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J Vis Exp 2022 Jun 8(184). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Health;

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease affecting preterm infants, characterized by intestinal inflammation and necrosis. Enteroids have recently emerged as a promising system to model gastrointestinal pathologies. However, currently utilized methods for enteroid manipulation either lack access to the apical surface of the epithelium (three-dimensional [3D]) or are time-consuming and resource-intensive (two-dimensional [2D] monolayers). Read More

Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022 Jun 27:1-4. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Objective: Maternal health in pregnancy and birth outcomes were compared between pre- and post-Varzaghan earthquake.

Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, before and after the earthquake, 550 and 450 women were enrolled respectively. Neonatal weight, height, and head circumference, as well as maternal weight gain and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were obtained using medical records at health centers. Read More

Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022 Jul 12;38(Suppl 2):290-299. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Lung Transplant Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5939 Harry Hines Blvd. Suite 603, Dallas, TX 75235-8550 USA.

Lung transplantation (LT) is a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of advanced lung disease. With improvements in post-transplant survival, complications involving different organ systems after LT are increasingly seen. While non-infectious, extrapulmonary complications after LT are not frequently responsible for early post-transplant mortality, they significantly impact the quality of life and long-term survival. Read More

Viruses 2022 Jun 16;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), causing up to 100% mortality in neonatal pigs, is a highly contagious enteric disease caused by PED virus (PEDV). The highly virulent genogroup 2 (G2) PEDV emerged in 2010 and has caused huge economic losses to the pork industry globally. It was first reported in the US in 2013, caused country-wide outbreaks, and posed tremendous hardship for many pork producers in 2013-2014. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2022 06 15;166. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Isala ziekenhuis, afd. Pathologie, Zwolle.

Background: About 200 pregnant women in the Netherlands are yearly diagnosed with cancer. Pregnant women with cancer are often diagnosed later than non-pregnant women because symptoms of cancer are common during pregnancy and may elude suspicion. We report a patient with gastric carcinoma masquerading as hyperemesis gravidarum. Read More

Hum Reprod 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Study Question: Do the spectrum and prevalence of comorbidities of endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) overlap?

Summary Answer: Despite several overlapping symptoms, the most significantly associated comorbidities of endometriosis and IBS are different and are rather related to the organ systems primarily involved in the index diagnosis.

What Is Known Already: Endometriosis and IBS both have several similar unspecific symptoms, such as recurrent abdominal pain, cramping and anxiety, and both diseases affect young women and are associated with a number of comorbidities causing a poor quality of life. However, a detailed study, revealing the full spectrum of endometriosis and IBS comorbidities in the same study population, is lacking. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 13;12(1):9796. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.

The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to factors including maternal infection during pregnancy. Establishment of neural networks critical for memory and cognition begins during the perinatal period, when Heligmosomoides bakeri, a gastrointestinal (GI) nematode restricted to the maternal mouse intestine, has been shown to upregulate expression of long-term potentiation genes in the young rodent pup brain. We explored the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy and early lactation on the spatial behavior of uninfected male and female juvenile mice. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2022 Mar;32(2):289-296

Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy (PPH) is one of the effective treatment modalities which is increasingly performed to save the life of pregnant women with uncontrollable severe postpartum hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with PPH among Iranian pregnant women.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 33 pregnant women with PPH referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran were enrolled. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2216527. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.

Importance: The management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) during pregnancy is challenging, yet no systematic synthesis of evidence has accurately measured treatment outcomes.

Objective: To systematically synthesize treatment outcomes and adverse events among pregnant patients with MDR-TB.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched from the inception of each database through August 31, 2021. Read More

Nutrients 2022 May 26;14(11). Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.

Background: The intestinal microbiota of pregnant women and factors disturbing the microbial balance of their gastrointestinal tract during the perinatal period may be the cause of dysbiosis and thus intestinal permeability syndrome in their children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implications of intestinal permeability parameters in the stools of newborns and infants with perinatal risk factors for intestinal colonization disorders (the route of delivery, antibiotic therapy in the neonatal period and the abandonment of breastfeeding).

Methods: The study included 100 mother-child pairs. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 29;23(11). Epub 2022 May 29.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.

Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between early life zinc deficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In line with this, mouse models have revealed prenatal zinc deficiency as a profound risk factor for neurobiological and behavioral abnormalities in the offspring reminiscent of ASD behavior. From these studies, a complex pathology emerges, with alterations in the gastrointestinal and immune system and synaptic signaling in the brain, as a major consequence of prenatal zinc deficiency. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2022 May 26;12(11). Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

We previously reported that feeding Se-biofortified alfalfa hay to weaned beef calves in a preconditioning program increases whole-blood Se (WB-Se) concentrations and nasal microbiome abundance and diversity during the preconditioning period, decreases morbidity and mortality during the feedlot period, and increases carcass weight and quality at slaughter. The objective of the current study was to see whether similar improvements can be achieved through Se supplementation of dams during various pregnancy trimesters. In a two-year experimental study, 80 Angus-cross cows received once-weekly Se-yeast boluses containing 105 mg of Se, during either the first (TR-1), second (TR-2), or third (TR-3) pregnancy trimester, or were not bolused (CTR). Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jun;139(6):1201

Abstract: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) diseases and associated symptoms account for a large number of health care visits each year. Many women visit their obstetrician-gynecologists more often than their primary care physicians or use them as primary health care providers. Many gynecologic and lower GI disorders share symptoms, such as lower abdominal or pelvic pain and bloating. Read More

BMC Public Health 2022 Jun 3;22(1):1107. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Unit for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-Borne Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is a common, frequently asymptomatic, sexually transmitted infection. It can result in severe sequelae, such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In Germany, chlamydia is not notifiable. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2022 Jun 3;22(1):327. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Background: Despite the relative prevalence of small bowel and proximal colon perforation in the neonatal period, recto-sigmoid perforation is extremely rare. Full-term neonates experience intestinal perforation less frequently than premature infants. Here we report a neonate with sigmoid perforation and simultaneous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2022 Jun 3;22(1):282. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.

Background: Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has become a standard treatment method for esophageal perforations in adults. However, experience with EVT in infants is scarce. In this retrospective case series, we report on four very young infants who were successfully treated with EVT for esophageal perforations of different etiology. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2022 (6):127-132

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

A review of the current national and foreign literature is devoted to epidemiology, risk factors, causes, diagnosis and modern treatment approaches for fecal incontinence (FI). Incidence of FI in early and delayed period after childbirth is 30% or more. At the same time, up to 87% of postpartum injuries of anal sphincter remain undiagnosed. Read More

Med Lett Drugs Ther 2022 06;64(1652):91-94

EMBO Rep 2022 Jun 2:e54132. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.

Our knowledge of the coordination of intergenerational inheritance and offspring metabolic reprogramming by gastrointestinal endocrine factors is largely unknown. Here, we showed that secretin (SCT), a brain-gut peptide, is downregulated by overnutrition in pregnant mice and women. More importantly, genetic loss of SCT in the maternal gut results in undesirable phenotypes developed in offspring including enhanced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and attenuated browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Apr;10(10):2976-2989

BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong Province, China.

Gut microbiota (GM) is a micro-ecosystem composed of all microorganisms in the human intestine. The interaction between GM and the host plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions in the host. Dysbiosis of the GM may cause various diseases. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2022 Apr;28(13):1380-1383

Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, United States.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was one of most sought-after objective tools to determine therapeutic efficiency of different biologics and its role in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was regarded with great anticipation. But implementation of the TDM in clinical practice was challenged by several factors including uncertainty of the optimal cut-off values, assay variable sensitivity in detecting drug levels and antibodies and, most importantly, individual pharmacokinetics. While reactive TDM was embraced in clinical practice as a useful tool in assessing lack of response to therapy, the utility of proactive TDM in managing IBD therapy is still challenged by the lack of consistency between evidence. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2022 Apr;28(13):1347-1361

State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.

Background: In China, it has been well recognized that some female patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have different overall survival (OS) time, even with the same tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, challenging the prognostic value of the TNM system alone. An effective predictive model is needed to accurately evaluate the prognosis of female ESCC patients.

Aim: To construct a novel prognostic model with clinical and reproductive data for Chinese female patients with ESCC, and to assess the incremental prognostic value of the full model compared with the clinical model and TNM stage. Read More

J Hepatol 2022 May 25. Epub 2022 May 25.

ICES, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Background: With the World Health Organization plan for hepatitis C elimination by the year 2030, and recent guideline recommendations to screen all women during pregnancy for HCV, data on HCV in pregnancy are needed to determine the association of HCV viremia with adverse pregnancy outcomes and mother-to-child transmission.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada, using population-based administrative health care data. Individuals with HCV and pregnancy were identified and further stratified by whether they had active HCV viremia during pregnancy or resolved viremia at time of pregnancy. Read More

Breast Dis 2022 ;41(1):279-294

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Background: Mammography is the most effective method for early detection of breast cancer (BC), however, it has performed in low-level. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of mammography in Iran.

Methods: This study was a systematic review which was performed based on articles published in both Persian and English languages among Iranian patients in the period of 2000 to 2020 by using keywords of "Iran and mammography". Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2022 Apr;32(4):S21-S23

Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Pakistan.

Peptic ulcer disease affects a large number of people around the world. Complications occur in 10-20% of patients and perforation develops in 2-14% of the cases. It can either be in the pyloric part of the stomach or in the first part of duodenum. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 17;23(10). Epub 2022 May 17.

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.

RoundUp (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world's leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Read More

Phytother Res 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

This umbrella review is to recapitulate and grade the available evidence of associations between consumption of Zingiberaceae plants/curcumin (Cur) and multiple health-related outcomes. This study included 161 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in 76 articles with 67 unique health outcomes. Data on heterogeneity and publication bias are considered to assess the quality of evidence. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022 Jul 27;75(1):17-23. Epub 2022 May 27.

the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in Brazilian infants seen in private pediatric clinics and their relationship with cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, and history of prematurity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 5080 infants under 12 months old with routine visits in private pediatric clinics in Brazil. The mothers answered questions about the type of delivery, type of feeding (breast milk, infant formula, cow milk, mixed feeding), history of prematurity, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2022 Jul 8;20(7):1568-1575. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Individuals with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) have higher bleeding risk during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Clinical management requires recognition of the IBD as high risk for postpartum hemorrhage and a personalized multidisciplinary approach that includes the patient in decision making. When the fetus is known or at risk to inherit a bleeding disorder, fetal and neonatal bleeding risk also need to be considered. Read More

Trials 2022 May 23;23(1):428. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.

Background: Early-onset sepsis is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the preterm population. Infants perceived to be at increased risk for early-onset sepsis are often treated empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics while awaiting confirmatory blood cultures, despite an overall incidence of early-onset sepsis of 2-3% among extremely-low-birthweight (ELBW) infants. Recent observational studies associate perinatal antibiotic use with an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and mortality among ELBW infants. Read More