meknès, Maroc.

Int J Endocrinol 2017 25;2017:3813540. Epub 2017 Apr 25.

Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.

Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide. Current therapeutic options for GD include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. ATD treatment is generally well accepted by patients and clinicians due to some advantages including normalizing thyroid function in a short time, hardly causing hypothyroidism, and ameliorating immune disorder while avoiding radiation exposure and invasive procedures. Read More

Rev Neurol 2017 May;64(s03):S29-S33

Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Espana.

Newborn infants are a population which is especially susceptible to viral infections that frequently affect the central nervous system. Herpes infections can be transmitted to the foetus and to the newborn infant, and give rise to severe clinical conditions with long-term sensory and cognitive deficits. Two thirds of newborn infants with encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus and half of the children with symptomatic congenital infection by cytomegalovirus develop sequelae, which results in high community health costs in the long term. Read More

BMC Med Genet 2017 May 18;18(1):56. Epub 2017 May 18.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.

Background: The etiology of the Graves' disease (GD) is largely unknown. However, genetic factors are believed to play a major role. A recent genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese sample collection revealed two new Graves' disease (GD) risk loci within chromosome band 4p14 and 6q27. Read More