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Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019 Apr 20. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Sleep is a highly conserved phenomenon in endotherms, and therefore it must serve at least one basic function across this wide range of species. What that function is remains one of the biggest mysteries in neurobiology. By using the word neurobiology, we do not mean to exclude possible non-neural functions of sleep, but it is difficult to imagine why the brain must be taken offline if the basic function of sleep did not involve the nervous system. Read More

PLoS Biol 2019 Apr 19;17(4):e3000236. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The ability to adapt to acute and chronic stress is important for organisms to thrive in evolutionary niches and for cells to survive in adverse conditions. The regulatory networks that control stress responses are evolutionarily conserved, and many factors that selectively activate stress responses have been identified. Less well understood are mechanisms that guard against unnecessary induction of cytoprotective factors and that connect stress responses with cellular metabolism to control energy expenditure during stress. Read More

Autophagy 2019 Apr 19:1-17. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

a Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is central to proteostasis network (PN) functionality and proteome quality control. Yet, the functional implication of the UPP in tissue homeodynamics at the whole organism level and its potential cross-talk with other proteostatic or mitostatic modules are not well understood. We show here that knock down (KD) of proteasome subunits in Drosophila flies, induced, for most subunits, developmental lethality. Read More

Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2019 Apr;35(4):616-625

Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.

Glucoamylase is a critical ingredient for saccharification in the starch decomposition, and widely used in food, pharmaceutical and fermentation industries. Glucoamylases are usually thermostable and have peak activities at high temperature, as required for the industrial process of glucose production. In this study, a glucoamylase gene belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 15, Tlga15A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802, and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Read More

Food Res Int 2019 Jun 2;120:523-533. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address:

Beneficial properties attributed to the intake of blackberry fruit are associated with the presence of high content of anthocyanins. However, their low absorption and accumulation in the gut have generated the belief that gut metabolites of anthocyanins are probably reason for their protective effects. In this study, blackberry anthocyanins were prepared and subjected to in vitro human gut microbiota fermentation at different time intervals (0-48 h) to study their gut metabolites and antioxidant properties. Read More

Nutrients 2019 Apr 17;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid widely used in sports nutrition, especially because of its immunomodulatory role. Notwithstanding, glutamine plays several other biological functions, such as cell proliferation, energy production, glycogenesis, ammonia buffering, maintenance of the acid-base balance, among others. Thus, this amino acid began to be investigated in sports nutrition beyond its effect on the immune system, attributing to glutamine various properties, such as an anti-fatigue role. Read More

PLoS One 2019 18;14(4):e0215273. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Chemical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.

Phosphoenolpyruvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a highly conserved, multistep chemical process which uses phosphate transfer to regulate the intake and use of sugars and other carbohydrates by bacteria. In addition to controlling sugar uptake, the PTS regulates several bacterial cellular functions such as chemotaxis, glycogen metabolism, catabolite repression and biofilm formation. Previous studies have shown that the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate ratio is a critical determinant of PTS functions. Read More

ACS Med Chem Lett 2019 Apr 4;10(4):469-474. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.

Several evidence pointed out the role of epigenetics in Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealing strictly relationships between epigenetic and "classical" AD targets. Based on the reported connection among histone deacetylases (HDACs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), herein we present the discovery and the biochemical characterization of the first-in-class hit compound able to exert promising anti-AD effects by modulating the targeted proteins in the low micromolar range of concentration. Compound induces an increase in histone acetylation and a reduction of tau phosphorylation. Read More

Poult Sci 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716.

This study was conducted to characterize metabolic differences between high feed efficiency (HFE) and low feed efficiency (LFE) chickens to investigate why feed efficient chickens are more susceptible to muscle abnormalities such as wooden breast disease. Gene expression profiles were generated by RNA sequencing of pectoralis major muscle samples from 10 HFE and 13 LFE broiler chickens selected from a modern broiler population. Metabolism-associated differentially expressed genes were identified and interpreted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and literature mining. Read More

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter University, United Kingdom.

It is not clear how the parameters of the power-duration relationship (critical power (CP) and W') are influenced by the performance of prolonged endurance exercise. We used severe-intensity prediction trials (conventional protocol) and the 3-min all-out test (3MT) to measure CP and W' following 2 h of heavy-intensity cycling exercise and took muscle biopsies to investigate possible relationships with changes in muscle glycogen concentration ([glycogen]). Fourteen participants completed a rested 3MT to establish end-test power (Control-EP) and work done above EP (Control-WEP). Read More

J Biophotonics 2019 Apr 16:e201800304. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

The biomolecular events resulting from the progression of hepatoblastoma remain to be elucidated. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies are capable of noninvasively and accurately capturing the biochemical properties of biological tissue from its pathological status. Our aim was to probe critial biomolecular changes of liver accompanying the progression of pure foetal hepatoblastoma (PFH) by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yan Ta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.

To scan novel candidate genes associated with osteoporosis, a two-stage transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of bone mineral density (BMD) was conducted. The BMD-associated genes identified by TWAS were then compared with the gene expression profiling of BMD in bone cells, B cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. We identified multiple candidate genes and gene ontology (GO) terms associated with BMD. Read More

PeerJ 2019 9;7:e6618. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), UNAM-CONACYT, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.

Sexual maturation and reproduction influence the status of a number of physiological processes and consequently the ecology and behaviour of cephalopods. Using as a study model, the present work was focused in the changes in biochemical compound and activity that take place during gonadal maturation of females and its consequences in embryo and hatchlings characteristics. To do that, a total of 31 adult females of were sampled to follow metabolites (ovaries and digestive gland) and digestive enzyme activities (alkaline and acidic proteases) during physiological and functional maturation. Read More

Cancer Cell Int 2019 4;19:85. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

1Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907 Republic of Korea.

Background: DA-9401 was prepared as a mixture of Chinese medicinal herb extracts from roots of Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae), outer scales of L. (Liliceae) and seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lamark (Convolvulaceae). The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of DA-9401 in adriamycin (ADR)-induced testicular toxicity associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Anesthesiology - Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Objective: Pediatric liver transplantation presents a number of anesthetic challenges, especially in providing adequate perioperative analgesia. In an effort to reduce opioid consumption and improve functional outcomes following pediatric liver transplantation, we have instituted a novel analgesia protocol centered on the provision of continuous regional analgesia with erector spinae plane (ESP) blockade.

Cases: We describe preincisional bilateral ESP catheter placement in two pediatric patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Read More

Biosci Rep 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Alaska, China

Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of CA-induced brain damage. The transplanted NSCs could differentiate into new neuron and replace the damaged one. However, the poor survival of NSCs in severe hypoxic condition is the limiting step to make the best use of this kind of therapy. Read More

Cancer Cell 2019 Apr;35(4):664-676.e7

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02445, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Electronic address:

Resistance to asparaginase, an antileukemic enzyme that depletes asparagine, is a common clinical problem. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we found a synthetic lethal interaction between Wnt pathway activation and asparaginase in acute leukemias resistant to this enzyme. Wnt pathway activation induced asparaginase sensitivity in distinct treatment-resistant subtypes of acute leukemia, but not in normal hematopoietic progenitors. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 3;24(7). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.

Structure-based design and synthesis of two biphenyl--acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamine derivatives as well as their assessment as inhibitors of human liver glycogen phosphorylase (hlGPa, a pharmaceutical target for type 2 diabetes) is presented. X-ray crystallography revealed the importance of structural water molecules and that the inhibitory efficacy correlates with the degree of disturbance caused by the inhibitor binding to a loop crucial for the catalytic mechanism. The in silico-derived models of the binding mode generated during the design process corresponded very well with the crystallographic data. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Apr 3;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Harvey W. Cushing Neurooncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

We previously showed lithium chloride (LiCl) and other inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) including 6-bromo-indirubin-3-oxime (BIO), can block glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration. To investigate the mechanisms involved we used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins altered after treatment of U251 GBM cells with 20 mM LiCl. Downregulation of the intermediate filament protein vimentin was the most significant change identified. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 3;24(7). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

Twelve derivatives - of the β-crinane-type alkaloid haemanthamine were developed. All the semisynthetic derivatives were studied for their inhibitory potential against both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. In addition, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibition potency was evaluated in the active derivatives. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2018 Nov 2. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

University of Health Sciences Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital.

Aim: This failure in treatment of GBM has led researchers to investigate the molecular pathogenesis and its cellular signaling pathways. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) play a key role in survival and proliferation of GBM. Our study was to investigate the apoptotic and molecular effects of GSK3 in GBM. Read More

Balkan J Med Genet 2018 Dec 31;21(2):55-57. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Genetics, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1A) is caused by mutations in the gene. The gene was first cloned in 1993. Since then, many different mutations have been identified leading to this disease. Read More

Cell Metab 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address:

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activity is aberrant in tumors, and PI3K inhibitors are investigated as cancer therapeutics. PI3K signaling mediates insulin action in metabolism, but the role of PI3K isoforms in insulin signaling remains unresolved. Defining the role of PI3K isoforms in insulin signaling is necessary for a mechanistic understanding of insulin action and to develop PI3K inhibitors with optimal therapeutic index. Read More

Am J Hum Genet 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address:

Phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) encodes the metabolic enzyme that interconverts glucose-6-P and glucose-1-P. Mutations in PGM1 cause impairment in glycogen metabolism and glycosylation, the latter manifesting as a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). This unique metabolic defect leads to abnormal N-glycan synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA). Read More

Poult Sci 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Nanjing Innovation Center of Meat Products Processing, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, and College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of preslaughter shackling on stress, postmortem glycolysis, meat quality, water distribution, and protein structures of pectoralis majors. Before slaughter, Arbor Acres broilers (n = 105, 42 days old, 2.0 to 2. Read More

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda, NUPEM, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro: São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil. Electronic address:

Roundup® is currently the most widely used and sold agricultural pesticide in the world. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of Roundup® on energy metabolism during zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryogenesis. The embryo toxicity test was performed for 96 h post-fertilisation and the sublethal concentration of Roundup® was defined as 58. Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address:

OCT4 is a key regulator in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Human OCT4 gene has three mRNA isoforms, termed OCT4A, OCT4B and OCT4B1. The 190-amino-acid protein isoform (OCT4B-190) is one of the major products of OCT4B mRNA, the biological function of which is still not well defined. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019 Apr 11;1864(7):1031-1038. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. Electronic address:

Decreased levels of the δ isozyme of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) in skeletal muscle attenuate glucose uptake and, consequently, are critical for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We recently found that free myristic acid (14:0), but not free palmitic acid (16:0), increased the DGKδ protein levels and enhanced glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells. However, it has been unclear how myristic acid regulates the level of DGKδ2 protein. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Mar 21;226:865-873. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Electronic address:

The development and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was studied in two Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) treating fish canning wastewater. R1 cycle comprised a fully aerobic reaction phase, while R2 cycle included a plug-flow anaerobic feeding/reaction followed by an aerobic reaction phase. The performance of the AGS reactors was compared treating the same effluents with variable salt concentrations (4. Read More

Biotechnol Adv 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China. Electronic address:

As important oxygenic photoautotrophs, cyanobacteria are also generally considered as one of the most promising microbial chassis for photosynthetic biomanufacturing. Diverse synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches have been developed to enable the efficient harnessing of carbon and energy flow toward the synthesis of desired metabolites in cyanobacterial cell factories. Glycogen metabolism works as the most important natural carbon sink mechanism and reserve carbon source, storing a large portion of carbon and energy from the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, and thus is traditionally recognized as a promising engineering target to optimize the efficacy of cyanobacterial cell factories. Read More

PLoS One 2019 12;14(4):e0215213. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Type 1 diabetic Akita mice develop severe cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction that we have previously demonstrated is due at least in part to an abnormality in the response of the end organ to parasympathetic stimulation. Specifically, we had shown that hypoinsulinemia in the diabetic heart results in attenuation of the G-protein coupled inward rectifying K channel (GIRK) which mediates the negative chronotropic response to parasympathetic stimulation due at least in part to decreased expression of the GIRK1 and GIRK4 subunits of the channel. We further demonstrated that the expression of GIRK1 and GIRK4 is under the control of the Sterol Regulatory element Binding Protein (SREBP-1), which is also decreased in response to hypoinsulinemia. Read More

Heliyon 2019 Mar 27;5(3):e01373. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Microbiology, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tiruchirapalli 621 105, India.

Abnormal glucose metabolism causes various complications in many metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and mainly diabetes. But commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs cause severe side effects. Hence, there is a need to find the medicine without side effects. Read More

Dent Mater 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK. Electronic address:

Objectives: Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays important roles in regeneration, particularly in hard tissues such as bone and teeth, and can be regulated by small molecule antagonists of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3); however, small molecules can be difficult to deliver clinically. Lithium (Li) is also a GSK3 antagonist and can be incorporated into bioactive glasses (BG), which can be used clinically in dental and bone repair applications and tuned to quickly release their constituent ions.

Methods: Here, we created phosphate (P)- and borate (B)-based BG that also contained Li (LiPBG and LiBBG) and examined their ion release kinetics and the toxicity of their dissolution ions on mouse 17IA4 dental pulp cells. Read More

Cancer Biol Ther 2019 Apr 12:1-10. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

a Lifespan Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.

As a kinase at the crossroads of numerous metabolic and cell growth signaling pathways, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) is a highly desirable therapeutic target in cancer. Despite its involvement in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of several malignancies, no selective GSK-3β inhibitor has been approved for the treatment of cancer. The regulatory role of GSK-3β in apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis reflects the therapeutic relevance of this target and provides the rationale for drug combinations. Read More

Mol Pharm 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology , Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a widely confirmed target of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Herein, we reported a highly specific PTP1B inhibitor 2,2',3,3'-tetrabromo-4,4',5,5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane (compound 1), which showed promising hypoglycemic activity in diabetic BKS db mice. With the IC value of 2. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Apr;60(5):1478-1490

Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.

Purpose: In the eye, chronic hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) contributes to the development of a number of ocular disorders. H/R induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation that promotes inflammation, cell death, and disease progression. Here, we analyzed the protective effects of the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib in H/R-induced retina injury and investigated the signaling mechanisms involved. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

APHP, Service de Radiologie GHU PIFO pôle neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104 boulevard Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to describe muscle involvement on whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) scans in adults at different stages of glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII).

Methods: Fifteen patients aged 16 to 59 were examined on a 3T system. The examinations consisted of coronal and axial T1 weighted images or fat images from Dixon, and were scored for 47 muscles using Mercuri's classification. Read More

Front Physiol 2019 26;10:297. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.

Limited evidence exists regarding differentially expressed biomarkers between previously-trained low versus high hypertrophic responders in response to resistance training. Herein, 30 college-aged males (training age 5 ± 3 years; mean ± SD) partook in 6 weeks of high-volume resistance training. Body composition, right leg vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies, and blood were obtained prior to training (PRE) and at the 3-week (W3) and 6-week time points (W6). Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2019 26;11:62. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and massive loss of neuronal cells in the brain. Adult hippocampus continuously generates new neurons throughout life to shape brain function and impaired neurogenesis may contribute to a series of cognitive deterioration associated with AD. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis represents a promising strategy that may ameliorate AD-associated cognitive defects. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Apr 1;112:108715. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, University Road, Durban, 4000, South Africa. Electronic address:

Background: Dysregulation of glucose and glycogen metabolism are crucial mechanisms implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae) has been utilized as a traditional medicine in Africa and Asia for centuries and is commercially available as a dietary supplement. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Apr 1;112:108681. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of nephropathy, Wenling First People's Hospital, Wenling, 317500, China.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant medical problem worldwide. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the kidney is a major cause of AKI. However, the pathogenesis that contributes to renal I/R injury is still unclear. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 May 16;666:1071-1079. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.

To study adaptation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to hypoxic stress, we investigated physiological responses and lactate metabolism of the fish under acute hypoxia. The objectives of this study were to (a) observe changes in glucose, glycogen, and lactate content; (b) detect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, brain, heart, and liver tissues; and (c) quantify the dynamic gene expression of AMP activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), and lactate dehydrogenase-a (LDHa) following exposure to hypoxia. The fish were subjected to two hypoxia stresses (dissolved oxygen [DO] 1. Read More

PLoS One 2019 10;14(4):e0214610. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is over-expressed and hyperactivated in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and plays a role in ensuring the correct alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate during mitosis through regulation of microtubule stability. This makes the enzyme an attractive target for cancer therapy. We examined the effects of a selective cell-permeant GSK3 inhibitor (CHIR99021), used alone or in combination with paclitaxel, using an in vitro cell growth assay, a quantitative chromosome alignment assay, and a tumor xenograft model. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 8;24(7). Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Recently, nuclear translocation and stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) have gained increasing attention in the prevention of oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the regulatory role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition by tideglusib through the Nrf2 pathway in a cellular damage model. Gene silencing (siRNA-mediated) was performed to examine the responses of Nrf2-target genes (i. Read More

PLoS One 2019 9;14(4):e0213831. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Lymphatic vessels play an important role in health and in disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GSK3-β inhibition on lung lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition and silencing of GSK3-β resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis of lung lymphatic endothelial cells. Read More

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.

Musclin is a muscle-secreted cytokine that disrupts glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of musclin gene expression in response to treatment with palmitate. RNA sequencing results showed that biological processes activated by palmitate are mainly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Mar;23(6):2525-2531

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Objective:   Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are crucial to post-transcriptional regulation of the gene expression. Whether miR-26a affects respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonatal rats through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated in this study.

Patients And Methods: The neonatal rat model of RDS was established, and the expressions of miR-26a and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in RDS in neonatal rats and their correlation were analyzed. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Aug;14(8):1387-1393

Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Rehabilitation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intensities, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 04 8;10(1):1617. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.

Clear-cell carcinomas (CCCs) are a histological group of highly aggressive malignancies commonly originating in the kidney and ovary. CCCs are distinguished by aberrant lipid and glycogen accumulation and are refractory to a broad range of anti-cancer therapies. Here we identify an intrinsic vulnerability to ferroptosis associated with the unique metabolic state in CCCs. Read More