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Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 01 14;1:CD005431. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Special Surgery-Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13046, Amman, Jordan.

Background: Traumatic hyphema is the entry of blood into the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and iris) subsequent to a blow or a projectile striking the eye. Hyphema uncommonly causes permanent loss of vision. Associated trauma (e. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 May-Aug;11(2):172-174

Vitreo-Retina Services, Bharti Eye Foundation and Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Glaucoma drainage devices are mostly used for refractory glaucoma. Early postoperative complications include flat anterior chamber, choroidal effusion, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. An 8-year-old male patient with a prior history of vitreous surgery for traumatic vitreous hemorrhage, presented to us with angle recession glaucoma in his right eye. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2016 15;8(10):4025-4039. Epub 2016 Oct 15.

Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the ocular surface health status in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients switching from topical application of preserved latanoprost (LT) to preservative-free tafluprost (PFT) by tear proteomic monitoring. Tear fluid of POAG patients showing dry eye symptoms, using LT and switching to PFT as well as tear fluid of healthy controls has been examined. Tear proteome dynamics was monitored over 24 weeks in a first mass spectrometric explorative analysis in a small POAG patient cohort ( = 3). Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016 Dec 11;44(9):768-775. Epub 2016 Jul 11.

The Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: To compare the agreement between peak intraocular pressures measured through the water drinking test and the supine test, in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Design: Consecutive, prospective, blinded.

Participants: Twenty-one patients from the Glaucoma Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2016 May-Jun;61(3):297-308. Epub 2015 Nov 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Insitute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Medical Retina Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address:

Traumatic hyphemas present dilemmas to physicians. There are numerous controversies pertaining to the optimal approach to traumatic hyphema and no standardized guidelines for its management. We address some of these controversies and present a pragmatic approach. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2015 18;8(4):709-13. Epub 2015 Aug 18.

Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.

Aim: To obtain widening of a potentially occludable angle, in according to Kanski's indications, through preventive Nd:Yag laser iridotomy. The observational study was performed by using gonioscopy for the selection and follow-up of 1165 treated eyes and exploiting Shaffer-Etienne gonioscopic classification as a quality/quantity test of the angle recession.

Methods: Between September 2000 and July 2012, 586 patients were selected at the Outpatients' Ophthalmological Clinic of the Policlinico Umberto I of Rome in order to undergo Nd: Yag laser iridotomy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2015 Aug 4;2015. Epub 2015 Aug 4.

Dr RP Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

A 24-year-old man was referred to the glaucoma clinic of our tertiary eye care centre in view of uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in the left eye despite maximal medication. The patient had undergone left eye cosmetic squint surgery 1 month before (medial rectus resection 9 mm and lateral rectus recession 12 mm) for congenital third nerve palsy. Post-squint surgery, the patient developed pain and was being managed symptomatically. Read More

GMS Ophthalmol Cases 2015 28;5:Doc15. Epub 2015 Dec 28.

Glaucoma Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Patia, Bhubaneswar, India.

An 18-year-old male with 360 degree angle recession after blunt trauma in his right eye developed uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) despite four antiglaucoma medications (AGM) with advancing disc damage. He underwent trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin-c (MMC) application. There was an intraoperative vitreous prolapse which was managed accordingly. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2015 Feb 18;35(1):107-13. Epub 2014 Dec 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, 19 Eastern Hospital Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.

This study aims to determine the incidence of angle recession and glaucoma after traumatic microhyphema. Records of all patients treated for traumatic hyphema or microhyphema admitted to a district hospital throughout a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with open-globe injury were excluded. Read More

Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014 Aug;30(4):261-3

Objective: To compare the agreement of anterior chamber angle examination by ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM), slit lamp optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT), and gonioscopy in angle recession and angle closure.

Methods: The anterior chamber angle was measured with UBM, SL-OCT and gonioscopy in turns for temporal, nasal, superior and inferior quadrant in the same dark room. The results were compared with the agreement of the three methods in angle recession and angle closure by χ2 test and Kappa test. Read More

J Glaucoma 2016 Mar;25(3):e170-4

Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To investigate causes and treatment modalities of traumatic glaucoma after open-globe injury (OGI).

Materials And Methods: The medical records of all patients with postrepair follow-up of OGI at a tertiary care university hospital from January 1996 to December 2010 were reviewed. These patients had persistent elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of >21 mm Hg at 2 consecutive visits, with or without optic disc damages. Read More

Digit J Ophthalmol 2014 1;20(1):1-3. Epub 2014 Jan 1.

Conquest Hospital, Hastings, United Kingdom.

We report a patient with traumatic glaucoma with features of unilateral pigment dispersion. This rare form of secondary glaucoma has only been reported twice previously, with both patients demonstrating angle recession, indicating associated damage to the trabecular meshwork. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in which angle recession was absent. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 3(12):CD005431. Epub 2013 Dec 3.

Department of Special Surgery-Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13046, Amman, Jordan.

Background: Traumatic hyphema is the entry of blood into the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and iris) subsequent to a blow or a projectile striking the eye. Hyphema uncommonly causes permanent loss of vision. Associated trauma (e. Read More

Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2013 Apr;117(4):364-70

Department of Ophthalmology, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka-fu 573-1191, Japan.

Background: Ring melanoma, a malignant melanoma which infiltrates over 180 degrees degrees of the ciliary body is very rare in Japan. We report a case of ring melanoma found while treating treatment of traumatic glaucoma with an ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM).

Case: A 44-year old woman presented with high intraocular pressure after blunt trauma in her left eye. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2013 30;7:219-27. Epub 2013 Jan 30.

Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Several studies have confirmed the ability of cannabinoids to reduce intraocular pressure. Experimental data recently demonstrated unequivocally that the analgesic effect of paracetamol is due to its indirect action on cannabinoid receptors. The question then arises as to whether paracetamol can reduce intraocular pressure via its effect on intraocular cannabinoid receptors. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2012 18;5(4):530-4. Epub 2012 Aug 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Aim: To report various ocular injuries caused by durian fruit.

Methods: Three cases of ocular injuries were described in young patients, due to accidental fall of durian fruit on the forehead and face, while they were taking rest/sleeping /playing under the durian tree.

Results: The ocular injuries observed were lacerating injury of cornea with iris incarceration, hyphema, superficial penetrating injury of sclera and angle recession glaucoma in the right eye of first patient; lacerating injury of cornea with iris prolapse in the left eye of second patient; subconjunctival haemorrhage, traumatic mydriasis and superficial penetrating injury of sclera, commotion retinopathy and macular edema in the left eye of third patient. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2011 Aug;124(15):2316-20

Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.

Background: Intractable secondary glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment is difficult to treat. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combined trabeculectomy and vitrectomy for intractable glaucoma with severe ocular contusion involving the posterior segment.

Methods: This retrospective interventional study enrolled 18 eyes from 18 consecutive cases with uncontrolled intraocular pressure, angle recession exceeding 180°, dense vitreous hemorrhage, and/or limited retinal detachment after severe ocular contusion. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012 May 20;250(5):779-80. Epub 2011 May 20.

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011 Jul 15;52(8):5157-66. Epub 2011 Jul 15.

WESMD Professional Association, Madison Square Building, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Purpose: Ballistic studies were conducted using gelatin-embedded abattoir-fresh porcine eyes suspended within clear acrylic orbits to discern the energy required to produce specific ocular injuries. Paintball impact provides a robust ballistic model for isolating and quantifying the role of direct blunt force in ocular trauma.

Methods: Fifty-nine porcine orbital preparations received direct blows from 0. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Jan 19(1):CD005431. Epub 2011 Jan 19.

Department of Special Surgery-Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 13046, Amman, Jordan.

Background: Traumatic hyphema is the entry of blood into the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and iris) subsequent to a blow or a projectile striking the eye. Hyphema uncommonly causes permanent loss of vision. Associated trauma (e. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2010 May-Jun;20(3):584-9

Department of Surgery, Anaesthestics, Radiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica - West Indies.

Purpose: To determine the outcome of patients with hyphema secondary to ocular contusion.

Method: A retrospective review of the ophthalmic records of 44 consecutive patients with traumatic hyphema secondary to ocular trauma presenting to the Eye Clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies between May 2004 and November 2007.

Results: The mean age was 21 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 16. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2009 Mar-Apr;19(2):201-6

Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao - China.

Purpose: To study the cause, treatment, and cure of traumatic secondary glaucoma in 103 cases (103 eyes).

Methods: The records of 103 patients (103 eyes) were reviewed. Causes of the high intraocular pressure (IOP) were analyzed according to the time after trauma. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2009 Mar-Apr;57(2):153-4

Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QU, United Kingdom.

A 45-year-old male presented with intractable glaucoma following 360-degree angle recession after blunt trauma. He underwent an uncomplicated trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC). Adequate precautions were taken to reduce the chances of sudden lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). Read More

Pol J Vet Sci 2008 ;11(4):377-83

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 14 Oczapowskiego Street, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.

Angle-recession glaucoma, being a consequence of blunt injury of an eyeball, is likely to develop in both a short or very distant period. The likelihood of the incidence of that condition in the clinical form is determined by the extent of injuries of ciliary cleft structures, especially of a trabecular meshwork. The manuscript reports a case of an early glaucoma secondary to a blunt injury of an eyeball with symptoms of angle recession to 300 degrees of periphery and intraocular pressure (IOP) at a level of 62 mmHg. Read More

Arch Ophthalmol 2008 Jul;126(7):921-6

Glaucoma Research Facility and Clinical Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.

Objective: To prospectively analyze the clinical and ultrasonographic biomicroscopy (UBM) features in eyes with closed globe injury, at the initial examination, that would predict the occurrence of chronic traumatic glaucoma during a 6-month follow-up.

Methods: Forty consecutive eyes with closed globe injury and a chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 21 mm Hg for a minimum of 3 months were diagnosed as having traumatic glaucoma and compared with 52 eyes with closed globe injury and no evidence of glaucoma.

Results: The median grade of trabecular pigmentation on gonioscopy in eyes with traumatic glaucoma was 3 compared with 2 in eyes without glaucoma (P = . Read More

Ghana Med J 2007 Dec;41(4):176-80

Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

Summary Background: Trabeculectomy is the commonest surgical procedure for glaucoma. The outcome of trabeculectomy in the treatment of all types of glaucoma over a 4-year period in a Nigerian population was reviewed.

Objective: To determine the surgical rate and effectiveness of trabeculectomy in lowering of intra ocular pressure (IOP) and preservation of visual acuity. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 2007 Sep;33(9):1664-5

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

A 35-year-old man presented with traumatic iritis, angle-recession glaucoma, and a retinal dialysis secondary to blunt trauma from a Taser gun in the right eye and a unique electrical cataract in the left eye. Taser guns, which can also function as stun guns, can lead to electrical cataract formation. Given the increasing use of Taser guns by law enforcement and citizens, blunt mechanical and electrical sequelae of Taser gun injuries should be recognized. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2007 Apr;91(4):500-4

Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.

Aim: To report a preliminary study on the safety and efficacy of the use of a cheese-wire suture in trabeculectomy.

Patients And Methods: The case notes of 32 eyes of 25 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy with cheese-wire suture at Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK, between July 2001 and September 2002 were studied retrospectively. Diagnoses included primary open angle glaucoma (n = 24), normal tension glaucoma (n = 3), angle closure glaucoma (n = 2), ocular hypertension (n = 1), angle recession glaucoma (n = 1) and combined mechanism glaucoma (n = 1). Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2007 Feb;30(2):200-8

Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Dijon, Hôpital Général, Dijon, France.

The occurrence of hypertonia during a surgically treated retinal disease is frequent because these disorders often involve the same population of patients. The main cause of postoperative hypertonia remains a preoperative unknown glaucoma. Hypertonia occurring before the treatment of a retinal detachment can result from angle recession glaucoma, ghost cell glaucoma, or Schwartz-Matzuo syndrome; all of which are frequently associated with trauma. Read More

Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2005 (298):21-8

Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun.

Aim: To study the particularities of late post-traumatic glaucoma with irido-corneal angle injuries in black Cameroonians.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1343 files of glaucomatous patients was carried out from January 1991 to December 2001 at the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon in Central Africa. Fifty seven of them had post-traumatic glaucoma. Read More

J Glaucoma 2005 Dec;14(6):470-3

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA.

Purpose: This cohort study was designed to evaluate risk factors for the development of posttraumatic glaucoma after ocular contusion.

Methods: Data from the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) were obtained from a total of 6021 patients who experienced blunt ocular contusion. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between these baseline structural and functional ocular characteristics and posttraumatic glaucoma. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2005 Oct;222(10):772-82

Augenzentrum -- Klinik Pallas, Olten, Schweiz.

Traumatic glaucomas represent a very heterogeneous group of entities due to a variety of pathomechanisms which increase the intraocular pressure in the early or late phase after traumatic injury (blunt or penetrating injury, acid or alkali burn). Little is known about the real prevalence of traumatic glaucoma. Angle recession, hyphema-associated and lens-associated mechanisms are the most common causes of traumatic glaucoma after blunt ocular trauma. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2004 Dec;101(12):1239-57; quiz 1257-8

Augenklinik mit Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen.

Blunt ocular traumas include contusions and ruptures of the globe--open and closed globe injuries. Characteristic damage results in anterior and posterior segment trauma. Typical patterns of injuries are combinations of (1) hyphema grade II-IV, iris-lens injury, vitreal bleeding--choroidal rupture and increased risk of rebleeding, (2) angle recession >180 degrees--secondary open-angle glaucoma, and (3) vitreal prolapse and lens dislocation-retinal detachment. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2004 Sep;40(9):605-8

Department of Ophthamology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a black diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for congenital aniridia or traumatic iris deficiency and to explore the mechanism of postoperative complications.

Methods: The therapeutic effects and postoperative complications of twenty-five cases (27 eyes) of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation were analyzed. Ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) and gonioscopy were used to observe the position of the IOL haptics and anterior chamber angle structure in patient who developed secondary glaucoma postoperatively. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003 Jul;13(7):398-401

Department of Ophthalmology, Hayatabad Medical Complex/Khyber Institute of Medical Sciences, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.

Objective: To study the causes, clinical presentation, complications and visual outcome of hyphaema following closed globe injury.

Design: Prospective study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from May, 1996 to June 1997. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 1999 Jan-Feb;82(1):29-33

Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.

Iridoschisis is a rare condition in which a localised area of iris stroma is cleaved in two with the anterior atrophic portion disintegrating into fibrils. The most common presentation of iridoschisis is as an age-related iris atrophy in association with glaucoma. The association includes angle-closure glaucoma, angle-recession glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma. Read More

Cornea 2002 Nov;21(8):759-65

Department of Ophthalmology, Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, management, and visual outcome of postoperative glaucoma in comparison with preexisting glaucoma in repeated corneal transplantation.

Methods: The charts of all the patients who underwent repeated corneal transplantation between 1985 and 1998 were reviewed for the occurrence of preexisting and postoperative glaucoma. Eighty patients underwent 122 repeated corneal transplantations, of which six underwent surgery in both eyes. Read More

Int Ophthalmol Clin 2002 ;42(3):69-78

Toronto Western Hospital, Ontarion, Canada.

J Fr Ophtalmol 2002 Feb;25(2):126-9

Hôpital Régional de Nabeul, Tunisie, France.

Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness among young people. Injuries of the iridocorneal angle cause ocular hypertonia and postcontusive glaucoma. The purpose of this work is to study clinical and therapeutic particularities of postcontusive ocular hypertonia. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Apr;13(2):103-9

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.

Secondary glaucoma may complicate retinal detachment surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation has been described after scleral buckling procedures and vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of gas or silicone oil. Angle-closure glaucoma after scleral buckling develops because of congestion and anterior rotation of the ciliary body. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2001 May;131(5):656-7

2-6-17 Ishida Ganka , Honcho Joetsu, Niigata 943-0832, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case of a tear in the trabecular meshwork caused by an airsoft gun, a toy that propels a plastic bullet.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 7-year-old Japanese boy sustained an ocular injury to the right eye from an airsoft gun. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2001 Feb;15(Pt 1):45-51

Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

Purpose: To determine the 1 year success rate of non-enhanced trabeculectomy under the care of non-glaucoma specialists and the effects of risk factors on the surgical outcome as measured by intraocular pressure (IOP) control.

Methods: A retrospective study of 167 patients undergoing trabeculectomy was performed. One hundred and four cases were performed in a teaching hospital and 63 in a district general hospital (DGH). Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2001 Feb;85(2):159-63

Department of Ophthalmology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Aim: The presence of traumatic angle recession is a risk factor for failure of glaucoma filtration surgery and a previous study has suggested that antimetabolite treatment should be used in these patients. This study was undertaken to determine for the first time the mid term results of trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of mitomycin C in patients with post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 43 consecutive trabeculectomy procedures in 41 young black/mixed race patients followed for a mean period of 25 months (range 2-66 months). Read More

Ophthalmology 2000 Sep;107(9):1702-9

Public Health Ophthalmology Service, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and features of open-angle glaucoma in an urban population in southern India.

Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 2522 persons (85. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 1999 Feb;83(2):194-8

Ocular Oncology Service, St Bartholomew's and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London.

Background: Ring melanoma of the ciliary body and iris is extremely rare and often has adverse histology. This tumour may cause raised intraocular pressure.

Methods: A review of four cases of ring melanomas with insidious presentations seen in the ocular oncology service over a 12 month period. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 1999 Mar;25(3):420-6

Aravind Eye Hospital, Tamilnadu, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of ab externo 4-point scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) as a primary or secondary procedure.

Setting: Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 25 patients: 17 aphakic and 8 with traumatic subluxated lenses. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 1998 Jul;82(7):754-7

Orbital Center Utrecht, Donders Institute of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Netherlands.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence and to discuss the necessity of treating elevated intraocular pressures (IOP) in patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO). In addition, to study the effects of orbital decompression and extraocular muscle surgery on IOP.

Methods: The records of consecutive patients with GO referred in a 5 year period were studied and those selected, in which glaucoma medication had been prescribed, or a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) or of ocular hypertension (> or = 22 mm Hg) (OH) had been made. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 1998 Feb;125(2):270-2

Department of Ophthalmology, William H. Havener Eye Center, Ohio State University, USA.

Purpose: To report ocular injuries associated with the use of bungee cords.

Method: Four patients with bungee cord-associated ocular trauma are presented.

Results: Four eyes of four patients demonstrated severe contusion injuries associated with bungee cord trauma. Read More

Arch Ophthalmol 1997 Nov;115(11):1478-9

King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Ophthalmology 1997 Feb;104(2):313-8

Department of Ophthalmology, Porto Medical School, S. João Hospital, Portugal.

Purpose: The authors performed a sports-related ocular injuries evaluation with periodic patient observation and follow-up, to outline the severity and long-term sequelae of eye injuries in sports.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 84 consecutive patients (85 injured eyes) with sports-related eye injuries examined at the Eye Emergency Department of Porto S. João Hospital, between April 1992 and March 1995. Read More