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    Histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases in Zaria: A 10-year review.
    Niger Postgrad Med J 2018 Jan-Mar;25(1):37-42
    Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
    Context: Majority of the previous studies on thyroid diseases in Northern Nigeria focussed mainly on neoplastic lesions. The non-neoplastic lesions are more common and constitute more public health burdens.

    Aim: To determine the histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases in our region and compare our findings with similar studies in Nigeria and elsewhere. Read More
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    Measurement properties of ThyPRO short-form (ThyPRO-39) for use in Chinese patients with benign thyroid diseases.
    Qual Life Res 2018 Apr 18. Epub 2018 Apr 18.
    Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
    Purpose: To evaluate the validity and reliability of a newly-translated Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome short-form (ThyPRO-39) instrument for ethnic-Chinese patients suffering from benign thyroid diseases.

    Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the English ThyPRO-39 were performed using the double forward translation, reconciliation, single backward translation, and cognitive debriefing, followed by a panel review. Cross-sectional data of 308 patients with benign thyroid diseases were utilized for this psychometric evaluation of ThyPRO-39 instrument. Read More
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    Management of Patients with Graves' Disease and Orbital Involvement: Role of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.
    J Immunol Res 2018 18;2018:1454616. Epub 2018 Feb 18.
    Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
    Purpose: To investigate the role of choroidal thickness evaluation with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique in the management of patients with Graves' disease and orbitopathy (GO).

    Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 18 patients with GO and 36 eyes of 18 age-matched control subjects were included in this retrospective observational study. All the subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including clinical activity score (CAS) and exophthalmometry. Read More
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    [Atypical subacute thyroiditis in combination with Grave's disease:Diagnostic difficulties in a case report].
    Lakartidningen 2018 Apr 13;115. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
    Skanes universitetssjukhus Malmo - Department of Endocrinology Malmo, Sweden Skanes universitetssjukhus Malmo - Department of Endocrinology Malmo, Sweden.
    Subacute thyroiditis is a common inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland, possibly of viral etiology, that typically presents with neck pain, fever and tenderness on palpation of the thyroid gland. Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder caused by stimulation of the thyroid gland by thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb). The development of Graves´ disease and subacute thyroiditis simultaneously is an uncommon condition and only a few cases have been reported. Read More
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    Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging in Differentiation Between Graves' Disease and Painless Thyroiditis.
    Pol J Radiol 2017 15;82:536-541. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
    Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
    Background: To assess the role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiation between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis.

    Material/methods: A prospective study was conducted among 37 consecutive patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis (25 female and 12 male; mean age of 44 years) and 15 ageand sex-matched controls. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the thyroid gland was performed in patients and controls. Read More
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    Myeloid related proteins are up-regulated in autoimmune thyroid diseases and activate toll-like receptor 4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro.
    Int Immunopharmacol 2018 Apr 12;59:217-226. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
    Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China. Electronic address:
    Purpose: Myeloid-related protein (MRP) family plays an important role in the promotion of cell proliferation and the production of inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the expression of MRP6, MRP8 and MRP14 in thyroid tissues, serum, and peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD).

    Method: The expression of MRP6, MRP8, and MRP14 was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the thyroid glands of 7 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 8 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and 7 healthy controls (HC). Read More
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    Early infectious exposures are not associated with increased risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.
    Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Mar 26;22:103-107. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
    Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
    Objective: We sought to determine if early infectious exposures such as daycare, early use of antibiotics, vaccinations and other germ exposures including pacifier use and playing on grass are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) risk in children.

    Methods: This was a case-control study of children with MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and healthy controls enrolled at sixteen clinics participating in the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers. Parents completed a comprehensive environmental questionnaire that captured early infectious exposures, habits, and illnesses in the first five years of life. Read More
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    Low-Dose Rituximab for Active Moderate-to-Severe Graves' Orbitopathy Resistant to Conventional Treatment.
    Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Apr 13:1-7. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
    d Department of Internal Medicine , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Antoine , Paris Cedex 12 , France.
    Purpose: To report low-dose rituximab effect in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) resistant to conventional treatment.

    Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records, filled in according to the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) standards, of patients with active moderate-to-severe GO who received low-dose rituximab after failure of conventional treatment. Efficacy was defined by a decrease of the clinical activity score of 2 points or <4/10. Read More
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    Functional Polymorphisms of the Type 1 and Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Genes in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases.
    Immunol Invest 2018 Apr 12:1-9. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
    a Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka , Japan.
    Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD) are major autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), and their pathological conditions vary among patients. Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1) and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) convert from thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3). However, few findings have been described concerning the association between polymorphisms in D1 and D2 genes and AITD. Read More
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    Proteomic analysis defines kinase taxonomies specific for subtypes of breast cancer.
    Oncotarget 2018 Mar 29;9(21):15480-15497. Epub 2018 Jan 29.
    Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
    Multiplexed small molecule inhibitors covalently bound to Sepharose beads (MIBs) were used to capture functional kinases in luminal, HER2-enriched and triple negative (basal-like and claudin-low) breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Kinase MIB-binding profiles at baseline without perturbation proteomically distinguished the four breast cancer subtypes. Understudied kinases, whose disease associations and pharmacology are generally unexplored, were highly represented in MIB-binding taxonomies and are integrated into signaling subnetworks with kinases that have been previously well characterized in breast cancer. Read More
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    Metabolic Bone Superscan in Carcinoma Breast with Occult Graves' Disease: Looking Beyond Skeletal Metastases.
    Indian J Nucl Med 2018 Apr-Jun;33(2):145-147
    Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
    Extrathyroidal manifestations of autoimmune thyroid disorders include thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, thyroid dermopathy, and thyroid acropachy. Thyroid acropachy is an extreme manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by clubbing and swelling of fingers and toes, with or without periosteal reaction of the distal bones. We present a 50-year-old woman, posttreatment for carcinoma breast (6 years back) and referred for bone scan for generalized body ache. Read More
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    Protozoal coinfection in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in the eastern United States.
    J Vet Intern Med 2018 Apr 10. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
    Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.
    Background: Infection by 2 or more protozoa is linked with increased severity of disease in marine mammals with protozoan encephalitis.

    Hypothesis/objectives: To assess whether horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona also have evidence of infection with Neospora hughesi or Toxoplasma gondii. We hypothesized that horses with EPM would be more likely than horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) to be positive for antibodies to multiple protozoan parasites. Read More
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    Treatment choice, satisfaction and quality of life in patients with Graves' disease.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018 Apr 6. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
    University of Auckland.
    Thyrotoxicosis, most often caused by Graves' disease (GD), when treated inadequately may result in premature mortality. There is little consensus as to which of the three treatment options available - antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) and surgery, is better.

    Aims: 1. Read More
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    Type 2 Diabetes Decompensation as the Clinical Presentation of Thyroid Storm - Cause or Consequence?
    Eur Endocrinol 2017 Aug 22;13(2):99-101. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
    Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.
    This case study aims to discuss the unusual forms of hyperthyroidism presentation, the nonspecific symptoms and precipitating events. A 70-year-old male was taken to the emergency department for hyperglycaemia, nausea, vomiting and altered mental status with a week of evolution. He had a past medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Read More
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    The value of shear wave elastography in diffuse thyroid disease.
    Clin Imaging 2018 Mar 29;49:187-192. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
    Department of Ultrasonography, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, China.
    Purpose: The aim of this study is to discuss the value of ultrasound-based shear wave™ elastography (SWE) in diffuse thyroid disease (DTD).

    Method: Thyroid stiffness in 154 patients with DTD and 30 normal subjects was measured by SWE. The serum indicators of all subjects were detected. Read More
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    POSITIVE THYROTROPIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSIENT THYROTOXICOSIS.
    Endocr Pract 2018 Apr 6. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
    From: 1The Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    Objective: Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) testing is considered accurate for the diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), and had been identified rarely in thyrotoxic patients without GD. We describe four patients with transient thyrotoxicosis and positive TRAb to highlight this clinical possibility.

    Methods: Patient demographics, symptoms, laboratory findings, and time to resolution of thyrotoxicosis are summarized. Read More
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    Q fever: A rural disease with potential urban consequences
    Aust J Gen Pract 2018 03;47(3):5555
    BSc(Hons), MBBS, PhD, FRCPA, FASM, FACTM, Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Vic; NSW Health Pathology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW.
    Background: Q fever often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness. Cases occur throughout Australia, with higher rates occurring in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland.

    Objective: This article aims to provide clinicians with an overview of Q fever, and covers epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, sequelae, management and prevention. Read More
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    Prediction of response to medical therapy by serum soluble (pro)renin receptor levels in Graves' disease.
    PLoS One 2018 5;13(4):e0195464. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
    Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Antithyroid drugs are generally selected as the first-line treatment for Graves' Disease (GD); however, the existence of patients showing resistance or severe side effects to these drugs is an important issue to be solved. The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a multi-functional protein that activates the tissue renin-angiotensin system and is an essential constituent of vacuolar H+-ATPase, necessary for the autophagy-lysosome pathway. (P)RR is cleaved to soluble (s)(P)RR, which reflects the status of (P)RR expression. Read More
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    Original endoscopic orbital decompression of lateral wall through hairline approach for Graves' ophthalmopathy: an innovation of balanced orbital decompression.
    Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018 26;14:607-616. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
    Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
    Background: Orbital decompression is an important surgical procedure for treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), especially in women. It is reasonable for balanced orbital decompression of the lateral and medial wall. Various surgical approaches, including endoscopic transnasal surgery for medial wall and eye-side skin incision surgery for lateral wall, are being used nowadays, but many of them lack the validity, safety, or cosmetic effect. Read More
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    Key gene co-expression modules and functional pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018 Mar 31. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
    Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China. Electronic address:
    Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by positive thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody. To better understand its molecular pathogenesis, we adopted the weighted gene co-expression network analysis to reveal co-expression modules of key genes involved in the pathogenesis of GD, protein-protein interaction network analysis to identify the hub genes related to GD development and functional analyses to explore their possible functions. Our results showed that 1) a total of 2667 differentially expressed genes in our microarray study and 16 different gene co-expression modules were associated with GD, and 2) the most significant module was associated with the percentage of macrophages, T follicular helper cells and CD4 memory T cells and mainly enriched in immune regulation and immune response. Read More
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    Dosimetry-based treatment for Graves' disease.
    Nucl Med Commun 2018 Apr 2. Epub 2018 Apr 2.
    Department of Physics.
    Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term outcome of a personalized dosimetry approach in Graves' disease aiming to render patients euthyroid from a planned thyroid absorbed dose of 60 Gy.

    Patients And Methods: A total of 284 patients with Graves' disease were followed prospectively following administration of radioiodine calculated to deliver an absorbed dose of 60 Gy. Patients with cardiac disease were excluded. Read More
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    Prediction of Neonatal Hyperthyroidism.
    J Pediatr 2018 Mar 28. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine (HUPNVS), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital. Department Risks and Pregnancy (DHU) Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm U1141. Paris, France.
    Objectives: To assess whether it is possible to identify the neonatal predictors of neonatal hyperthyroidism at the presymptomatic stage of the disease.

    Study Design: This retrospective multicenter study in 10 maternity units was based on the medical records of all patients monitored for a pregnancy between January 1, 2007, and January 1, 2014. Among 280 000 births, 2288 medical records of women with thyroid dysfunction were selected and screened. Read More
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    Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for the Treatment of Graves' Orbitopathy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Pharmacotherapy 2018 Mar 30. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
    Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
    Study Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO).

    Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials.

    Patients: A total of 293 patients with GO who received rituximab or control (either glucocorticoids, the established first-line therapy [three trials], or saline [one trial]). Read More
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    Prevalence of Radiological Signs of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy in Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Active, Moderate-to-Severe, and Very Severe Graves Orbitopathy.
    Eur Thyroid J 2018 Mar 15;7(2):88-94. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
    Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Background: Differentiating between dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), which requires urgent therapy to prevent blindness, and moderate-to-severe Graves orbitopathy (GO) remains challenging. There is no pathognomonic feature of DON in either ophthalmological or radiological examinations.

    Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of radiological signs of DON in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with moderate-to-severe and very severe GO. Read More
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    2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines for the Management of Amiodarone-Associated Thyroid Dysfunction.
    Eur Thyroid J 2018 Mar 14;7(2):55-66. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
    Physicians' Clinic, London, United Kingdom.
    Treatment with amiodarone is associated with changes in thyroid function tests, but also with thyroid dysfunction (amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, AIH, and amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, AIT). Both AIH and AIT may develop in apparently normal thyroid glands or in the presence of underlying thyroid abnormalities. AIH does not require amiodarone withdrawal, and is treated with levothyroxine replacement if overt, whereas subclinical forms may be followed without treatment. Read More
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    Occurrence of Graves' Orbitopathy and Graves' Hyperthyroidism after a Trauma to the Eye.
    Eur Thyroid J 2018 Jan 22;7(1):51-54. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
    Background: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is believed to be the consequence of autoimmunity against antigens that are present both in the thyroid and orbital tissues. Massive release of thyroid antigens causes the appearance or deterioration of GO in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH), as it occurs following radioiodine treatment. In theory, a similar release of autoantigens may occur at the eye level, for example due to an orbital trauma or surgical manipulation. Read More
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    Vitamin D in Graves Disease: Levels, Correlation with Laboratory and Clinical Parameters, and Genetics.
    Eur Thyroid J 2018 Jan 21;7(1):27-33. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
    Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Objective: The aim was to compare the vitamin D levels in patients with Graves disease (GD) with the general population and to correlate the vitamin D levels with laboratory and clinical parameters in GD. Moreover, we examined the genetic variation in genes involved in the vitamin D metabolism and their association with GD.

    Methods: The levels of vitamin D were compared in 292 patients with newly diagnosed GD and 2,305 controls. Read More
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    Graves Disease in Central Ghana: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Factors.
    Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2018 21;11:1179551418759076. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
    Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
    Background: Graves disease (GD) has increased in prevalence over the past decade in Africa. Despite this, the condition is not well described, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Objective: We have described the clinical characteristics and associated factors of GD in a cohort of patients attending a resource-limited setting tertiary hospital. Read More
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    [Influence of glucocorticoid therapy on intratherapeutic biodistribution of 131I radioiodine therapy in Graves' disease].
    Nuklearmedizin 2018 Apr 28;57(2):43-49. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
    Aim: Radioiodine therapy (RIT) is an important therapeutic method in the definitive treatment of Graves' disease (GD). However, RIT may trigger development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) or exacerbate a pre-existing GO. Therefore, the procedure recommendation of the DGN (German Society of Nuclear Medicine) for RIT of benign thyroid diseases recommends an additional glucocorticoid therapy for patients with pre-existing GO. Read More
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    Evaluation and Management of the Child with Thyrotoxicosis.
    Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov 2018 Mar 26. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
    Departments of Medicine, Community Health Sciences, and Oncology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. Canada.
    Background: Uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis, especially in early infancy, may cause irreversible damage to the central nervous system as well as profound effects on the function of many organs. Thyrotoxicosis has multiple etiologies and treatment depends on the underlying etiology. An accurate diagnosis is essential so that appropriate treatment can be initiated without undue delay. Read More
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    Thyrotoxic crisis as an acute clinical presentation in a child.
    BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 23;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
    Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Leicester Foundation Trust, Leicester, UK.
    A previously well, 4-year-old girl presented with a 4-6 weeks' history of increased appetite, weight loss, tiredness, sleep difficulty, excessive sweating, swelling in the neck and new-onset 'prominent, protruding eyes.' Family history revealed paternal grandmother receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism. Clinical assessment demonstrated features of thyrotoxicosis (tachycardia, warm peripheries, small smooth goitre with no nodules, exophthalmos). Read More
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    Central congenital hypothyroidism caused by maternal thyrotoxicosis.
    BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 22;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
    Department of Pediatrics, Haga Hospital/Juliana Children's Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.
    Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a rare and underdiagnosed disease that sometimes is caused by maternal Graves' disease. We report a case of CCH caused by undiagnosed, initially antibody-negative maternal thyrotoxicosis with possible disruption of fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis maturation. In CCH, maternal thyroid disease should be considered. Read More
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    Effect of Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in a Miniature Swine Model: A Pilot Study.
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Mar 1. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    Clinical Professor, Section of Oral, Diagnosis and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.
    Purpose: The increasing prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome (O/MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health concern. Clinically relevant and practical translational models mimicking human characteristics of these conditions are lacking. This study aimed to demonstrate proof of concept of the induction of stable O/MS and type 2 DM in a Göttingen minipig model and validate both of these disease-adjusted Göttingen minipig models as impaired healing models for the testing of dental implants. Read More
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    Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of extraocular muscles in patients with Grave's ophthalmopathy using turbo field echo with diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation.
    Diagn Interv Imaging 2018 Mar 20. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
    Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to correlate diffusivity of extraocular muscles, measured by three-dimensional turbo field echo (3DTFE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using diffusion-sensitized driven-equilibrium preparation, with their size and activity in patients with Grave's ophthalmopathy.

    Materials And Methods: Twenty-three patients with Grave's ophthalmopathy were included. There were 17 women and 6 men with a mean age of 55. Read More
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    Prevalence of salivary human herpesviruses in pediatric multiple sclerosis cases and controls.
    Mult Scler 2018 Mar 1:1352458518765654. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
    National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease of unknown origin. The current paradigm is that disease develops in genetically susceptible individuals, influenced by environmental factors. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) have particularly strong associations with the disease. Read More
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    Anaemia and thyrotoxicosis: The need to look for an alternative cause.
    Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018 Mar 22. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
    Department of Endocrinology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
    Objectives: Anaemia and thyrotoxicosis are both relatively common. It is unclear whether thyrotoxicosis results in anaemia in the absence of other causes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of anaemia in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Read More
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    Epidemiological and clinical aspects of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children with Down's syndrome.
    Ital J Pediatr 2018 Mar 21;44(1):39. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
    Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124, Messina, Italy.
    Aim of this commentary is to report the main peculiarities that have been found to characterize the phenotypic expression of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) in children with Down's syndrome (DS). According to recent reports, DS children are, per se, more exposed to the risk of both Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), irrespective of other concomitant risk factors, such as female gender and family antecedents for AITDs. In the context of extra-thyroidal autoimmune disorders, the ones that preferentially aggregate with AITDs in DS children are alopecia areata and vitiligo. Read More
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    Post partum and non-post partum relapsing Graves' hyperthyroidism display different response to anti-thyroid drugs.
    Eur J Endocrinol 2018 Mar 20. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
    L Chiovato, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
    Design: Graves' disease (GD) patients in remission after a full course of methimazole (MMI) therapy are at risk for a relapse of hyperthyroidism during the post-partum (PP) period, but whether this relapse may display any peculiarity is still unknown. Aim of this study was to compare GD patients undergoing a relapse of hyperthyroidism either in the PP period or not.

    Methods: We retrospectively evaluated fourty-three GD female patients in their childbearing age who experienced a relapse of hyperthyroidism. Read More
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    Prevalence of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma as well as Associated Factors in Graves' Orbitopathy.
    J Glaucoma 2018 Mar 19. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
    Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    Purpose: To determine the prevalence of ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in patients with GO and to investigate the associations between clinical features of the disease and the prevalence of OHT and OAG.

    Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among a total of 1128 patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). A complete ophthalmic examination was performed, including intraocular pressure, optic disc photography, visual field testing using a Humphrey visual field analyzer, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Read More
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    Severe Hyperthyroidism Complicated by Agranulocytosis Treated with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
    Case Rep Endocrinol 2018 10;2018:4135940. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
    Aim: To present a case of Graves' disease complicated by methimazole induced agranulocytosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and review of the literature.

    Case Presentation: A 21-year-old patient with a history of Graves' disease presented to the endocrine clinic. His history was significant for heat intolerance, weight loss, and tremors. Read More
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    Mycobiota associated with insect galleries in walnut with thousand cankers disease reveals a potential natural enemy against Geosmithia morbida.
    Fungal Biol 2018 Apr 15;122(4):241-253. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
    University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
    Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) affects Juglans and Pterocarya species. This disease poses not only a major threat to the nut and timber industries but also to native stands of walnut trees. Galleries created by Pityophthorus juglandis (vector) are colonized by the fungus Geosmithia morbida (causal agent of necrosis). Read More
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    Thyrotropic hormones.
    Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Jan 26;32(1):17-25. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
    Neonatal Unit, Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address:
    Thyroid hormones are crucial for normal cognition and neurodevelopment in children. The introduction of the screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism has decreased the incidence of untreated congenital hypothyroidism. As maternal thyroid disease is common, and may impact on thyroid gland development and function in the fetus, optimal management is crucial. Read More
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    The mutual cooperation of blood platelets and lymphocytes in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
    Acta Biochim Pol 2018 15;65(1):17-24. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
    Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
    Autoimmune thyroid diseases include several distinct clinical entities, mainly Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. An incompetent immune response directed against the body's own tissues, and the production of antibodies against specific cell antigens accompanied by chronic inflammation, all occur in autoimmune thyroid diseases. The autoimmune process is induced by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to identify and generates the development of concomitant diseases in other systems. Read More
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    Serum Trace Elements Profile in Graves' Disease Patients with or without Orbitopathy in Northeast China.
    Biomed Res Int 2018 10;2018:3029379. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
    Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, China.
    Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate serum trace elements in Graves' disease (GD) patients with or without orbitopathy in Northeast China.

    Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed Graves' disease (HyGD) ( = 66), GD patients with euthyroid status or subclinical thyroidism after treatment (EUGD) ( = 55), GO patients with euthyroid status or subclinical thyroidism after treatment (GO) ( = 57), and normal controls (NC) ( = 66) were enrolled in this study. Serum trace elements were measured with ICP-MS. Read More
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    Changes of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Expressions in Thyroid Glands of Patients with Different Thyroid Pathologies.
    Biomed Res Int 2018 6;2018:1316390. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
    Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego St. 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland.
    Purpose: Our aim was to analyze NAMPT expression in thyroid tissue derived from patients with Graves' disease with (GD) and without (GO) orbitopathy, patients with toxic nodular goiters (TNG) and thyroid cancers (TC), and healthy controls.

    Methods: 153 thyroid tissue samples of consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy were collected. Previous therapy with steroids was an exclusion criterion. Read More
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    Enhanced visualization of parathyroid glands during video-assisted neck surgery.
    Langenbecks Arch Surg 2018 Mar 13. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
    Klinik für Chirurgie und Zentrum für Minimal Invasive Chirurgie, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Henricistrasse 92, 45136, Essen, Germany.
    Purpose: Visualization and precise dissection of the parathyroid glands are a crucial step of thyroidectomy. Moreover, identification of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism can be challenging due to the possible abnormal location of the enlarged parathyroid. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) can be adopted during video-assisted neck surgery in addition to standard endoscopic magnification to enhance the visualization of the parathyroid tissue. Read More
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    Clinical diagnosis of Graves' or non-Graves' hyperthyroidism compared to TSH receptor antibody test.
    Endocr Connect 2018 Apr 12;7(4):504-510. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
    Faculty of BiologyMedicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
    Background: TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for the autoimmunity of Graves' disease (GD), which is commonly diagnosed clinically.

    Aim: To evaluate the true positive (sensitivity) and true negative (specificity) rates of clinical diagnosis of GD or non-GD hyperthyroidism compared to the TRAb test.

    Setting: University teaching hospital in North West England. Read More
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    Association of CTLA-4 +49 A/G and CT60 Gene Polymorphism with Graves' Disease.
    Egypt J Immunol 2017 Jun;24(2):63-70
    Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
    Graves' disease (GD) is an organ specific autoimmune disease of thyroid gland with genetic and environmental causes. One of genetic factors that have been implicated in the development of this disease is CTLA-4 gene polymorphism. This study aimed to investigate the association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms at position +49A/G, and CT60 with susceptibility to Graves' disease in Saudi patients. Read More
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    Relevance of 25 (OH) Vitamin D deficiency on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.
    Egypt J Immunol 2017 Jun;24(2):53-62
    Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
    An association between low levels of vitamin D and Hashimoto's thyroiditis was suggested. This study aimed to determine the status of 25 (OH) vitamin D in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A case-control study was designed, a Hashimoto's thyroiditis patient group (n=30) and two control groups including Graves' disease (30) and a healthy control group (20). Read More
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