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mSphere 2021 May 12;6(3). Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.

is a frequent member of the urogenital microbiota. Given the association between and bacterial vaginosis (BV), significant efforts have been focused on characterizing this species in the vaginal microbiota. However, also is a frequent member of the urinary microbiota. Read More

AAPS J 2021 May 10;23(3):66. Epub 2021 May 10.

Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infections that affects hundreds of millions of women of reproductive age, worldwide. Traditional treatment strategies, such as oral and topical antibiotics, have shown efficacy against BV, but frequent recurrence of infection and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria remain as significant challenges. Alternatively, recent progress in understanding immune, microbiological, and metabolic interactions in the vaginal microbiota has prompted the consideration of administering probiotic organisms to restore and maintain vaginal health within the context of BV prevention and treatment. Read More

Georgian Med News 2021 Mar(312):114-118

1Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of urogenital mixed infections and the sensitivity of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas to antibiotics in reproductive aged women with pelvic inflammatory disease. 4720 samples of biomaterial were obtained by urethral and cervical canal scrapings in 2360 women of reproductive age with pelvic inflammatory disease (2 samples from each woman). In 2360 samples, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis were determined by multiplex PCR. Read More

mSystems 2021 May 4;6(3). Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

The vaginal microbiota plays an essential role in vaginal health. The vaginas of many reproductive-age women are dominated by one of the species. However, the vaginas of a large number of women are characterized by the colonization of several other anaerobes. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 29;18(9). Epub 2021 Apr 29.

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.

A large proportion of women in Odisha, India, use reusable absorbents to manage their menstruation. Yet, the risk factors for lower reproductive tract infections (RTIs) related to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) have not been studied among reusable absorbent users. Women of reproductive age attending one of two hospitals from two different cities in Odisha during two separate study intervals were recruited for the study. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Isala Hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.

Vulvovaginitis is a common problem in the GP's practice. Causes are bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida infection and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Only if empirical treatment fails, a vaginal swab is sent in for culture and BV detection. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 Apr 2;10(7). Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.

The use of probiotics in reproductive-related dysbiosis is an area of continuous progress due to the growing interest from clinicians and patients suffering from recurrent reproductive microbiota disorders. An imbalance in the natural colonization sites related to reproductive health-vaginal, cervicovaginal, endometrial, and pregnancy-related altered microbiota-could play a decisive role in reproductive outcomes. Oral and vaginal administrations are in continuous discussion regarding the clinical effects pursued, but the oral route is used and studied more often despite the need for further transference to the colonization site. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 12;11:615770. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.

studies indicate IFNγ is central to (Ct) eradication, but its function may be compromised by anaerobes typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a frequent co-morbidity in women with Ct. Here we investigated the associations between natural clearance of cervical Ct infection, the vaginal microbiome, and the requirements for IFNγ by evaluating the vaginal microbial and cytokine composition of Ct treatment visit samples from women who cleared Ct infection in the interim between their Ct screening and Ct treatment visit. The pilot cohort was young, predominantly African American, and characterized by a high rate of BV that was treated with metronidazole at the Ct screening visit. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Lucira Health, Emeryville, CA, USA

Rapid and precise detection of -the leading global cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI)-at the point-of-care (POC) is required for treatment decisions to prevent transmission and sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal-factor infertility and preterm birth. We developed a rapid POC test (POCT), termed LH-POCT, which uses Loop-mediated AMPlification (LAMP) of nucleic acids, and performed a head-to-head comparison with the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay using clinician-collected de-identified paired vaginal samples from a parent study that consecutively enrolled symptomatic and asymptomatic females over age 18 years from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services Health Centers in Fiji. Samples were processed by the Xpert® CT/NG assay and LH-POCT, blinded to the comparator. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Apr 28;21(1):392. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Projet San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda.

Background: Algorithms that bridge the gap between syndromic sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and treatment based in realistic diagnostic options and local epidemiology are urgently needed across Africa. Our objective was to develop and validate a risk algorithm for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) diagnosis among symptomatic Rwandan women and to compare risk algorithm performance to the current Rwandan National Criteria for NG/CT diagnosis.

Methods: The risk algorithm was derived in a cohort (n = 468) comprised of symptomatic women in Kigali who sought free screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections and vaginal dysbioses at our research site. Read More

mSystems 2021 Apr 27;6(2). Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in women's reproductive and urogenital health. It is now well accepted that a "healthy" vaginal microbiome is dominated by species. Disturbances in this microbial community can lead to several adverse outcomes, including pelvic inflammatory disease and bacterial vaginosis (BV), as well as increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections, miscarriage, and preterm births. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021 Apr 1;22(4):1313-1318. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Phatophysiology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Object: The relevance of the article is that the breast cancer is a leading oncological disease in women in developed countries and has the highest mortality caused by malignant neoplasms in women. The purpose of the study is to evaluate vaginal microbiota in women with various breast cancer subtypes and compared groups.

Methods: The study involved 278 women with breast cancer, of whom 174 were patients receiving combination therapy; the control group consisted of 104 patients who had had breast cancer 2-4 years ago. Read More

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) describes signs and symptoms resulting from effects of estrogen deficiency on the female genitourinary tract, including the vagina, labia, urethra, and bladder. Signs/symptoms associated with GSM may occur during any reproductive stage from multiple etiologies but are most common during menopause due to low estrogen. Vaginal microbiota, particularly Lactobacillus spp. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 Apr 16;261:78-84. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Louis Mourier Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Colombes, France; Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France; INSERM, IAME, F-75018, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the newborn. The vaginal germ profile in PPROM is poorly known, particularly regarding the risk of early-onset neonatal infection (EONI).

Objective: To determine microbiological risk factors for EONI in case of PPROM before 34 weeks of gestation (WG). Read More

Drug Deliv 2021 Dec;28(1):814-825

Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt.

The main focus of the current work was to design, evaluate and clinically compare the efficiency of novel metronidazole (MTD) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) vaginal emulgel with the marketed vaginal gel (Metron) against Bacterial vaginosis (BV). Eight formulations were fabricated using 2 full factorial design and prepared by stearic acid and tween 80 as solid lipid and surfactant, respectively. Lipid and surfactant concentrations in addition to sonication amplitude were chosen as the independent variables (X-X). Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 7;11:631972. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman's entire life. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by which produce various antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the loss or sharp decline in the total number of and a corresponding marked increase in the concentration of anaerobic microbes. Read More

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

José Gutiérrez-Fernández. Laboratorio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2. E-18012 Granada, Spain.

Objective: Infections by genitopathogens are a frequent reason for consultation in Primary Health Care and in the specialties of Infectious Diseases, Urology, Gynecology, and Dermatology. The most common causes are opportunistic microorganisms and responsible for sexually transmitted infections associated with unprotected sex. The objective is to determine the microorganisms that cause these infections in patients treated at the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves in Granada and Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to antibiotics. Read More

Mycoses 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and feto-maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Rheumatic diseases and vaginal infections both increase the risk of preterm birth. It is unclear whether pregnant women with rheumatic disease are more likely to experience vaginal infections, which might potentially accumulate modifiable risk factors.

Objective: In this study, we sought to evaluate the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women with inflammatory rheumatic and inflammatory bowel disease. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To study the association of plasma and vaginal levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9), determined between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation, with preterm birth and its predictive value.

Study Design: All 129 cases of preterm birth (cases) and 258 randomly selected term patients (control group) were included in a cohort study with a nested case-control design. Inclusion criteria were living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and gestational age 20 to 25 at enrollment. Read More

PLoS One 2021 20;16(4):e0250044. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Project San Francisco, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda.

Introduction: The longstanding inadequacies of syndromic management for genital ulceration and inflammation are well-described. The Rwanda National Guidelines for sexually transmitted infection (STI) syndromic management are not yet informed by the local prevalence and correlates of STI etiologies, a component World Health Organization guidelines stress as critical to optimize locally relevant algorithms.

Methods: Radio announcements and pharmacists recruited symptomatic patients to seek free STI services in Kigali. Read More

Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2021 04 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Section of Gynecology, Academic Department of Biomedicine and Prevention and Clinical Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Background: Vaginal microbiotas can be clustered into five different possible categories (CST I to V), according to their bacterial dominance. In CST I, the dominance of Lactobacillus crispatus seems to correlate with better vaginal health and with a lower incidence of sine causa infertility, preterm delivery, bacterial vaginosis, and viral (including human papillomavirus; HPV) infection. According to the same method of classifying the vaginal microbiome, CST IV (non-Lactobacillusdominated) demonstrates a higher incidence of disorders. Read More

Trends Microbiol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

NIKA Insights Inc., Richmond Hill, Canada.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021 Apr 23:1-16. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Maternal & Child Health, Gynecology and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

: Following a historical overview, the effect of different contraceptive methods on vaginal microbiome has been reviewed and summarized.: Effects of combined hormonal contraceptives (oral or vaginal) and of progestin only (injectable and implantable), intrauterine devices/systems (copper- or levonorgestrel-releasing), on vaginal microbiome. In addition, mention is made of vaginal rings releasing antiviral drugs and lactic acid. Read More

Phytother Res 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disease among women of reproductive age, with a serious impact on their daily life and health. At present, the most common treatment for BV is to take antibiotics, which results in good short-term treatment effects, but poor long-term effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat BV for over a millennium, with little risk of triggering drug resistance and adverse effects. Read More

PeerJ 2021 10;9:e11079. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Background: is the dominant species in the vaginal microbiota associated with health and considered a homeostasis biomarker. Interestingly, some strains are even used as probiotics. However, the genetic mechanisms of involved in the control of the vaginal microbiome and protection against bacterial vaginosis (BV) are not entirely known. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(1):39-42

UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY, POLTAVA, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: The purpose of the study is to characterize the influence of quantitative and qualitative composition of gingival microbiota on the status of the main immune system cells, localized in the gums, in chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in children.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study involved 26 children aged 9 to 16 years, patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis mild to moderate severity (CGCG) and 18 children with intact gums were comparison group. We determined the hygienic indices Fedorov, has been received, Silness-Loe, PMA, bleeding index for Myuleman and intensity of caries index CFD + cf, CFD. Read More

Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Universitätsfrauenklinik, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland.

Introduction: In spite of insufficient evidence, we assume a high willingness to diagnose and treat vaginal infections in threatened preterm births in Germany.

Methods: Online survey on the management of infection in threatened preterm birth in all 212 German perinatal centers.

Results: The response rate was 31. Read More

PLoS One 2021 8;16(4):e0249925. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

During pregnancy, the vaginal microbiome plays an important role in both maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Throughout pregnancy, the vaginal microbial composition undergoes significant changes, including a decrease in overall diversity and enrichment with Lactobacillus spp. In turn, the modifications in the microbial profiles are associated with shifts in the composition of vaginal metabolites. Read More

Glycobiology 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are few lactobacilli and abundant anaerobic bacteria. Members of the genus Gardnerella are often one of the most abundant bacteria in BV. BV is associated with a wide variety of poor health outcomes for women. Read More

Crit Rev Microbiol 2021 Apr 6:1-26. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.

is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. Read More