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Arch Med Sci 2019 Jan 19;15(1):223-231. Epub 2016 Oct 19.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Introduction: (Piperaceae) is traditionally used by Asians to treat numerous common ailments including asthma, fever and gastritis. The aim of the research was to determine and compare the effects of Piper sarmentosum (PS) with omeprazole (OMZ) on gastric parameters in rats exposed to restraint stress.

Material And Methods: The methanolic extract of PS was prepared in the dose of 500 mg/kg. Read More

PLoS One 2017 24;12(7):e0181546. Epub 2017 Jul 24.

Liaison R/D Center, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Hericium erinaceus (HE) has been used both as a traditional Chinese medicine and home remedy for treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastritis. EP-1, a purified polysaccharide isolated from HE mycelium, has recently been identified as the active component responsible for HE anti-gastritis activity. Because oxidative stress has been implicated as a pathogenic cause of gastritis and gastric ulcers, EP-1 antioxidant properties were systematically examined in vitro using the human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line, GES-1. Read More

Biogerontology 2017 04 10;18(2):293-299. Epub 2017 Jan 10.

Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland.

Helicobacter pylori, one of the most frequently observed bacterium in the human intestinal flora, has been widely studied since Marshall and Warren documented a link between the presence of H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract and gastritis and gastric ulcers. Interestingly, H. Read More

Clin Transl Med 2016 Dec 23;5(1):35. Epub 2016 Aug 23.

National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

Longevity and accumulation of multiple context-dependent signaling pathways of long-standing inflammation (antigen-load or oxidative stress) are the results of decreased/altered regulation of immunity and loss of control switch mechanisms that we defined as Yin and Yang of acute inflammation or immune surveillance. Chronic inflammation is initiated by immune disruptors-induced progressive changes in physiology and function of susceptible host tissues that lead to increased immune suppression and multistep disease processes including carcinogenesis. The interrelated multiple hypotheses that are presented for the first time in this article are extension of author's earlier series of 'accidental' discoveries on the role of inflammation in developmental stages of immune dysfunction toward tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 May 19(5):CD010714. Epub 2016 May 19.

Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 17 Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610041.

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to loss of blood from any site of the digestive tract. In paediatric clinical practice, it is usually a complaint of children attending the emergency department as a symptom of diseases such as ulcers, gastric or oesophageal varices, gastritis, Mallory-Weiss tears, anorectal fissures, allergic colitis, infectious colitis, intussusception, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, and Meckel's diverticulum; it also occurs with high incidence in critically ill children hospitalised in intensive care units and is caused by stress-induced gastropathy. No matter what the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, fasting is believed to be necessary due to the fear that eating may affect haemostasis or aggravate bleeding. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2014 Sep 30;155(2):1001-10. Epub 2014 Jun 30.

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

Ethnopharmocological Relevance: Biotite mica enriched with Fe(2+) ions are widely used as a major mineral ingredient in traditional pharmaceutical science of alchemy (Rasashastra). Abhrak bhasma (mica ash), a pharmaceutical product containing treated mica, is utilized, for example, in Ayurvedic treatments for ailments such as gastritis, renal disease, skin disease and mainly in rejuvenation formulations. However, the untreated mica minerals may be harmful when used directly, as they carry considerably high amounts of trace-elements that can cause undesirable effects in the human body. Read More

Chonnam Med J 2014 Apr 22;50(1):6-14. Epub 2014 Apr 22.

Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered aqueous extract of glutinous rice (GRE) to protect against acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and water immersion restraint stress in rats and to characterize the active substances responsible for the protection. GRE was shown to dose-dependently prevent the gastric lesions induced by the above ulcerogenic treatments at doses of 30 to 300 mg/kg. GRE treatment increased the gastric mucin content and partially blocked the ethanol-induced depletion of the gastric mucus layer. Read More

PLoS One 2014 6;9(5):e96775. Epub 2014 May 6.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

The administration of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), as well as fasting and caloric restriction, is a condition associated with β-HB abundance and decreased appetite in animals. Increased β-HB and decreased appetite exist simultaneously in some diseases, such as bovine left displaced abomasums (LDA) and human chronic gastritis. However, the effects of β-HB on stomach injuries have not been explored. Read More

Ideggyogy Sz 2014 Mar;67(3-4):91-4

Although Hans Selye is mostly known for his discovery & development of the stress concept, he also introduced the first physiologically sound, structure-activity classification of steroids that was also based on the chemical structure of steroids in 1943. He not only introduced the names of glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids but discovered the anti- & pro-inflammatory properties, respectively, of these steroids in animal models. Furthermore, he not only described the first stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats (1936) & characterized the first human 'stress ulcers' during the air-raids in London during World War 11 (1943). Read More

Gastroenterology 2014 Jun 13;146(7):1739-51.e14. Epub 2014 Feb 13.

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: The gastric cancer-causing pathogen Helicobacter pylori up-regulates spermine oxidase (SMOX) in gastric epithelial cells, causing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. A subpopulation of SMOX(high) cells are resistant to apoptosis, despite their high levels of DNA damage. Because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation can regulate apoptosis, we determined its role in SMOX-mediated effects. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2013 May 26;55:353-7. Epub 2013 Jan 26.

Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.

Silymarin has been known to exert antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the effect of silymarin on gastritis in rats. Oral administration of silymarin dose-dependently decreased gastric lesions in ethanol-induced gastritis model. Read More

PLoS One 2013 17;8(1):e54811. Epub 2013 Jan 17.

Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on rodent behaviour, neuronal plasticity and brain function. Although it may also improve stress coping, it is not known whether EE influences the brain response to an external (psychological) stressor such as water avoidance stress (WAS) or an internal (systemic) stressor such as gastrointestinal inflammation. This study hence explored whether EE modifies WAS-induced activation of the mouse corticolimbic system and whether this stress response is altered by gastritis or colitis. Read More

Lab Invest 2012 Oct 2;92(10):1407-18. Epub 2012 Jul 2.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), traditionally linked to cancer poor prognosis and multidrug resistance, is undetectable in normal gastric mucosa and overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). We propose that P-gp may be involved in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-related gastric carcinogenesis by inhibiting apoptosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of P-gp in fetal stomach and in Hp-related gastric carcinogenesis, the epigenetic control of the multi-drug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene, the localization and interaction between P-gp and Bcl-x(L) and the effect of the selective silencing of P-gp on cell survival. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2012 Jan;18(4):302-8

Lab of Translational Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, 406-840 Incheon, South Korea.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack guanine bases in DNA easily and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which can bind to thymidine rather than cytosine, based on which, the level of 8-OHdG is generally regarded as a biomarker of mutagenesis consequent to oxidative stress. For example, higher levels of 8-OHdG are noted in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. However, we have found that exogenous 8-OHdG can paradoxically reduce ROS production, attenuate the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and ameliorate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in addition to expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-1, NOX organizer-1 and NOX activator-1 in various conditions of inflammation-based gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and even colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Read More

Hepatogastroenterology 2012 May;59(115):942-6

Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Background/aims: CJ-20001 is a phytopharmaceutical agent and currently being investigated in a Phase II trial for the treatment of acute and chronic gastritis patients in Korea. In this study we addressed the protective effects of CJ-20001 against water immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric injury in rats and studied the underlying mechanisms.

Methodology: To evaluate the protective effect of CJ-20001 on stress-induced gastric lesions, rats were exposed to water immersion restraint stress. Read More

Amino Acids 2012 Feb 28;42(2-3):627-40. Epub 2011 Aug 28.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1030C MRBIV, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

L-arginine (L-Arg) is metabolized by nitric oxide synthase and arginase enzymes. The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. We have shown that alterations in L-Arg availability and metabolism into polyamines contribute significantly to the dysregulation of the host immune response to this infection. Read More

Biochimie 2011 Jul 31;93(7):1115-23. Epub 2011 Mar 31.

Graduate Institute of Medicine, Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

The development of various gastrointestinal diseases was suggested to be associated with chronic inflammation as a consequence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Our previous studies showed that an antioxidant protein alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is an abundant and important antioxidant protein present in H. Read More

Int J Surg Pathol 2011 Jun 21;19(3):297-302. Epub 2011 Mar 21.

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Immunohistochemical staining is useful in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. The authors encountered gastric resection specimens with an unusual pattern of reactivity on H pylori immunostains where the typical morphology of the organism was not recognizable, but the characteristic chronic gastritis associated with infection was present. The authors sought to explore this phenomenon by retrospectively reviewing and immunostaining 28 gastric resection specimens for H pylori. Read More

Pharm Biol 2011 Mar;49(3):262-8

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Acharya & B.M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bangalore.

Context: Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) is a medium-sized tree that grows in the wild throughout India. T. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2011 Jan 9;81(1):111-22. Epub 2010 Sep 9.

Lab of Translational Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Songdo-dong 7-45, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack guanine bases in DNA and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which has been regarded simply as an oxidative mutagenic by-product. On the other hand, our previous report showed paradoxically ROS attenuating action of generated 8-OHdG. In the current study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were executed in order to document anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of 8-OHdG in cell model and to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy against water immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastritis animal model. Read More

Biol Pharm Bull 2010 ;33(2):223-9

Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Environmental and Human Sciences, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.

The present study was designed to clarify the effects of an ethanol extract of artichoke leaf on acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. Oral administration of artichoke leaf extract dose-dependently prevented absolute ethanol-induced (125-500 mg/kg) or restraint plus water immersion stress-induced gastric mucosal injury (1000-2000 mg/kg). The artichoke leaf extract contains 1% cynaropicrin and 0. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2009 ;643:273-83

Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.

In the present study, we examined by immunohistochemistry the formation and distribution of 8-nitroguanine, a sensitive marker of nitrosative DNA damage, in rat stomach of rats subjected to water immersion restraint stress (WIR). WIR induced an increase in 8-nitroguanine content of gastric gland epithelium. 8-Nitroguanine immunoreactivity, which was observed mainly in the nuclei of stomach epithelium, increased with the severity of inflammation. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008 Apr 14;23(4):652-9. Epub 2007 Nov 14.

Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Background And Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection enhances the production of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite, thereby resulting in oxidative tissue damage. In this study, we examined the role of peroxiredoxin I (Prx I), a stress-induced antioxidant enzyme, in protecting gastric mucosa from H. Read More

Neuroscience 2007 Dec 18;150(3):522-36. Epub 2007 Sep 18.

Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.

There is a gender-related comorbidity of pain-related and inflammatory bowel diseases with psychiatric diseases. Since the impact of experimental gastrointestinal inflammation on the emotional-affective behavior is little known, we examined whether experimental gastritis modifies anxiety, stress coping and circulating corticosterone in male and female Him:OF1 mice. Gastritis was induced by adding iodoacetamide (0. Read More

Stress 2007 Jun;10(2):185-93

Section on Pharmacology, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Angiotensin II (Ang II), the active principle of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), was discovered as a vasoconstrictive, fluid retentive circulating hormone. It was revealed later that there are local RAS in many organs, including the brain. The physiological receptor for Ang II, the AT(1) receptor type, was found to be highly expressed in many tissues and brain areas involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress and in the sympathoadrenal system. Read More

Fiziol Zh 2006 ;52(6):71-8

The molecular defence mechanisms against ethanol- and stress-induced (WRS) gastric lesions under the action of plant proanthocyanidins from grapefruit-seed extract (GSE) were investigated. Pre-treatment with GSE (8-64 mg/kg/day) in dose-dependent manner attenuated gastric lesions induced by 100% ethanol and WRS; the doses of GCE reducing these lesions by 50% (ID50) were 28 and 36 mg/kg/day, respectively and this protective effect was similar to that obtained with PGE2 analogue. Lesions reduction was also accompanied by improvement of gastric blood flow, antiradical action, increased mucosal generation of PGE2, antioxidant activity. Read More

Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2006 Dec;47(6):284-7

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Numazu College of Technology, 3600, Ooka, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-8501, Japan.

The preventive effects of acidic xylooligosaccharide prepared from xylan of corncobs and related sugars on stress-induced gastric inflammation in mice were investigated. Oral administration of acidic xylooligosaccharide and hydrocortisone at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the number of bleeding points in the gastric mucosa of mice loaded with cold-restraint stress. Acidic xylooligosaccharide showed concentration-dependent superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity at concentrations of 3. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 Aug 23;347(1):297-300. Epub 2006 Jun 23.

Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.

Background: Many researches have been published to understand the pathogenesis and mechanism of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated diseases, including gastritis followed by gastric cancer, using Mongolian gerbil (MG) model because Hp could be hardly inoculated in other animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction ability of heat shock protein (HSP70) and protective ability in the gastric mucosa of MG comparing with those of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, since HSP70 is a key molecule known to be involved in important biological activities such as apoptosis, carcinogenesis, and cytoprotection from cytotoxic damage.

Materials And Methods: Basal expression level and induction ability of gastric mucosal HSP70 were evaluated by immunoblotting and densitometric analysis in MG and SD rats before and after HSP-induction by zinc l-carnosine, gastric HSP70 inducer, administration. Read More

J Gastroenterol 2005 May;40(5):459-66

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.

Background: Rice extract has been shown to protect gastric mucosa from stress-induced damage. In this study, the antibiotic effect and the anti-inflammatory effect of orally administered aqueous rice extract on Helicobacter pylori infection and H. pylori-induced gastritis, respectively, in Mongolian gerbils were investigated. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005 Feb;20(2):275-80

Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita City, Akita 010-8543, Japan.

Background: Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors reduces the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppresses neutrophil activation. Water-immersion restraint is well known to cause gastric mucosal lesions due to stress. The pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions is characterized by activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory cytokines. Read More

Cancer Res 2004 Dec;64(23):8521-5

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.

Oxidative stress is linked to carcinogenesis due to its ability to damage DNA. The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori exerts much of its pathogenicity by inducing apoptosis and DNA damage in host gastric epithelial cells. Polyamines are abundant in epithelial cells, and when oxidized by the inducible spermine oxidase SMO(PAOh1) H(2)O(2) is generated. Read More

Auton Neurosci 2004 Feb;110(2):89-97

Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, INRA, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 3, 31931 Toulouse cedex 9, France.

Capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves are described as being protective against gastric inflammation; their destruction leads to an exacerbation of inflammatory processes. However, these nerves have been shown to exert a pro-inflammatory action on stress-induced gastritis in rats. Our study aimed to investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in different experimental models of gastritis in rats. Read More

J Physiol Pharmacol 2002 Dec;53(4 Pt 2):761-73

Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland.

The experimental model of acute gastritis such as water immersion restraint (WRS) stress-induced gastric injury is useful tool in examination of pathomechanism of acute gastritis. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric barrier, however, the interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO on gastric mucosal integrity has been little studied. The purpose of our present study was to explain the participation of ROS in healing of WRS-induced gastric lesions accelerated by NO. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 1999 Nov;67(3):377-84

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.

The preventive effect of Oren-gedoku-to (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang) extract (TJ-15), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the therapies of gastric ulcers and gastritis, on the development of stress-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. Simultaneous p.o. Read More

Phytother Res 1999 Nov;13(7):588-92

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.

Oral administration of Oren-gedoku-to extract (TJ-15), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the therapy of gastric ulcers and gastritis, dose-dependently prevented the progression of acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats with water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. The preventive effect of TJ-15 on the lesion progression was stronger than that of Saiko-keishi-to extract (TJ-10) or Shigyaku-san extract (TJ-35), each of which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the therapy of gastric ulcers and gastritis, when compared on the basis of a single dosage of each medicine for adults. This TJ-15 administration attenuated increases in gastric mucosal lipid peroxide concentration and xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities with the gastric mucosal lesion progression and recovered the decreased gastric mucosal non-protein SH concentration found at a progressed stage of the gastric mucosal lesions. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 1999 Aug;378(3):299-310

Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan.

The pharmacological profile of N-[3-[2-[N'-(2-methoxyethyl)guanidino]thiazol-4yl]benzyl-ace tamide (FR145715), a novel histamine H2 receptor antagonist, was examined in both in vitro and in vivo models using experimental animals in comparison with ranitidine. In isolated guinea-pig atria, FR145715 antagonized the effect of histamine on heart rate with approximately three times more potent activity than ranitidine. In in vivo experiments, intraduodenal FR145715 dose-dependently inhibited spontaneous gastric acid secretion in rats (Shay's rats), with a ED50 value of 18. Read More

Digestion 1999 Jan-Feb;60(1):34-40

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Background And Aims: Inoculation of Helicobacter felis into the murine stomach has been reported to induce chronic gastric inflammation and may be a model of Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic gastritis. In this study, to characterize H. felis-induced gastritis, the gastric production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was measured in mice. Read More

Nihon Rinsho 1998 Sep;56(9):2240-6

First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.

The adherence of neutrophils to the endothelium is a crucial early event in the inflammatory and immunological reaction. Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions are known to be mediated by adhesion molecules that are expressed on each cell. Among the adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes, the CD11/CD18 integrin family plays a major role in the adhesion and transendothelial migration of neutrophils. Read More

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1996 Dec;55(6):395-402

Osaka Research Laboratory, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan.

Intrapleural injection of carrageenan in rats increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and induced newly synthesized cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in pleural exudate cells without affecting COX-1 levels. Nimesulide, a preferential inhibitor of COX-2, reduced pleural PGE2 production and was almost as active as indomethacin and 10 times more active than ibuprofen. Only COX-1, and nc COX-2, was detected in gastric mucosal cells, and PGE2 concentration of gastric mucosa was significantly decreased by indomethacin and ibuprofen. Read More

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1996 Oct;108(4):217-25

Kampo Research Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd., Japan.

Recently it has been reported that Shosaiko-to (SHO), a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating gastritis and hepatitis, also has been found useful for treating gastric ulcers, although no pharmacological study has yet investigated the precise antiulcer properties of SHO. Herein, the authors report on the results of a rat study in which the effects of SHO on gastric ulcers, acid secretions and potential difference of gastric mucosa (PD) were studied. SHO (100, 250 or 500 mg /kg, p. Read More

Infect Immun 1996 Jul;64(7):2643-8

Department of Microbiology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is one of a number of bacteria which bind specifically to gangliotetraosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, and phosphatidylethanolamine in vitro at neutral pH. Since this organism encounters an acid pH during initial infection of the stomach, we have monitored the effect of pH on receptor binding specificity and found induction of specific binding to sulfoglycolipids (sulfatide) following brief treatment at low pH. We have previously shown that heat shock proteins (hsps) bind to sulfatide, and the suspicion that this was a stress-induced response is supported by the fact that a similar change in H. Read More

Semin Respir Infect 1994 Dec;9(4):222-7

Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02903.

Nosocomial pneumonia remains an important determinant of hospital-acquired morbidity and mortality. Although therapy designed to prevent stress-induced gastritis has been effective at relieving upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, the use of agents (histamine-2 receptor antagonists, antacids) that raise gastric pH have also been implicated as increasing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Examination of two recently published meta-analyses investigating the role of gastric pH and nosocomial pneumonia and several individual studies show that raising gastric pH does not increase the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Read More

Surg Today 1994 ;24(6):530-3

Department of Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Turkey.

In this experimental study, the role of free oxygen radicals (FOR) in stress gastritis (SG) was investigated in a restraint stress model for rats. Allopurinol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were tested as single agents in controlled groups. The portal blood pH values, the ratio of the mucosal erosion area to the gastric mucosal area (EA/MA), the ratio of the depth of mucosal erosions to the concomitant gastric mucosal wall (ED/MD), and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA)--a lipid peroxidation coproduct--in the gastric mucosa were used as parameters in the experiment. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1992 ;191:16-24

Dept. of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.

Stress ulcer prophylaxis diminishes but does not eliminate the risk of severe bleeding from this complication. In 70-80% of the cases the source of bleeding is hemorrhagic gastritis. No controlled studies exist which have in particular investigated conservative therapy in patients with stress-induced hemorrhage. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990 Nov-Dec;14(6):615-7

Department of Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042.

Stress-induced mucosal ulcerations are associated with a decreased synthesis of mucosal prostaglandin (PG) E2. This phenomenon is poorly understood. To investigate whether it is due to a decreased availability of the necessary substrates to the mucosa, four groups of 10 Holtzman rats were studied: group 1 received normal saline by intraperitoneal (ip) injection; group 2 also received ip normal saline, then were submitted to stress, by the cold restraint method; group 3 received a solution of arachidonic acid (AA) ip; and group 4 also received ip AA, then were submitted to stress. Read More

Am J Med 1987 Dec;83(6A):36-40

Division of Gastroenterology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.

Results of animal studies and human clinical trials assessing the efficacy of newer agents in the treatment of stress-related mucosal damage have been reviewed. Currently available data suggest that prostaglandin treatment is as effective in preventing and treating stress-induced mucosal injury as more established therapeutic modalities, but that the proposed efficacy of somatostatin infusion and tranexamic acid administration is highly suspect. Promising agents yet to be evaluated include omeprazole, allopurinol, and epidermal growth factor. Read More

Am J Med 1987 Nov;83(5A):43-7

Division of Gastroenterology, University School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina.

The administration of oral S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) (100 mg/kg body weight) was well tolerated by the rat gastroduodenal tract. Moreover, rats given SAMe exhibited a significant increase in non-protein sulfhydryl groups of gastroduodenal mucosa as compared with control animals. The abilities of SAMe and misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, to protect the gastric mucosa against necrosis induced by various noxious stimuli (ethanol, aspirin, stress) were also compared in standardized, experimental rat models. Read More

Ann Intern Med 1985 Aug;103(2):173-7

The efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastroduodenal lesions was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which serial endoscopy was used to examine patients without clinical evidence of bleeding who were admitted to a medical intensive care unit. Endoscopy showed that 14 of 21 patients treated with cimetidine, compared with 5 of 18 patients treated with placebo, had normal or improved gastroduodenal mucosa (p less than 0.05). Read More