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Histochem Cell Biol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.

Correction to: Histochem Cell Biol (2016). Read More

MBio 2018 Dec 11;9(6). Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in maintaining the normal morphology of the cell wall and providing resistance against cell wall-damaging agents. Upon cell wall stress, cell wall-related sugars need to be synthesized from carbohydrate storage compounds. Here we show that this process is dependent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activity and regulated by the high-osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) MAPKs SakA and MpkC. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Dec 8;110:602-608. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China. Electronic address:

Background: Osteoblasts play important roles in the process of osteogenesis and prevention of osteonecrosis. Dexamethasone (Dex), a type of glucocorticoids (GCs), induces apoptosis of osteoblasts and leads to the occurrence of non-traumatic osteonecrosis. This study aimed to explore the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase 3 (PI3K/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) on Dex-induced osteoblasts apoptosis. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2019 ;1905:29-41

Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

This protocol showed procedures to isolate and expand small hepatocytes (SHs), as hepatocytic progenitor cells, from a rat liver. SHs are identified as a subpopulation of mature hepatocytes in a healthy liver. SHs can proliferate to form colonies in serum-free medium on hyaluronic acid-coated dishes, of which cells show CD44 positivity (CD44 SHs). Read More

Exp Suppl 2018 ;109:3-27

Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.

Metabolism is highly coordinated component of the cellular activity that involves sequential chemical transformations, within a so-called metabolic network. Through these coordinated actions, living organisms acquire energy and biosynthetic precursors to maintain cellular homeostasis and function. Metabolism relies on the breaking down of macromolecules to produce energy [catabolism] and/or intermediary metabolites that are then used to construct essential building blocks for macromolecule production [anabolism]. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in erythropoiesis and glycolysis. Phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K) is activated by numerous genes and leads to protein kinase B (Akt) binding to the cell membrane, with the help of phosphoinositide‑dependent kinase, in the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Threonine and serine phosphorylation contribute to Akt translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further mediates enzymatic biological effects, including those involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, cell migration, vesicle transport and cell cancerous transformation. Read More

Endocrinology 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Obesity and an unhealthy nutrition are on the rise and affect also women in childbearing age and hence, during pregnancy. Despite normal or even high birth weight the offspring suffers from long term metabolic risks. We hypothesized that fetal growth is disturbed during different intrauterine phases. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 26;9:1674. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

This study is the first systematic comparison of the biochemical composition and nutritional quality between diploid and triploid Hong Kong oysters, . Results showed that in the reproductive season, the glycogen content in five tissues (gill, mantle, adductor muscle, labial palps and gonad) was significantly higher ( < 0.05) in triploids than in diploids, with odds ratios (ORs) of 96. Read More

Heliyon 2018 Nov 26;4(11):e00971. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Education College of Medicine, Osaka, 530-0047, Japan.

Aims: The present study was conducted to explore the effect of interleukin-33 (IL-33) on glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation involving Tau phosphorylation, a critical causative factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Main Methods: Experiments were performed using PC-12 cells. Target proteins were knocked-down by transfecting with the siRNA for each protein. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 7;2018:4526352. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Various diseases are being treated with medicinal plants and that is because of the less side effects of the current therapy. The diversity of plants in Armenia is due to the singularity of natural environment. Read More

Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018 14;22(6):421-428. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.

Among the triad spinning units for capture thread producing system in the orb-web spiders, aqueous gluey substances are produced from two pairs of aggregate silk glands (ASG). Although biochemical analysis of glue substance is produced by way of their passage through the ASG, its structural modifications in the nodular area have been nearly neglected till now. This paper focused on identifying the fine structural characteristics of the aggregate nodules in the golden orb-web spider using both of light and transmission electron microscopes. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2018 14;11:8107-8115. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

The Institute of Audiology and Speech Science of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China,

Background: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has multiple biological functions. It is currently considered that FSH can inhibit cervical cancer, and our aim was to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: An in vivo experiment using nude mice injected with HeLa cells was performed. Read More

Curr Sports Med Rep 2018 Dec;17(12):444-453

Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", Rome, ITALY.

Priorities for every athlete include improving endurance performance, optimizing training, nutrition, and recovery. Nutritional strategies are crucial to support athletes to perform at the highest level, and considering that muscular and hepatic glycogen stores are limited, alternative strategies to maximize fat metabolism have been suggested. A ketogenic diet has been proposed as a possible method of providing metabolic fuel during prolonged periods of exercise. Read More

Aquat Toxicol 2018 Nov 30;207:72-82. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Drive, Pine Bluff, 71601, AR, USA. Electronic address:

Waterborne ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. However, ammonia induced toxicity as well as compensatory mechanisms to defend against high environmental ammonia (HEA) are not well documented at present for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a high value fish for culture and sport fisheries in the United States. To provide primary information on the sensitivity of this species to ammonia toxicity, a 96 h-LC test was conducted. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2018 Dec 3;163:394-402. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address:

Current healthcare has significantly increased the average life expectancy, leading to a consequently greater incidence of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Following a multitarget approach, in this paper a series of polycyclic maleimide-based derivatives were designed and synthesized aimed at simultaneously modulate neuronal calcium channels and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3β), validated targets to combat Alzheimer' disease. Different structural modifications were performed on the polycyclic scaffold in order to investigate the structure-activity relationships and compound 10 emerged as a promising non-toxic lead compound, endowed with calcium modulating brain-addressed properties and significant GSK-3β inhibitory activity. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Dec 5;110:449-455. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

BIT&GS Technologies Co. Ltd., PR China. Electronic address:

The extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperglycemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated using the KK-A mice. Read More

J Hazard Mater 2018 Dec 3;366:329-337. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. Electronic address:

The relationship between benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation and certain target biomolecules has been investigated. To regulate the degradation process, the associated metabolism network must be clarified. To this end, benzo(a)pyrene degradation, carbon substrate metabolism and exometabolomic mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis were analyzed. Read More

Alcohol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington VA Health Care System, Research & Development, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40502, USA. Electronic address:

Developmental exposure to ethanol may cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), and immature central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to ethanol. In addition to the developing brain, we previously showed that ethanol also caused neuroapoptosis, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. Minocycline is an antibiotic that inhibits microglial activation and alleviates neuroinflammation. Read More

J Chem Neuroanat 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.

Glutamatergic neurons are widely distributed in gray matter across the four segments of the pigeon spinal cord. Postsynaptic neurons containing ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), however, have been elucidated in only some AMPA subunits. This study examined the localization of postsynaptic neurons having three types of iGluRs in the pigeon spinal cord. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address:

Alcoholic ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis are life-threatening complications that share the characteristic features of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Ketoacidosis is attributed in part to the massive release of ketone bodies (e.g. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. Electronic address:

Many cell death regulators physically or functionally interact with metabolic enzymes. These interactions provide insights into mechanisms of anticancer treatments from the perspective of tumor cell metabolism and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that zinc and p53 not only induce tumor cell apoptosis, but also regulate tumor cell metabolism. Read More

Nutr Res 2018 Dec 19;60:77-86. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; The Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan. Electronic address:

Although a ketogenic diet (KD) is used to treat various metabolic diseases, the organ-specific metabolic changes that occur in response to a KD remain unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that duration of KD consumption and regular exercise in addition to KD consumption affect metabolic fuel selection at gene levels in heart and skeletal muscle. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 2 groups, one fed a standard diet and the other fed a KD, and maintained for either 4 weeks (short term) or 12 weeks (long term). Read More

Hum Gene Ther 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) , 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, P.R. China , Wuhan, China , 430030 ;

Myostatin, a negative modulator of muscle growth, has been considered as a potential target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In our previous work, we found that myostatin inhibition by adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated gene delivery of myostatin propeptide (MPRO) could improve muscle mass and achieve therapeutic effects on glucose regulation and lipid metabolism in db/db mice. In this study, we investigated whether pre-intervention of rAAV-mediated expression of MPRO could lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Read More

Mol Pharm 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Many novel vaginal/rectal microbicides formulations failed clinically due to safety concerns, indicating the need for the early investigation of lead microbicide formulations. In this study, the preclinical safety of an HIV-1 gp120 and mannose responsive microbicide delivery system (MRP) is evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. MRP was engineered through the layer-by-layer coating of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) and glycogen. Read More

Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address:

Bscl2 mice recapitulate many of the major metabolic manifestations in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) individuals, including lipodystrophy, hepatosteatosis, muscular hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. Metabolic defects in Bscl2 mice with regard to glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle have never been investigated. Here, we identified Bscl2 mice displayed reduced intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) content but increased glycogen storage predominantly in oxidative type I soleus muscle (SM). Read More

Exp Mol Med 2018 Dec 5;50(12):158. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, 400038, ChongQing, China.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pathological condition associated with osteopenia. WNT/β-catenin signaling is implicated in this process. Trabecular and cortical bone respond differently to WNT/β-catenin signaling in healthy mice. Read More

J Exp Biol 2018 Dec 5;221(Pt 23). Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1.

Many fish experience daily cycles of hypoxia in the wild, but the physiological strategies for coping with intermittent hypoxia are poorly understood. We examined how killifish adjust O supply and demand during acute hypoxia, and how these responses are altered after prolonged acclimation to constant or intermittent patterns of hypoxia exposure. We acclimated killifish to normoxia (∼20 kPa O), constant hypoxia (2 kPa) or intermittent cycles of nocturnal hypoxia (12 h:12 h normoxia:hypoxia) for 28 days, and then compared whole-animal O consumption rates ( ) and tissue metabolites during exposure to 12 h of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation in normoxia. Read More

J Anim Sci 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of methionine restriction (MR) on growth performance, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic and muscle glucose metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) pigs at 49 and 105 days of age. At weaning (day 21), 30 female normal birth weight (NBW) piglets were fed control diets with adequate methionine (NBW-CON), whereas 60 female IUGR piglets were fed either the control diets (IUGR-CON) or MR diets which were 30% reduced in methionine (IUGR-MR) (n=6 replicates (pens) with 5 piglets/replicate). At 49 and 105 days of age, one pig with a body weight near to the mean of each replication was selected for biochemical analysis. Read More

Magn Reson Med 2018 Dec 2. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Purpose: CEST MRI allows for indirect detection of molecules with exchangeable protons, measured as a reduction in water signal because of continuous transfer of saturated protons. CEST requires saturation pulses on the order of a second, as well as repeated acquisitions at different offset frequencies. The resulting extended scan time makes CEST susceptible to subject motion, which introduces field inhomogeneity, shifting offset frequencies and causing distortions in CEST spectra that resemble true CEST effects. Read More

mSystems 2018 Nov-Dec;3(6). Epub 2018 Nov 20.

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae poses a great threat to global food security. During its conidiation (asexual spore formation) and appressorium (infecting structure) formation, autophagy is induced, serving glycogen breakdown or programmed cell death function, both essential for pathogenicity. Recently, we identified an M. Read More

Data Brief 2018 Dec 31;21:1750-1755. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Myopia is generally regarded as a failure of normal emmetropization process, however, its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Retinal protein profile changes using integrated SWATH and MRM-HR MS were studied in guinea pigs at 3- and 21-days of age, where the axial elongation was significantly detected. Differential proteins expressions were identified, and related to pathways which are important in postnatal development in retina, proliferation, breakdown of glycogen-energy and visual phototransduction. Read More

Eur J Histochem 2018 Nov 30;62(4). Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy with limited treatment options and low survival rates. The intrahepatic subtype comprises two forms: mucin-iCCA and mixed-iCCA. Epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple (EGFL7) is overexpressed in less differentiated liver tumors. Read More

J Proteomics 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address:

Adenovirus Delta-24-RGD has shown a remarkable efficacy in a phase I clinical trial for glioblastoma. Delta-24-RGD induces autophagy in glioma cells, however, the molecular derangements associated with Delta-24-RGD infection remains poorly understood. Here, proteomics was applied to characterize the glioma metabolic disturbances soon after Delta-24-RGD internalization and late in infection. Read More

EBioMedicine 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland. Electronic address:

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis. In neurons, GSK3β contributes to the control of neuronal transmission and plasticity, but its role in epilepsy remains to be defined.

Methods: Biochemical and electrophysiological methods were used to assess the role of GSK3β in regulating neuronal transmission and epileptogenesis. Read More

Mol Metab 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Objective: Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate whole body energy metabolism, skeletal muscle mass, and substrate switching. FOXO1 and FOXO3 are highly abundant transcription factors, but their precise role in skeletal muscle metabolism has not been fully elucidated.

Methods: To elucidate the role of FOXO in skeletal muscle, dominant negative (dn) constructs for FOXO1 (FOXO1dn) or FOXO3 (FOXO3dn) were transfected by electroporation into mouse tibialis anterior muscle and glucose uptake, signal transduction, and gene expression profiles were assessed after an oral glucose tolerance test. Read More

Toxicol Sci 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Disruption of epithelial cell-cell junctions is essential for the initiation and perpetuation of airway inflammation in asthma. We've previously reported compromised epithelial barrier integrity in a toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced occupational asthma model. This study is aimed to explore the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the dysfunction of adherens junctions in TDI-induced asthma. Read More

Food Funct 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India.

Globally, non-small cell lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and about 40% of these cancers are detected in the metastatic stage. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role during malignant transformation, and the extracellular matrix component, fibronectin (FN), is a known inducer of invasion and metastasis. Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a bioactive component of garlic, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities including the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion. Read More

J Anat 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil.

The fish heart ventricle has varied morphology and may have a specific morpho-functional design in species adapted to extreme environmental conditions. In general, the Amazonian ichthyofauna undergoes constant variations in water temperature, pH and oxygen saturation, which makes these species useful for investigations of cardiac morphology. Arapaima gigas, a member of the ancient teleost group Osteoglossomorpha, is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 12 4;9(1):5154. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.

Mutant KRas is a significant driver of human oncogenesis and confers resistance to therapy, underscoring the need to develop approaches that disable mutant KRas-driven tumors. Because targeting KRas directly has proven difficult, identifying vulnerabilities specific for mutant KRas tumors is an important alternative approach. Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is required for the in vitro and in vivo growth and survival of human mutant KRas-dependent tumors but is dispensable for mutant KRas-independent tumors. Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018 Dec 4;37(1):300. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1), a transmembrane protein, functions as an oncoprotein in many cancer types. However, its role and underlying molecular mechanism in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) progression remain unclear.

Methods: In the present study, the expression of TSPAN1 in human CCA and adjacent nontumor tissues was examined using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Read More

BMC Plant Biol 2018 Dec 4;18(1):330. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.

Background: The glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy kinase (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase with important roles in animals. Although GSK3 genes have been studied for more than 30 years, plant GSK genes have been studied only since the last decade. Previous research has confirmed that plant GSK genes are involved in diverse processes, including floral development, brassinosteroid signaling, and responses to abiotic stresses. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2018 Dec 1;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.

Background: plants produce glycoalkaloids (GAs) that affect various physiological processes of herbivorous insects and they are being tested as potential alternatives for synthetic pesticides. They cause lethal and sublethal effects. Nevertheless, their mode of action remains unclear. Read More

Aging Cell 2018 Dec 3:e12863. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) regulates essential processes including development, metabolism, and aging. The Drosophila genome encodes eight insulin/IGF-like peptide (dilp) paralogs, including tandem-encoded dilp1 and dilp2. Many reports show that longevity is increased by manipulations that decrease DILP2 levels. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a serine/threonine kinase whose dysfunction results in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-like pathology, including tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the mechanisms whereby GRK5 influences tau phosphorylation remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we showed that GRK5 influenced the phosphorylation of tau via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Read More

Food Sci Nutr 2018 Nov 18;6(8):2386-2394. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province School of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan China.

Chinese rice wine (CRW) is widely known for keeping good health and commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine prescription guiding drug. This study assesses the effects of CRW on antifatigue and antiaging activities in mice models. Mice were randomly divided into four groups performing with 0. Read More

Pol J Pathol 2018 ;69(3):226-233

Two middle-aged females presented with a mass located in the lateral quadrant of the breast. Both patients received modified radical surgery for breast cancer, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and have been living without evidence of disease for more than one year. Under the microscope, we observed that the tumour cells were organised in a solid nest-like or leafy distribution and comprised sebaceous gland cells and oval or fusiform cells. Read More

Drug Des Devel Ther 2018 25;12:3573-3582. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China,

Background: Asiatic acid is a reported glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor derived from the tropical medicinal plant and exhibits myocardial protection both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of asiatic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the modulation of glycometabolism in cardiomyocyte.

Materials And Methods: The rats were subjected to MI/R with or without asiatic acid pretreatment. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 29;51(4):1533-1543. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,

Background/aims: Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells could be an important cell source for hepatocyte transplantation. The present study investigated the effect of retaining mTeSR1 medium during hepatic differentiation on hepatocyte-like cells in vitro.

Methods: Human embryonic stem cell line H1 were treated with activin A and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) for definitive endoderm (DE) cell induction and subsequently treated with BMP2 and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) for early hepatic cell induction. Read More