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Can Commun Dis Rep 2019 Feb 7;45(2-3):54-62. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Bacterial Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.

Increasing rates of gonococcal (GC) infection and antimicrobial resistant (AMR) GC, are a serious public health concern for Canada and around the world. Previously recommended treatments are ineffective against many of the gonorrhea strains circulating today. The current recommendation for combination therapy is now being threatened by globally emerging and increasingly resistant strains. Read More

Can Commun Dis Rep 2019 Feb 7;45(2-3):45-53. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Bacterial Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB.

Background: have acquired resistance to many antimicrobials, including third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin, which are the current gonococcal combination therapy recommended by the .

Objective: To describe antimicrobial susceptibilities for circulating in Canada between 2012 and 2016.

Methods: Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using agar dilution of isolated in Canada 2012-2016 (n=10,167) following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Read More

BMC Med 2019 Apr 24;17(1):81. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.

Background: Mathematical transmission models are increasingly used to guide public health interventions for infectious diseases, particularly in the context of emerging pathogens; however, the contribution of modeling to the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains unclear. Here, we systematically evaluate publications on population-level transmission models of AMR over a recent period (2006-2016) to gauge the state of research and identify gaps warranting further work.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search of relevant databases to identify transmission studies of AMR in viral, bacterial, and parasitic disease systems. Read More

PLoS One 2019 23;14(4):e0215001. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.

The anogenital prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the use of cervico-vaginal self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples were evaluated for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. We recruited 153 women for a cross-sectional study (112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected) who sought health services. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Objective: While men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by Peru's overlapping HIV and STI epidemics, there are few data on how partnership-level and network-level factors affect STI transmission in Peru. We explored partnership-level and network-level factors associated with gonorrhoea/chlamydia ( and/or (NG/CT)) and/or syphilis infection among MSM in Peru.

Methods: We present the results of a cross-sectional secondary analysis of MSM (n=898) tested for syphilis and NG/CT infection as part of the screening process for two STI control trials in Lima, Peru. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

Objectives: Ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern globally because a high-dose (1 g) injection of ceftriaxone is the only remaining option for empirical monotherapy of gonorrhoea. The ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal strain FC428, cultured in Osaka in 2015, is suspected to have spread nationally and internationally. We describe the complete finished genomes of FC428 and two closely related isolates from Osaka in 2015, and examine the genomic epidemiology of these isolates plus three ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal isolates from Osaka and Hyogo in 2016-17 and four ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal isolates cultured in 2017 in Australia, Canada and Denmark. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.

Objective: Gonorrhoea transmission between men is currently thought to occur primarily to and from the urethra. Transmission without urethral involvement, from throat-to-throat and throat-to-anus, is considered to be uncommon. Using gonorrhoea results from male couples, we aimed to investigate the transmission dynamics of gonorrhoea. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Infectious Disease Diagnostics Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

(CT) and (GC) are the two most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in the US. Studies in adults, mostly in MSM, have shown that the prevalence of CT/GC infections is much higher in extragenital sources compared to urogenital sources. Similar large sample size data on the burden of CT/GC infections by anatomic site is lacking in children. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2019 Apr 5;173:154-166. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1041, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyse the ATP-dependent coupling of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA. Being vital for protein translation aaRSs are considered a promising target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. 5'-O-(N-aminoacyl)-sulfamoyl adenosine (aaSA) is a non-hydrolysable analogue of the aaRS reaction intermediate that has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme family but is prone to chemical instability and enzymatic modification. Read More

Mol Pharm 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-like cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are human cell-surface proteins that can exhibit increased expression on tumor cells, and are thus a potential target for novel tumor-seeking therapeutic delivery methods. We hypothesize that engineered nanoparticles containing a known interaction partner of CEACAM, the Neisseria gonorrhoeae outer membrane protein Opa, can be used to deliver cargo to specific cellular targets. In this study, the cell association and uptake of protein-less liposomes and Opa proteoliposomes into CEACAM-expressing cells was measured using imaging flow cytometry. Read More

J Bacteriol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611

The major subunit of the Type IV pilus (T4p) of undergoes Antigenic variation (Av) dependent on a guanine quadruplex (G4) DNA structure located upstream of the pilin gene. Since the presence of G4 DNA induces genome instability in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes, we tested whether a double strand break (DSB) at the site of the G4 sequence can substitute for G4 directed pilin Av. The G4 motif was replaced by an I-SceI cut site and the cut site was also introduced to locations near the origin of replication and the terminus. Read More

J Mol Biol 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

The 10 human-restricted Neisseria species all colonize mucosal surfaces, but show a spectrum of pathogenicity. The commensal Neisseria do not normally cause pathology, while the two pathogenic species, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, straddle the border between commensalism and pathogenicity. Why the pathogenic Neisseria continue to mediate host damage after thousands of years of co-evolution with their human host, and why the commensal species have not acquired the ability to damage the host, if this capability provides a selective advantage, is not understood. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2019 May;46(5):317-320

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.

Background: Symptom awareness, behavioral factors, and other barriers associated with timely sexually transmitted infection (STI) health care provision in men is not well studied.

Methods: Men attending an STI clinic answered a questionnaire regarding their symptoms, sexual behavior, and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Characteristics of symptomatic men were compared between those who did and did not delay seeking health care services. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2019 May;46(5):279-286

Melinta Therapeutics, Lincolnshire, IL.

Background: We evaluated single oral dose of delafloxacin versus single intramuscular ceftriaxone in participants with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea (primary objective). Secondary objectives included the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of delafloxacin versus ceftriaxone for uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, and/or pharyngeal gonorrhea.

Methods: In this open-label, multicenter study, 460 participants at 25 study centers were randomized (2:1) to receive a single 900-mg oral dose of delafloxacin or 250-mg intramuscular ceftriaxone. Read More

J Lab Physicians 2019 Jan-Mar;11(1):45-50

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: The objective of this study is to investigate gonococcal isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods.

Methodology: Sixty gonococcal isolates obtained were examined. Strains were divided into 9 resistant phenotypes: Chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant (CMRNGP), penicillinase-producing NG (PPNG), chromosomally mediated tetracycline-resistant NG (CMRNG), TRNG, PPNG and TRNG, CMRNG, quinolone resistant NG (QRNG), Azithro R, and decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019 Apr 15;43. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Neisseria Reference Laboratory and World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for STI and AMR, Sydney. New South Wales Health Pathology, Microbiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia.

The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has continuously monitored antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from all states and territories since 1981. In 2017, there were 7,835 clinical isolates of gonococci from public and private sector sources tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility by standardised methods. Current treatment recommendations for gonorrhoea for the majority of Australia, is a dual therapeutic strategy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

PREVENTION, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: Comprehensive data on (CT) and (NG) infections to guide screening services among transgender women (TGW) are limited. We studied the burden of CT/NG infections in pharyngeal, rectal and urethral sites of Thai TGW and determined missed CT/NG diagnoses if selected site screening was performed.

Methods: Thai TGW were enrolled to the community-led test and treat cohort. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 04 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Azithromycin (AZI) is recommended with Ceftriaxone (CRO) for treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis in the United States (US) and an AZI susceptibility breakpoint is needed. Neither the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) nor the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) has set interpretive breakpoints for AZI susceptibility. As a result, AZI antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) cannot be interpreted using recognized standards. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2019 Apr 8;19(1):76. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O Box 606, 00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: Phenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance was first reported in Western Kenya in 2009 and later in Coastal Kenya and Nairobi. Until recently gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Kenya had not been elucidated. The aim of this paper is to analyze mutations in both gyrA and parC responsible for elevated fluoroquinolone Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) isolated from heterosexual individuals from different locations in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. Read More

J Infect Dis 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

J Infect Dis 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Objectives: There are substantial variations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to antimicrobials between different populations, and the reasons for this are largely unexplored. We aimed to assess if the population level consumption of antimicrobials is a contributory factor.

Methods: Using antimicrobial susceptibility data from 24 countries in the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme and antimicrobial consumption data from the IQVIA MIDAS database, we built mixed effects linear/logistic regression models with country-level cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone and macrolide consumption (standard doses/1000 population/year) as the explanatory variables (from 2009 to 2015) and 1-year lagged ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as the outcome variables (2010 to 2016). Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Objectives: Current guidelines recommend screening sexually active persons with HIV (PWH) for (NG) and (CT) at least annually. Yet, screening rates in many HIV clinics remain low. In this study, we estimated the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect a NG and/or CT infection at each anatomic site among different subpopulations of PWH. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Apr 3;9(4):e028145. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Clinical Sciences, HIV/STI Reference Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.

Objectives: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users are screened bi-annual for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A novel device, called the Colli-Pee, collects first-void urine in a standardised way and the collector tube can be easily delivered by regular post to a certified laboratory. The aim of the study was a one-to-one comparison between the STI test results obtained with the urine collected in the clinic, versus urine collected at home in a real-life setting by Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Belgium. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.

Several (NG) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) exist with high sensitivity. However, specificity of NG NAAT testing may be suboptimal, particularly in extra-genital biospecimens. Consequently, confirmation with a second NAAT is common, although represents a burden on resources. Read More

PLoS One 2019 3;14(4):e0213312. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, New South Wales Health Pathology, Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global concern, with the ongoing emergence of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance threatening current treatment paradigms. To monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, the World Health Organization (WHO) Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) has operated in the Western Pacific and South East Asian regions since 1992. Read More

PLoS One 2019 3;14(4):e0211682. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Family Physician, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

Introduction: Gonorrhea (GC) infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been steadily increasing in Thailand over the last decade. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for gonorrhea infection.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we determined the prevalence of and risk factors associated with gonococcal infections by three anatomical sites among MSM. Read More

J Sex Med 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Research and Informatics Services Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common diagnosis in up to 50% of men with HIV and prescription of erectile dysfunction medication (EDM) has been variably associated with increased risk behaviors and acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Aim: We measured the association of EDM prescription with bacterial STI testing, STI infection and sexual behavior among men engaged in HIV care.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected men in care at an urban HIV clinic in Birmingham, Alabama between 2008 and 2016. Read More

Microbiome 2019 Mar 29;7(1):49. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, O|2 Lab Building, VU University, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: A vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli (particularly Lactobacillus crispatus) is associated with vaginal health, whereas a vaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli is considered dysbiotic. Here we investigated whether L. crispatus strains isolated from the vaginal tract of women with Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota (LVM) are pheno- or genotypically distinct from L. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Mar;17(3):287-315

WIR "Walk In Ruhr", competence network HIV/AIDS, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.

Worldwide, the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has shown a significant increase in recent years. In Germany, this circumstance is reflected by a rise in the number of reported syphilis cases. There has also been an uptick in the incidence of non-notifiable STIs such as gonorrhea and infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Mar;17(3):287-317

WIR "Walk In Ruhr", Kompetenznetz HIV/AIDS, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.

Bakterielle sexuell übertragbare Infektionen (STI) zeigen seit Jahren weltweit eine deutliche Zunahme. In Deutschland wird diese Tatsache durch steigende Meldezahlen für Syphilis bestätigt. Auch für die nicht meldepflichtigen STI Gonorrhoe, Chlamydia-trachomatis- und Mycoplasma-genitalium-Infektionen wird eine zunehmende Inzidenz beobachtet. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 27;63(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The nimbleness of to evade the effect of antibiotics has perpetuated the fight against antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea for more than 80 years. The ability to develop resistance to antibiotics is attributable to its indiscriminate nature in accepting and integrating exogenous DNA into its genome. Here, we provide data demonstrating a novel combination of the 23S rRNA A2059G mutation with a mosaic-multiple transferable resistance (mosaic-) locus haplotype in 14 isolates with high-level azithromycin MICs (≥256 μg/ml), a combination that may confer more fitness than in previously identified isolates with high-level azithromycin resistance. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Mar 25;19(1):281. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Background: Confidence in any diagnostic and antimicrobial susceptibility testing data is provided by appropriate and regular quality assurance (QA) procedures. In Europe, the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Susceptibility Programme (Euro-GASP) has been monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae since 2004. Euro-GASP includes an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme as an essential component for a quality-assured laboratory-based surveillance programme. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2019 Mar 25;19(1):67. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada.

Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen and its adherence to host cells is essential for its pathogenesis. Gonococcal adherence assays are based on the enumeration of bacteria attached to human cells on solid media. Because conventional adherence assays are based on bacterial counts, they are often time consuming to perform and prone to observer bias. Read More

Am J Reprod Immunol 2019 Mar 23:e13111. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Problem: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection has been shown to increase sexual transmission of HIV-1. However, the mechanism of NG-induced enhanced HIV-1 transmission is unknown.

Methods: (a) The cervical tissues were exposed to NG, and cytokine induction was monitored by measuring cytokine proteins in culture supernatants and cytokine mRNAs in tissues. Read More

APMIS 2019 Mar 23. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, National Reference Laboratory for STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern globally. However, recent gonococcal AMR data from Eastern Europe are extremely limited and no AMR data for strains spreading in Ukraine has ever been internationally published. We investigated the AMR of N. Read More

JMIR Res Protoc 2019 03 22;8(3):e10795. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are increasing in the United States, with approximately half of new infections occurring among adolescents aged 15-24 years. Gay, bisexual, and transgender youth (GBTY), homeless youth, and youth with histories of drug use, mental health disorders, and incarceration are all at uniquely high risk for STIs. However, these adolescents often lack access to sexual health services. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Jul 17;25(7). Epub 2019 Jul 17.

In 2016, we identified a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate in China. The strain genotype was identical to the resistant clone FC428 that originated in Japan. Enhanced international collaborative surveillance programs are crucial to track the transmission of the ceftriaxone-resistant clones. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the ResistancePlus GC (beta) assay for the simultaneous detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and gyrA S91 markers of resistance (S91F) and susceptibility (WT) to ciprofloxacin, from both clinical specimens and isolates.

Methods: Performance was assessed on several sample banks, including N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 822), non-gonococcal isolates (n = 110), N. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

State Research Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia

The Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (RU-GASP) was established in 2004 and operated continuously during the years 2005-2016. The aims of this study were to summarize the RU-GASP results over this 12-year period and evaluate the trends in antimicrobial resistance in Russia. In total, 5,038 verified isolates from 40 participating regions were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials via an agar dilution method. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Apr;25(4):719-727

During 2016-2017, we tested asymptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM) in Melbourne, Australia, for Mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance mutations in urine and anorectal swab specimens by using PCR. We compared M. genitalium detection rates for those asymptomatic men to those for MSM with proctitis and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) over the same period. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHRU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France; Groupe de recherche sur l'adaptation microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Normandie university, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France. Electronic address:

This review of the treatment of uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) focuses on the susceptibility profile of the main microbiological causes as well as on the advantages and inconvenients of relevant antibiotics. As bacterial resistance is expanding in the community, the rules of adequate antibiotic prescribing are integrated in the treatment proposals. While the pathogenic role of anaerobic bacteria in uncomplicated PID remains discussed, the choice to provide anaerobes coverage is proposed. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Infections humaines à mycoplasmes et chlamydiae, USC EA 3671, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, université Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre national de référence des infections sexuellement transmissibles bactériennes, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

Objectives: To determine the microorganisms potentially involved in pelvic inflammatory diseases (PIDs) and the different diagnostic methods of PID.

Methods: PubMed and International Guidelines search.

Results: PIDs have various microbial causes. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1969:123-133

Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.

Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are obligate pathogens of the human host. Due to their adaptation to the human host, many factors required for infection are specialized for the human host to the point that natural infection processes are difficult to replicate in animal models. Immortalized human cell lines have been used to identify the host factors necessary for successful colonization of human mucosal surfaces. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 27;10:321. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.

The increasing incidence of gonorrhea worldwide and the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains of , constitute a public health emergency. With dwindling antibiotic treatment options, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Gonococcal lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are potential vaccine candidates because they are densely represented on the bacterial surface and are readily accessible as targets of adaptive immunity. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2019 Apr 14;68(4):555-559. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

2 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: The public health burden of infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is magnified due to high rates of resistance to traditional antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of an alternative dual therapy comprising gentamicin and azithromycin.

Methodology: The E-test method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of gentamicin and azithromycin individually prior to testing in combination using the cross or 90 angle formation method. Read More

South Afr J HIV Med 2019 23;20(1):849. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Newlands Clinic, Zimbabwe.

Background: Coinfection rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are not widely reported in Zimbabwe and no local guidelines regarding the screening of STIs in people living with HIV exist.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for STI coinfection in a cohort of HIV-infected women.

Methods: Between January and June 2016, 385 HIV-infected women presenting for routine cervical cancer screening were tested for five STIs: (NG), (CT), (TV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 2 and (TP). Read More

Euro Surveill 2019 Mar;24(10)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

We describe detection in the United Kingdom (UK) of the drug-resistant FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate azithromycin resistance. Two female patients developed infection following contact with UK-resident men from the same sexual network linked to travel to Ibiza, Spain. One case failed treatment with ceftriaxone, and azithromycin and gentamicin, before successful treatment with ertapenem. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands.

Objective: (CT) and (NG) infections can clear without treatment. Despite high prevalence of anorectal infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) and women, studies on anorectal clearance are scarce. Moreover it is unknown whether bacterial load affects urogenital/anorectal CT clearance. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital.

Amid the global crisis of increasing gonococcal antimicrobial resistance, we report the first case of ceftriaxone-resistant multidrug-resistant in Singapore.…. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 03 7;15(3):e1007385. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.

The six-component maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) system is responsible for retrograde transport of phospholipids, ensuring the barrier function of the Gram-negative cell envelope. Located within the outer membrane, MlaA (VacJ) acts as a channel to shuttle phospholipids from the outer leaflet. We identified Neisseria gonorrhoeae MlaA (ngo2121) during high-throughput proteomic mining for potential therapeutic targets against this medically important human pathogen. Read More