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Ocul Surf 2022 04 2;24:83-92. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Electronic address:

Drug induced cicatrizing conjunctivitis (DICC) is defined as a disease in which conjunctival cicatrization develops as a response to the chronic use of inciting topical and, rarely, systemic medications. DICC accounts for up to one third of cases of pseudopemphigoid, a large group of cicatrizing conjunctival diseases sharing similar clinical features to those of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) but generally without the morbidity of progressive scarring or the need for systemic immunosuppression. The preservatives in topical anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) are the most frequently implicated inciting causes of DICC although topical antivirals, vasoconstrictors and mydriatics and some systemic drugs have been implicated. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jan 25;15(1). Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Department of Glaucoma, Institut Català de la Retina (ICR), Barcelona, Spain.

Sulfonamides have been related to drug-induced acute angle closure of the eye, but scarce reports exist concerning furosemide. We describe the second case of acute chamber narrowing (ACN) during furosemide exposure. A 65-year-old man with a renal transplant presented with ACN, after 3 months of furosemide intake. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Nov 22;22:e934432. Epub 2021 Nov 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma is an uncommon ocular emergency that may follow the administration of certain topical and systemic medications. Acute angle closure can be triggered by various classes of drugs, including adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, and serotonergic medications. Here, we report a rare case of drug-induced acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to olanzapine. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Nov 4;21(1):386. Epub 2021 Nov 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Background: Indapamide, a sulfonamide diuretic used to treat hypertension, has been reported to have ocular side effects of acute angle-closure glaucoma, transient myopia and choroidal effusion whose immediate etiology is uncertain. This report aims to clarify the nature of indapamide-induced edema of the entire eyeball using multimodal imaging.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old woman who was following a long-term carbohydrate-restricted diet and receiving oral treatment for hypertension was referred to our department for eye pain. Read More

Front Neurosci 2021 6;15:676579. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Berlin Cures GmbH, Berlin, Germany.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) and glaucoma (PEXG) are assumed to be caused by a generalized elastosis leading to the accumulation of PEX material in ocular as well as in extraocular tissues. The exact pathophysiology of PEXS is still elusive. PEXG, the most common type of secondary open-angle glaucoma (OAG), is characterized by large peaks of intraocular pressure (IOP) with a progressive loss of the visual field. Read More

J Glaucoma 2021 10;30(10):895-901

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.

Background: Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of secondary glaucoma (SG) in China. This study analyzed the current profile of admitted patients with SG at the largest ophthalmic center in China.

Methods: SG cases were retrieved retrospectively by International Classification of Disease-10 clinical coding data from January 2010 to December 2019. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021 Sep 17;23:101152. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Purpose: We present a case of acute onset of bilateral choroidal effusions leading to angle closure glaucoma attributed to multiple mechanism of actions causing ciliary body and aqueous flow disruption in the setting of topical glaucoma therapy with latanoprost, brimonidine 0.2%, and Brinzolamide 0.1%. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Jun 30;10(13). Epub 2021 Jun 30.

Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Through the years, the available psychopharmacological treatments have expanded with numerous new drugs. Besides weight gain, gastro-intestinal problems or Parkinson-like symptoms, ocular adverse effects of psychiatric drugs have been reported. These adverse effects are not common, but can be dangerous for the patient. Read More

BMC Med Genomics 2021 04 19;14(1):109. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.

Background: Drug-induced glaucoma (DIG) is a kind of serious adverse drug reaction that can cause irreversible blindness. Up-to-date, the molecular mechanism of DIG largely remains unclear yet due to the medical complexity of glaucoma onset.

Methods: In this study, we conducted data mining of tremendous historical adverse drug events and genome-wide drug-regulated gene signatures to identify glaucoma-associated drugs. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 23;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Ophthalmology, Epsom and Saint Helier Hospital NHS Trust, Carshalton, Sutton, UK.

In this case study, we explore a case of bilateral acute angle closure (AAC) attack detected in a 52-year-old female patient with no other ophthalmic background or predisposition to angle closure, following an increase of her regular sumatriptan dose used for migraine relief. Even though the initial presentation was misinterpreted as migraine attack, it nevertheless alerted the treating physicians to immediate cessation of the drug, allowing for the pertinent ocular symptomatology to be unveiled. Drug-induced bilateral AAC is a rare occurrence and can lead to significant ocular morbidity if not detected and treated early. Read More

CNS Drugs 2021 03 19;35(3):283-289. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

This article provides a practical review of the diagnosis and management of angle closure induced by psychotropic agents, including tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and antipsychotics may trigger angle closure by influencing pupil configuration through adrenergic, anticholinergic, serotonergic or dopaminergic mechanisms. Patients with narrow iridocorneal angles are at risk, and these are more common in people with hypermetropia (near-sightedness), older people and individuals with an Asian background. Read More

Yakugaku Zasshi 2021 ;141(1):35-39

Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University.

Eyedrops often contain additives other than active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as preservatives. The most frequently used preservative is benzalkonium chloride (BAC). When the ocular surface is exposed to eyedrops, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and additives can cause corneal epithelial disorder. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2020 Dec 17;20(1):489. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

Background: Anterior uveitis secondary to topical brimonidine administration is rare and not well-defined. In glaucoma patients using brimonidine, one must consider this phenomenon to avoid mis-diagnosis and over-treatment with topical steroids which in turn may increase intraocular pressure (IOP). This is the largest case series including the longest patient follow-up in the current literature. Read More

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2020 Nov 3;10(1):30. Epub 2020 Nov 3.

Ophthalmology, The Alfred Hospital, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: To investigate a possible association between glaucoma and the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the Australian population.

Methods: A retrospective review of Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data was undertaken from July 2012 to December 2016, inclusive. Three patient groups were compared: those on both topical intraocular pressure (IOP) -lowering medication and ART, those on ART only, and those on IOP-lowering medication only, using the 2016 Australian resident population to estimate prevalence. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 12 30;163(6):1274-1280. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Objectives: To use computer-assisted quantitative measurements of upper airway changes during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to correlate these parameters with disease severities and physiologic changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA).

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary academic medical center. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2020 Jul 1;95(7):334-344. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia, ICOF, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, España; Institut Oftalmològic Integral. Grup Admiravisión, Barcelona, España.

Introduction: The use of cytostatic drugs such as Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil is well-known in glaucoma filtering surgery, as well as the management of its complications. However, there is a lack of information regarding the preventive measures to be taken by the professional that handles these types of substances.

Objective: Raise awareness among professionals of the risks associated with the use of cytostatic drugs without adequate prevention measures. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Nov 29;29(7-8):1366-1369. Epub 2020 May 29.

NeURos Research Group, Escuela De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

: To report a case of a drug-induced anterior uveitis secondary to the use ofintracameral moxifloxacin.: A 64-year-old Colombian male patient presented with severe ocular pain and photophobia in his left eye 15 days after cataract surgery. In the ophthalmology and glaucoma specialist evaluation, pigment dispersion in the anterior chamber and camerular angle, severe anterior segment inflammation, and elevated intraocular pressure were observed. Read More

J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2019 Sep-Dec;13(3):104-109

Department of Ophthalmology, UCI Health Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Aim: Our goal is to review current literature regarding drug-induced acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and provide ophthalmologists and general practitioners with a thorough understanding of inciting medications and treatment pitfalls to be avoided.

Background: Drug-induced AACG is an ophthalmological emergency that ophthalmologists and general practitioners should be familiar with, given its potentially blinding consequences. Common anatomical risk factors for AACG include a shallow anterior chamber depth, short axial length, plateau iris configuration, thick lens, anteriorly positioned lens, and rarely, intraocular tumor. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2020 ;136(2):107-116

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia.

Glaucoma is seen as a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by optical neuropathy with associated visual field loss; one of the main risk factors for its development is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In the case of drug-induced glaucoma (DIG), patients develop elevated IOP, optic neuropathy and visual field defects associated with the use of certain drugs. Corticosteroids are one of the most well-known classes of drugs that can cause an increase in IOP through the open-angle mechanism. Read More

Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020 Apr 10;10(4). Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Ocular inflammation is one of the most prevalent diseases in ophthalmology, which can affect various parts of the eye or the surrounding tissues. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, are commonly used to treat ocular inflammation in the form of eye-drops. However, their bioavailability in ocular tissues is very low (less than 5%). Read More

Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020 Jun 6;39(2):75-82. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

We examined the effects of travoprost on cell proliferation-related signals and E-cadherin expression and in order to obtain evidence to support the hypothesis that topical travoprost impairs the integrity of the corneal epithelium. A human corneal epithelial cell culture was treated with travoprost (0.4 mg/ml) and/or PD168393 (an EGF receptor inhibitor, 10 μM). Read More

Birth Defects Res 2020 03 14;112(5):404-417. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: Previous studies suggested associations between maternal smoking, a source of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other chemicals, and central nervous system and face birth defects; however, no previous studies have evaluated maternal occupational PAH exposure itself.

Methods: Jobs held in the periconceptional period were retrospectively assigned for occupational PAH exposures. Associations between maternal occupational PAH exposure and selected rare defects of the face (cataracts, microphthalmia, glaucoma, microtia, and choanal atresia) and central nervous system (holoprosencephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, and Dandy-Walker malformation) were evaluated using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a population-based case-control study in the United States. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Nov 4;19(1):213. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.

Background: To report five cases of acute drug-induced angle closure and transient myopia with ciliochoroidal effusion and to analyze angiographic findings of these cases.

Methods: This study is an observational case series. Five patients with acute drug-induced angle closure and transient myopia with ciliochoroidal effusion were examined by fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Read More

Australas J Dermatol 2020 Feb 6;61(1):e91-e93. Epub 2019 Sep 6.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.

Induction of psoriasis following administration of beta blocker containing eye drops has rarely been documented. We report eight cases of psoriasis triggered by timolol eye drops. Since the clinical and histopathological features of this drug reaction are indistinguishable from those of idiopathic psoriasis, a thorough drug history should be taken in all patients, especially elderly ones, with recent onset of psoriasis. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019 May 21;8(3):47. Epub 2019 Jun 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the glaucoma drugs latanoprost, brimonidine, and the combination of both on the central corneal temperature (CT) of healthy subjects by means of infrared thermography. Changes of the central CT may reflect changes of ocular blood flow.

Methods: Before application and during 2 hours after the application of latanoprost, brimonidine, or the combination of both in one eye, the CT in both eyes of 40 healthy subjects was measured repeatedly. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 4;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Carteolol, a non-selective beta-antagonist with a potential risk of severe bronchial constriction in patients with asthma, is one of the most commonly prescribed medication for managing ocular pressure in glaucoma. We present a case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of atopy but no known asthma who presented an insidious onset of clinical manifestations compatible with drug-induced asthma after the initiation of carteolol for ocular hypertension control. The patient developed progressive chest tightness and dyspnoea for 2 months before the pulmonary function test revealed a positive bronchoprovocation response. Read More

Adv Gerontol 2019 ;32(5):781-786

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, 2/1 Barrikadnaya str., Moscow 125993, Russian Federation, e-mail:

The article presents the literature and original data on the problems of falls in elderly patients. The connection of the fact of falling with initiation of therapy by a number of drugs known to have a negative impact on the risk of falling is considered. The article presents data on the frequency and structure of falls on the example of patients with cardiovascular diseases older than 75 years, treated in a multidisciplinary hospital. Read More