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Heliyon 2018 Nov 13;4(11):e00928. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina.

The protozoon is the causative agent of South American camelid (SAC) sarcocystosis. Infections are characterized by the presence of cysts in muscles which are in size and appearance similar to rice grains. As consumption of insufficiently cooked infected meat produces gastroenteritis, cyst-containing SAC meat is confiscated by sanitary authorities or depreciated with serious economic consequences for SAC breeders. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 12;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. HuNoV infections lead to substantial societal and economic burdens. There are currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of HuNoVs. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 31;5(1):000758. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Emergency Department, IMC Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Missing a leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is common in medical practice because few at-risk patients have a history of AAA and many have an unusual presentation.

Background: AAA is less common among Asians than white Caucasians of the same age. Our patient had no significant risk factors apart from age and sex and had an unusual presentation. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2019 Feb 13;20:189-193. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease, characterized by infiltrates of eosinophils in the intestinal mucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is due to Type 1 hypersensitivity and can be associated with other atopic diseases. The clinical course of eosinophilic gastroenteritis varies depending on the location, extent, and depth of eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, which can make the diagnosis challenging. Read More

Euro Surveill 2019 Feb;24(6)

NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

IntroductionRotavirus vaccination with the live-attenuated monovalent (a G1P[8] human rotavirus strain) two-dose Rotarix vaccine was introduced in England in July 2013. Since then, there have been significant reductions in rotavirus gastroenteritis incidence.AimWe assessed the vaccine's impact on rotavirus genotype distribution and diversity 3 years post-vaccine introduction. Read More

Epidemiol Health 2019 9;41:e2019002. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Busan Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.

Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in Busan Metropolitan City and to identify points for improvement to prevent of food-borne disease outbreak.

Methods: This was a case-control study. The control group comprised asymptomatic students in the same classes of the cases. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.

Objectives: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common pathogens causing gastroenteritis. Because there is currently insufficient epidemiological information on the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of clinical isolates of C. jejuni in Japan, we carried out antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and MLST of clinical C. Read More

N Z Vet J 2019 Feb 12:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

a Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne , 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee , VIC 3030 , Australia.

Aim: To compare the concentration of faecal cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in dogs with acute diarrhoea with clinically normal (non-diarrhoeic) dogs.

Methods: A total of 14 dogs presenting with acute diarrhoea, and 25 dogs with no history of gastrointestinal signs in the 2 months prior to enrolment, were recruited from two veterinary hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. IL-6, -8, -10, and TNF-α were measured in faecal samples using canine-specific ELISA. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Background: Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and is highly transmissible. In this study, we assessed the presence of AGE in household contacts (HHCs) of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus.

Methods: Between December 2011 and June 2016, children aged 14 days to 11 years with AGE were enrolled at 1 of 7 hospitals or emergency departments as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Objectives: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is associated with a spectrum of autoimmune complications. We studied the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and infections in patients with CVID.

Methods: Complete clinical data of 132 Finnish patients with CVID (106 probable and 26 possible CVID) followed up between 2007 and 2016 were collected to a structured database. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11;19(1):133. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Focused Research Unit in Emergency Medicine, Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, DK-6200, Aabenraa, Denmark.

Background: Infectious gastroenteritis is common in the emergency department (ED). Patients infected with either Norovirus or toxigenic Clostridium difficile require special isolation procedures. The aims were to describe the aetiology of infectious gastroenteritis in the ED, evaluate whether current isolation procedures, based on clinical judgement are sufficient, and to identify information that might be used to identify patients requiring isolation. Read More

Viruses 2019 Feb 8;11(2). Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Viral agents of human gastroenteritis affect people of all ages across the globe. As a mainly self-limiting disease, it is difficult to evaluate the real prevalence of etiological agents circulating in each region. Many of the analyzed outbreaks are caused by viruses of the family Caliciviridae, especially the genus (NoV). Read More

Water Res 2019 Apr 1;153:349-356. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, 1405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.

The prevalence and seasonal variation of 7 viruses in 6 major rivers in Alberta were assessed using a combination of qPCR, cell culture and integrated cell culture with qPCR (ICC-qPCR). Water samples were collected monthly from rivers at different sites upstream and downstream of major urban centers. Seven viruses including rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, JC virus and enterovirus, were detected in at least one of the water samples at each site using qPCR. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 25;10:58. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare condition of primary immunodeficiency disorder. Interleukin-12 receptor β1 (IL12RB1) deficiency, is the most common genetic etiology of MSMD, which is characterized by the selective predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly-virulent mycobacteria, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, and environmental non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of deficiency to be reported from Iraq. Read More

Trop Doct 2019 Feb 10:49475519827109. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

3 Professor, Department of Paediatrics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

With increasing use of ultrasound screening, the prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in better resourced areas has become the norm. However, early diagnosis is still not universal in resource-poor settings and late presentations of CDH continue. We retrospectively analysed the medical records of children operated for late-presenting CDH from 2001 to 2016 at our tertiary care centre in North India. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2019 02 1;43. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Australian Government Department of Health

The Australian Government Department of Health established the OzFoodNet network in 2000 to collaborate nationally to investigate foodborne disease. In each Australian state and territory, OzFoodNet epidemiologists investigate outbreaks of enteric infection. In addition, OzFoodNet conducts studies on the burden of illness and coordinates national investigations into outbreaks of foodborne disease. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Division of Microbiology, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, No. 24 Jianghan North Road, Wuhan, 430015, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

A gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in a university in May, 2017, Wuhan, China. The epidemiological survey and pathogen analysis were conducted to identify the pathogen and control this outbreak. Feces or anal swabs from individuals, water, and swabs taken from tap surfaces of the secondary water supply system (SWSS) and foods were collected for the detection of viruses and pathogenic enteric bacteria by real-time RT-PCR and culture, respectively. Read More

Zoonoses Public Health 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy.

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in children and adults. Several pieces of evidence suggest that viruses genetically and antigenically closely related to human NoVs might infect animals, raising public health concerns about potential cross-species transmission. The natural susceptibility of non-human primates (NPHs) to human NoV infections has already been reported, but a limited amount of data is currently available. Read More

J Virol Methods 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA. Electronic address:

Noroviruses are recognized as the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. With improved molecular diagnostics developed over the last two decades, archived clinical specimens are increasingly used to investigate the historic prevalence and molecular epidemiology of human norovirus. Yet the impact of long-term storage on viral integrity in clinical specimens has not been evaluated. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, Portugal.

Norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus group A (RVA) are major agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. This study aimed to investigate their epidemiological profile in Portuguese elderly living in long-term care facilities and to assess the host genetic factors mediating infection susceptibility. From November 2013 to June 2015, 636 faecal specimens from 169 elderly, mainly asymptomatic, living in nursing homes in Greater Lisbon and Faro district, Portugal, were collected. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e14335

Hepatology, Gastroenetrology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh.

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is the most frequent infection worldwide and it has been postulated that it predisposes to multiple enteric pathogens and diarrheal diseases. Salmonella infection is common in tropical and under developed communities and is associated with wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. This study aimed at detecting the impact of H pylori infection on the incidence of salmonella infections. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection causes severe diarrhea in piglets and imposes a significant economic burden on pig farms. Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies effectively inhibit virus infection and could be a potential therapeutic reagent for preventing disease. In this study, a recombinant scFv antibody phage display library was constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of piglets infected with TGEV. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2019 Feb 6;45(1):23. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.

Background: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is an uncommon but severe condition which can be either inherited or acquired. It consists in clinical manifestation of defective production or ineffective action of endogenous glucocorticoids; deficiency in mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens may coexist. Diagnosis of PAI in children and young people can be challenging; while adrenal crisis (acute decompensation) is a life-threatening condition, with patient presenting with characteristic features of hypoglycemia, hypotension, collapse and coma, chronic adrenal insufficiency may present with vague and non-specific symptoms, making the diagnosis more difficult. Read More

Epidemiol Health 2018 13;40:e2018056. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Environmental Health Division, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul, Korea.

Objectives: Water-borne diseases caused by Vibrio parahemolyticus are often known to cause gastritis when raw or undercooked seafood is eaten. It is very rare that Vibrio gastritis caused by ingesting non-seafood products occurs on a large scale. On September 19, 2017, a large-scale Vibrio gastritis occurred after the city residents consumed food at a bazaar held in a welfare center in Jungnang-gu, Seoul. Read More

Virus Genes 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.

Noroviruses are leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In our previous study, we established an in vitro histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) binding blockade assay against GII.3 Norovirus virus like particles (VLPs) with trypsin digestion. Read More

Virol Sin 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.

Arch Virol 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Molecular Virology Laboratory, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulova Street, 1, Petushki Area, Volginsky, Vladimir Region, 601125, Russia.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious viral disease in pigs, caused by the coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). PEDV infection results in significant mortality in piglets in unvaccinated herds. Like many others RNA viruses, PEDV has high evolutionary rate and is prone to genetic mutations. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 Feb 25;7(2):471-478.e3. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is frequently misdiagnosed and subject to diagnostic delay. Profuse vomiting, the cardinal feature of acute FPIES, may occur in more common pediatric disorders such as gastroenteritis and sepsis.

Objectives: We sought to determine differentiating features at acute presentation between FPIES, gastroenteritis, and sepsis in young children presenting to an emergency department (ED) with profuse vomiting. Read More

Pathog Glob Health 2019 Feb 6:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

a Department of Clinical Microbiology , Christian Medical College and Hospital , Vellore , India.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are foodborne pathogens that are responsible for self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The present study aims at the molecular characterisation and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg strain P5558 isolated from the pus samples of a patient suffering from stump infection. The isolate was subjected to serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility test to understand the phenotypical characteristics. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2019 Feb 5:956462418824912. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

2 Clinical Laboratory of Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Although infectious diarrhea is one of the most common complications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, robust diagnostic methods for determining potential pathogens are still limited in the clinic. Norovirus, a type of calicivirus, has been shown to be the most common cause of gastroenteritis. Here, we used multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool to verify Norovirus as the diarrhea-related pathogen in HIV-infected patients with unknown etiological information. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 4;9(1):1318. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India.

Rotavirus (RV), the major etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in young children, kills over 200 thousand infants each year. In spite of available vaccines, rotaviral diarrhoea is still a major problem in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Therefore, the studies on RV infection and host antiviral responses are warranted. Read More