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J Med Biogr 2022 Jun 26:9677720221106794. Epub 2022 Jun 26.

8948King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Dr Agnes Savill was the UK's first female consultant dermatologist with a career journey which was, by any standards, extraordinary. She was awarded her MA in 1893 making her the first female graduate from St Andrews University. She then trained as a doctor in Glasgow in the earliest cohort of women granted the opportunity to study medicine. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 31;78:103896. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Introduction: Trauma to the extremities is a common major health problem that requires special attention because it can have a dangerous impact on both the viability of the limb and the patient's life. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an alternative therapy hypothesized to improve the prognosis in lower extremity trauma.

Case Presentation: We present a series of 7 cases of lower extremity trauma treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: soft tissue loss, neglected chronic burn injury, high-voltage electrical burn, gas gangrene, crush injury, chemical burn, and excoriation with skin loss. Read More

Aust Vet J 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Young Rural Lands Protection Board, Young, New South Wales, Australia.

The authors report an unusual case of Clostridium chauvoei causing severe panophthalmitis in Merino lambs. More than half of the lambs affected survived, which is unusual for clostridial disease; however, there have been reports in humans that the mortality risk for ocular gas gangrene is lower than when other body parts are affected. A combination of factors in this case included environmental contamination (specific to a particular paddock), genetics predisposing to entropion (lambs born of maiden 2-year-old ewes with some inbreeding), the practice of manually everting eyelids for the entropion and vaccination strategies. Read More

J Bacteriol 2022 Jun 31;204(6):e0007922. Epub 2022 May 31.

National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Healthgrid.94365.3d, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The current classification of the phylum (new name, ) features eight distinct classes, six of which include known spore-forming bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, sporulation involves up to 500 genes, many of which do not have orthologs in other bacilli and/or clostridia. Previous studies identified about 60 sporulation genes of B. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 May 9;77:103595. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.

Introduction And Importance: Retroperitoneal extension is a rare and fatal complication of Fournier's gangrene (FG) which mandates immediate surgical intervention for better outcome.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a history of bilateral painful scrotal swelling for 7 days with fever and abdominal pain for 3 days. On his general examination, he was septic with necrotic patches in the perineum and bilateral scrotum. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 05 21;19(10). Epub 2022 May 21.

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Materno-Infantil Hospital Regional Universitario Malaga, Avd Arroyo de los Angeles S/N, 29011 Malaga, Spain.

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a serious pathology of the soft tissues and fascia of the perineum and genital region with a high morbidity and mortality rate. In recent years, the SGLT-2 inhibitor oral antidiabetic has been related to this entity. According to the new warnings from the main drug agencies, a compilation of cases has been initiated to establish or deny a possible causal relationship. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2022 May 23;10(5):e05906. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Gastroenterology Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center RWJBarnabas Health Livingston New Jersey USA.

Abdominal crepitus and air in the subcutaneous tissue should be recognized early, as the most common etiologies for subcutaneous emphysema are fatal if not treated acutely. We present the case of a patient who developed subcutaneous emphysema as a consequence of the dehiscence of a previously closed gastrocutaneous fistula. Read More

IDCases 2022 20;28:e01508. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India.

, widely distributed in various aquatic environments, is recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens mainly causing gastrointestinal and wound infections. Necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene attributable to are believed to develop mainly in immunocompromised hosts and have required amputation as a life-saving measure in many of these individuals. The present case re-emphasizes the virulent nature of this organism requiring amputation even in an immunocompetent host and hence, the critical need for early recognition and appropriate targeted therapy, especially after minor traumatic injuries which usually tend to get neglected. Read More

Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022 Jul 21;47(7):2279-2288. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Emergency General Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Purposes: To investigate the relationships and interactions between temporal and radiological features of gangrene and perforation of inflamed appendices.

Methods: A total of 402 patients were included who underwent laparoscopic appendectomies between January 1, 2016 and March 30, 2020 and had pathologically proved acute appendicitis and preoperative non-enhanced CT examinations. The radiological features (appendix diameter, appendicolith, appendiceal intraluminal gas, periappendiceal gas, periappendiceal fat stranding/fluid, and short axial diameter of the mesenteric lymph nodes) were obtained from the preoperative CT images of 382 patients with visible appendices. Read More

Sci Immunol 2022 05 20;7(71):eabm1803. Epub 2022 May 20.

Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

species are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that cause diseases in humans, such as food poisoning, botulism, and tetanus. Here, we analyzed 10 different species and identified that , a pathogen that causes sepsis and gas gangrene, activates the mammalian cytosolic inflammasome complex in mice and humans. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that α-toxin secreted by binds to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the host plasma membrane, oligomerizing and forming a membrane pore that is permissive to efflux of magnesium and potassium ions. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2022 May;49(5):597-599

Dept. of Medical Oncology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital.

A 52-year-old man diagnosed with Stage ⅢA rectal and anal canal cancer underwent abdominal perineal resection using Miles's method. Two years later, local recurrence and lung metastases were detected using contrasted CT imaging. First-line chemotherapy of XELOX was administered for 4 months until the disease progressed and lung metastases developed. Read More

Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2022 Apr 1;43(1). Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Introduction: Since the second half of the 20th century, an association between the occurrence of Clostridium septicum and Streptococcus gallolyticus infections in patients with colorectal cancer has been described in specialist literature. Infections are manifested by bacteremia, septic embolism, cellulitis, myonecrosis, and gas gangrene of the limbs.

Material And Methods: The authors present a case of a rare association between lower limb gangrene caused by the septic embolization of a Clostridium septicum infection and malignancy of colon ascendens in a polymorbid patient. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2022 Apr 13;54(2):155-159. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

BG-Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil Bochum; Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie, Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum.

We present the case of a 57-year-old male patient with a fatal outcome after resection of a soft tissue sarcoma of the lateral thigh. A polymicrobial surgical site infection with Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Clostridium perfringens caused fulminant necrotising fasciitis with an additional gas gangrene. The patient suffered a severe sepsis with consecutive haemolysis and multiorgan failure. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 3;14(3):e22808. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.

Subcutaneous emphysema refers to the presence of air in the subcutaneous planes of the body. It may result from a benign cause like trauma, accidental injection, or entry of air through a negative pressure gradient, or it could be a part of the life-threatening ailment in the form of necrotizing fasciitis with gas gangrene. We report a 31-year-old male who sustained trauma to the hand followed by pressurized air injection into the wound resulting in the subcutaneous emphysema of the left upper limb. Read More

Front Surg 2022 18;9:822605. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Clostridial gas gangrene is an unusual but fast-spreading necrotic infection of soft tissue relevant to high mortality rates. We report a case of postoperative gas gangrene of the pelvic wall, scrotum, and perineal site, with very acute onset and rapid progression of symptoms after laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. Although potentially treatable with appropriate antibiotic cover and urgent thorough surgical debridement, this case still developed irreversibly into fulminant and fatal sepsis. Read More

Arch Razi Inst 2021 11 30;76(5):1565-1573. Epub 2021 Nov 30.

Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.

Wound infections are among public health problems worldwide. However, progress has been made in improving surgical techniques and antibiotic treatments. Misuse/overuse of antibiotics to prevent and treat bacterial infections eventually leads to increased bacterial resistance with rising incidences of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 17;14(2):e22315. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Ocean Medical Center, Brick, USA.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), soft tissue infections, are rare but rapidly progressive and life-threatening infections with high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and intervention by physicians are paramount in mortality prevention. We present a case report of a 77-year-old female who presented with extensive NF due to a Clostridium septicum infection. Read More

Int J Hematol 2022 05 11;115(5):609-610. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Haematology, Liverpool Hospital, Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia.

Cureus 2022 Jan 25;14(1):e21612. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Urology, New Jersey Urology, Voorhees, USA.

Fournier's gangrene and emphysematous pyelonephritis are rare necrotizing infections of the genitourinary system. Many cases of this rapidly progressive infection occur from abscesses and urinary tract infections; however, Fournier's gangrene secondary to emphysematous pyelonephritis is seldom discussed in the literature. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is defined as a gas-forming, necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma or its surrounding tissue. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Feb 17;10(2). Epub 2022 Feb 17.

California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Lab, University of California-Davis, San Bwernardino, CA 92408, USA.

The clostridial diseases of horses can be divided into three major groups: enteric/enterotoxic, histotoxic, and neurotoxic. The main enteric/enterotoxic diseases include those produced by type C and , both of which are characterized by enterocolitis. The main histotoxic diseases are gas gangrene, Tyzzer disease, and infectious necrotic hepatitis. Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022 Apr 21;23(3):304-312. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe, rapidly spreading infections with high morbidity and mortality. Attempts to identify risk factors for mortality and morbidity have produced variable results. We hope to determine which factors across the NSTI population impact mortality, morbidities, and discharge disposition. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 May 18;34(3):518-522. Epub 2022 Feb 18.

School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia (Sprohnle-Barrera, Gibson, Price, Allavena).

An 8-y-old, castrated male Siberian Husky dog was admitted to an emergency clinic with acute collapse and severe swelling of both forelimbs, ventral thorax, and axillary region. The clinical assessment, with laboratory tests and radiologic investigation, confirmed severe subcutaneous emphysema and multi-organ failure. The animal died while receiving emergency treatment. Read More

Clin Ter 2022 Feb;173(1):1-5

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Abstract: Post-traumatic gas gangrene is a rare but potentially life-threa-tening condition due to soft tissues infection by Clostridium species. These anaerobic microaerophile bacteria are highly resistant to external insults related to their ability to produce spores, which can survive on any surface for long periods. Under certain conditions suitable for proliferation (such as in ischemic tissues), bacteria produce many to-xins. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2022 Feb;77(2):77-79

Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU, Liège, Belgique.

Necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene represent a rapidly progressive and fatal tissue infection in the absence of early multidisciplinary treatment. There are multiple risk factors, but diabetes remains the main one. The presence of crackles or extensive lesions are an indication for exploration and surgical treatment. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2022 Jan-Mar;65(1):211-212

Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India.

Infect Drug Resist 2022 11;15:63-68. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People's Republic of China.

In recent years, () has received greater attention. It mainly infects diabetic patients and typically causes a hepatic abscess. Here, we report a case of that caused forearm muscle and soft tissue infection in addition to bacteremia, hepatic and pulmonary abscess, and hyperglycemia. Read More

Immunol Res 2022 04 15;70(2):240-255. Epub 2022 Jan 15.

Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobe ubiquitously present in different environments, including the gut of humans and animals. C. perfringens have been classified in the seven toxinotypes based on the secreted toxins that cause different diseases in humans and animals. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jan 8;73:103174. Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetic foot complications constitute a major public health problem worldwide, especially in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where the prevalence of diabetes is high. Our study was designed to determine the pattern and type of amputations performed on patients with diabetic foot admitted to a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; we also aimed to determine the 7-year mortality rate of patients with diabetic foot at the same institution.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2013 and September 2020 at a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Read More

Cureus 2021 Nov 25;13(11):e19886. Epub 2021 Nov 25.

Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO.

Necrotizing soft tissue infection of the breast is an extremely rare event in routine surgical practice. It is the most aggressive form of soft tissue infection and a real surgical emergency. It is associated with a high risk of mortality if not diagnosed promptly. Read More