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Indian Dermatol Online J 2019 Jan-Feb;10(1):45-49

Department of Dermatology, Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Kambipura, Mysore Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Background: Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disorder which is characterized by non-scarring hair loss. Vitamin D plays an important role in immune regulation, cell growth, differentiation, and maintenance of hair cycle.

Aims And Objectives: (1) To evaluate serum vitamin D levels in alopecia areata. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Dermatology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Dermatol Online J 2018 Aug 15;24(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory skin disease potentially related to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the dermis. Generalized granuloma annulare (GGA) manifests as diffuse skin-colored to erythematous annular or nummular plaques affecting at least the trunk and either upper or lower extremities, or both. GGA is resistant to many therapeutic modalities, making it difficult to treat. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Aug 15;24(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, self-limited skin disease of unknown etiology characterized by annular, flesh-colored to erythematous grouped papules or plaques. Lesions of GA are typically located on the lateral or dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet, arms, thighs, and trunk. We present the case of a patient with GA who presented with erythematous, annular plaques localized to the bilateral inguinal folds, mimicking tinea cruris. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Oct 15;24(10). Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.

Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy (CMI) is a rare dermatologic condition, first reported in 1980 and currently classified within the complex group of papular mucinoses. We report a case of CMI and review the prior 13 cases in the literature. The patient was a 5-year-old girl who presented with asymptomatic dermal papules and plaques on her leg and back with no overlying color change. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: Granuloma annulare (GA), a benign inflammatory skin disease, is considered a Th1-type delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Localized GA is likely to resolve spontaneously, whereas disseminated GA (DGA) may persist for decades and can be resistant to treatment. Biologics including TNF-α inhibitors have been proposed and utilized as salvage therapy for GA and other related diseases, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD), and actinic granuloma (AG). Read More

Br J Dermatol 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign cutaneous disease. Clinical variants include classic, generalized, perforating, subcutaneous and patch type GA. Patch GA shows a distinct clinical presentation of smooth erythematous to brownish macules surfacing on the extremities and trunk with no evidence of papules or induration. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.

We report the case of an 80-year-old man with generalized granuloma annulare (GGA) who subsequently developed giant cell arteritis (GCA). Steroid treatment was effective for both diseases in this case. Although cases of concomitant GGA and GCA have rarely been reported, previous studies suggest that common histological characteristics underlie the two diseases. Read More

Rheumatol Int 2019 Feb 7;39(2):353-357. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Clinic, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is the most common non-infectious disease. Despite the fact that it is a benign disease, it can be associated with a variety of disorders and certain drugs including biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). A 50-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis refractory to methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and infliximab was treated with tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, 162 mg subcutaneously every week. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2018 Dec;14(Supplement):S1247-S1248

Department of Pathology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, ş.

Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Mar 14;13:9-12. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.

Purpose: Granuloma annulare (GA) is a rare clinical entity that does not classically arise from the peri-orbital area in adults. The purpose of this case report is to present a 69-year-old female with GA of the orbit. As well, the pathological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors will be discussed. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Nov-Dec;9(6):409-413

Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Granuloma annulare (GA) is an uncommon dermatologic disorder that presents as annular, skin-colored to erythematous plaques. Histopathologically, it is characterized by palisaded histiocytic granulomas. A definitive diagnosis of GA is based on clinicopathologic correlation. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2019 Feb 28;30(2):206-208. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Dermatology, Topiwala National medical College & B. Y. L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India.

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Nov/Dec;93(6):878-880

Division of Dermatopathology, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.

Granuloma annulare is a relatively common, idiopathic, benign inflammatory dermatosis, with a varied clinical presentation that often makes diagnosis difficult. It mainly affects the extremities, such as the dorsa of the hands and feet, forearms and legs. Palmar and plantar regions are generally spared. Read More

Dermatol Clin 2019 Jan;37(1):49-64

Dermatology Administration, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 7th Floor, South Tower, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Inflammatory granulomatous dermatitides include cutaneous sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and reactive granulomatous dermatitis. The etiopathogenesis of these disorders is not well understood; but the T helper 1 response mediated by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL) 1, 2, and 6 and the T helper 17 response mediated by IL-17 play a role. These inflammatory granulomatous disorders often have cutaneous manifestations in addition to extracutaneous manifestations or associations with systemic diseases. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Nov 10;4(10):1024-1026. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 Nov;35(6):875-876

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Oct 29;4(9):851-853. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.

Trop Doct 2018 Oct 4:49475518803191. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.

Granuloma multiforme (GM) is a chronic granulomatous skin condition which is clinically characterised by annular lesions mainly over sun-exposed areas and histologically by focal necrobiosis and histiocytic granulomas. Its significance lies in the fact that it can clinically resemble tuberculoid leprosy and hence it can be missed. Here, we report a case of GM from India in a 55-year-old female agriculturist, with multiple asymptomatic large annular rings of papules over the photo-distributed areas. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2019 Feb;99(2):244-245

Department of Dermatology, Reims University Hospital, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du general Koenig, FR-51092 Reims Cedex, France.

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Sep 14;4(8):808-810. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Dermatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Sep 14;4(8):752-760. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.

Ann Pathol 2018 Oct 17;38(5):305-313. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Cabinet de dermatopathologie Mathurin-Moreau, 35, avenue Mathurin-Moreau, 75019 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Am Fam Physician 2018 Sep;98(5):283-291

Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Annular lesions can present in a variety of diseases. Knowledge of the physical appearance and history of presentation of these skin findings can help in the diagnosis. A pruritic, annular, erythematous patch that grows centrifugally should prompt evaluation for tinea corporis. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2018 Dec 9;45(12):940-943. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cutaneous granulomas without detectable infectious etiology rarely occur in children and adults with primary immunodeficiency disorders. These cutaneous granulomas are primarily seen in combined variable immunodeficiency, ataxia-telangiectasia, and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and can emulate the reaction patterns seen in sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. To date, the literature has described only six cases of non-infectious cutaneous granulomas in SCID. Read More

Dermatol Clin 2018 Oct 2;36(4):369-375. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Medical Area, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

Although diagnosis of cutaneous granulomatous disorders (CGDs) is usually suspected based on morphologic findings, localization, and anamnestic data, clinical differentiation from each other and from similar dermatoses may be challenging. Recently, dermatoscopy has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for assisting the recognition of several CGDs. This article provides a current overview of the dermatoscopic features of the main noninfectious and infectious CGDs, including sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, rheumatoid nodules, and leishmaniasis. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 11 1;79(5):822-823. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Division of Dermatology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Marlton, New Jersey. Electronic address:

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Sep-Oct;93(5):740-742

Medical student, Dermatology League, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (RS), Brazil.

Light microscopy of granuloma annulare shows mucin deposition with lympho-histiocytic infiltrate. We describe the ultrastructural three-dimensional aspects of a typical case of granuloma with characteristic histopathological findings. At the ultrastructural level, affected collagen bundles and granular mucin deposition were observed. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Oct;28(5):696-697

Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 11;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

The association of malignant lymphomas with non-necrotic epithelioid granulomas has been reported rarely since 1977. Hodgkin's disease-associated widespread cutaneous granuloma annulare (GA) has been reported in only eight patients. We report the second case of subcutaneous GA associated with Hodgkin's disease. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Aug 24;4(7):636-639. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York.

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Aug 20;4(7):631-632. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada, Quebec.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Aug 6. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have emerged as a frontline treatment for a growing list of malignancies. Disruption of the negative regulatory immune checkpoints by ICPIs has been associated with many immune-related adverse events. Granulomatous reactions, such as sarcoidosis-like reactions, granulomatous panniculitis, granuloma annulare, and granulomatous dermatitis, are uncommon but increasingly recognized immune-related adverse events seen in patients treated with ICPIs. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2018 Aug 27;30(4):503-504. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2017 Dec;25(4):292-294

Mihaela Paula Toader MD, PhD, T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, 16 Universitatii str. 700115, Iasi, Romania;

Dear Editor, Subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA) is considered a rare clinical variant of granuloma annulare, a common self-healing chronic inflammatory disorder that may appear in childhood as well as in adult age (1-3). A 29-year-old female patient reported the onset of several small subcutaneous nodules on the dorsal aspect of the second interphalangeal joint of the left medius finger and the left elbow, accompanied by vague joint pain, had occurred 13 years ago. Specific markers for rheumatoid arthritis were negative, leading to a diagnosis of sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis, for which treatment with methotrexate was initiated. Read More

Cureus 2018 May 14;10(5):e2620. Epub 2018 May 14.

Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.

Non-infectious soft tissue lesions of the foot and ankle are relatively rare clinically. These include benign and malignant neoplasms, as well as non-neoplastic or pseudotumoral lesions such as ganglionic, synovial and epidermoid cysts, intermetatarsal and adventitious bursitis, inflammatory lesions like gouty tophi and rheumatoid nodules, Morton's neuroma, and granuloma annulare. A 48-year-old male with a history of medically treated tophaceous gout presented with left foot neuropathic pain and paresthesia, in the setting of a well-circumscribed soft tissue lesion of the second intermetatarsal space, suspected to be a Morton's neuroma. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Jun 24;4(5):405-407. Epub 2018 Apr 24.

Division of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Nov 18;79(5):913-920.e1. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona.

Background: Granuloma annulare (GA) is a granulomatous skin eruption rarely associated with cancer. We report seven cases of paraneoplastic GA in association with solid organ malignancy.

Objective: To compare the clinical and histopathological features of paraneoplastic GA to case-matched controls of classic GA. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 May 31. Epub 2018 May 31.

Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España.

Case Rep Dermatol Med 2018 1;2018:5175319. Epub 2018 Apr 1.

Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, 1755 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA.

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a common benign inflammatory skin condition classically presenting as skin-colored to erythematous dermal papules and annular plaques. Histologically, GA displays a dermal granulomatous infiltrate with palisaded histiocytes surrounding focally altered collagen. The exactly etiology of GA remains unknown, but it has been associated with trauma, various infections, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, and several medications. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 01 17;44(1):110-112. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Am J Dermatopathol 2018 Oct;40(10):762-766

Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.

Actinic granuloma (AG) manifests as annular plaques on sun-damaged skin. There remains no universal consensus on the nosology, etiology, or clinicopathologic criteria of AG as a distinct entity. Broadly, AG is characterized by granulomatous inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, elastophagocytosis, and the absence of mucin and necrobiosis. Read More

Australas J Dermatol 2018 Nov 19;59(4):e291-e294. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.

J Cutan Med Surg 2018 Nov/Dec;22(6):618-620. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

1 Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Cutaneous reactions to tattoos can be attributed either to trauma or to the exogenous pigment introduced into the skin. Red pigment is associated with a high sensitizing potential and is the most frequently implicated pigment inducing various types of histological reactions. Herein, we describe a patient with red tattoo pigment-induced granulomatous dermatitis that histologically revealed a very rare granuloma annulare-like reaction. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Mar-Apr;9(2):117-119

Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India.

We report the case of a 32-year- old man with a short 3-week history of erythematous, annular, non scaly plaques on palmar and dorsal aspect of his hands, who was concurrently diagnosed as a case of sarcoidosis on the basis of findings of generalized lymphadenopathy and radiological and histological features of pulmonary sarcoidosis. His skin biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of granuloma annulare. Sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare are two separate diseases, which involve the skin and have a mononuclear histiocytic cellular reaction, although their aetiology is still unknown. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 May 24;35(3):e200-e201. Epub 2018 Mar 24.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory disorder that primarily affects healthy children and manifests as a rapidly growing, painless, nonmobile mass, most commonly located in the leg. The current case highlights the sonographic appearance of subcutaneous granuloma annulare. Ultrasound color Doppler is a helpful noninvasive imaging test that may allow physicians to confirm the diagnosis of subcutaneous granuloma annulare and avoid unnecessary medical procedures. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2018 Nov 14;29(7):720-724. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

b UConn Health Department of Dermatology , Farmington , CT , USA.

Background: Management of generalized granuloma annulare (GGA) poses challenges for both patients and dermatologists. Currently, there are no established first-line therapies for GGA and the available therapeutic modalities are based on individual case reports and a few small case series. Further, there are limited publications assessing the efficacy of methotrexate in treating GGA. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2017 Jul 15;23(7). Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal.

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) is a rare granulomatous skin disease of undetermined cause, characterized by annular plaques with raised erythematous borders in sun-exposed skin. The typical histologic features are dermal infiltration by multinucleated giant cells, elastin degeneration, and elastophagocytosis. The authors describe a clinical case of AEGCG, which exhibited an excellent response to hydroxycloroquine. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Jun 9;43(4):449-453. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (T-LGLL) is a clinically indolent mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by a monoclonal population of CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which usually presents as neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal haematopoietic disorder with features of both a myeloproliferative neoplasm and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with CMML exhibit a persistent peripheral blood monocytosis in addition to myelodysplastic features. Read More