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Infect Drug Resist 2022 16;15:3077-3086. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women. It is characterized by the decrement of lactobacilli and increasing proliferation of diverse anaerobic bacteria. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and contributing factors vary between countries, within the same country, and among different populations. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Jun 3;58(6). Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, Ovidius University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania.

: Romania faces one of the highest cervical cancer burdens in Europe though it is a preventable cancer through population screening by cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection. Also, it has one of the highest incidences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HPV and HIV coinfection are frequently encountered. Read More

Med Sci (Basel) 2022 Jun 18;10(2). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Korea.

Underwater plasma discharge temporally produces several reactive radicals and/or free chlorine molecules in water, which is responsible for antimicrobial activity. Hence, it can simply sanitize tap water without disinfectant treatment. Additionally, the spraying technique using cleaning water exploits deep application in the narrow and curved vaginal tract of patients. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Objectives: to evaluate the possible relationship between cultural specimens and preterm birth in women admitted for threatened preterm labour. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and antenatal hospitalization: several risk factors including intrauterine infections have been identified but its real causes remain poorly understood.

Design: retrospective, multicentre, cohort study including 250 women admitted for threatened preterm labour. Read More

BMC Womens Health 2022 06 20;22(1):244. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis, BV, is a common inflammatory vaginal dysbiosis. The Mediterranean diet, MD, containing foods rich in antioxidant compounds, is shown to be beneficial for inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between MD adherence and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with BV. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022 Jun 20;22(1):501. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, 400020, Shanghai, China.

Background: Reproductive tract infections can cause serious adverse outcomes for pregnant women such as spontaneous abortion and preterm birth. However, it is unclear whether maternal reproductive tract infection before pregnancy would also be related to any adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the association of maternal preconception reproductive tract infections with subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 27;12:905739. Epub 2022 May 27.

Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia.

Introduction: Clue cells (epithelial cells heavily covered with adherent bacteria) are an accepted clue to the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. However, the exact morphologic criteria of clue cells and bacterial adherence were never elaborated.

Materials And Methods: We investigated adhesive and cohesive patterns of main microbiota groups in vaginal discharge using fluorescence hybridization (FISH). Read More

Reprod Sci 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.

To deeply analyze the alterations of cervical canal microbiota in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) patients and microbiota's relation to intrauterine adhesion (IUA) severity, we prospectively enrolled 23 consecutive patients diagnosed with mild-to-severe IUA and 8 women with infertility, 3 women with submucous myomas, or 8 women with endometrial polyps, but without IUA, as non_IUA subjects. For deep grouping analysis, these enrolled women were divided into six groups, two groups, and four groups respectively. Cervical mucus was drawn from the cervical canal of each participant. Read More

Curr Probl Cancer 2022 Jun 9;46(4):100877. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

The purpose of this review is to describe the existing literature regarding the relationship between the vaginal microbiome, human papillomavirus persistence, and cervical cancer risk, as well as to discuss factors that mediate these relationships. Data suggest that alterations in the vaginal microbiome affect the risk of human papillomavirus infection and persistence, which has downstream effects on cervical dysplasia and cancer risk. The homeostatic Lactobillus species L. Read More

PLoS One 2022 14;17(6):e0269590. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) is an anaerobic bacterial species involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition of vaginal dysbiosis associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. GV strains are categorized into four clades, characterized by a different ability to produce virulence factors, such as sialidase. We investigated the distribution of GV clades and sialidase genes in the vaginal ecosystem of a cohort of pregnant women, assessing the correlations between GV clades and the whole vaginal microbiome. Read More

Reprod Health 2022 Jun 13;19(1):137. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal infectious diseases in female reproductive period. Although the existing view is that probiotic treatment may be one of the feasible methods for the treatment of BV, different intervention methods lead to different treatment results. Therefore, up-to-date and comprehensive evidence in this regard is essential for the development of intervention strategies. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022 Jun 11;241:113763. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China. Electronic address:

The immunotoxicity induced by heavy metals on herbivorous insects reflect the alterations of the susceptibility to entomopathogenic agents in herbivorous insects exposed to heavy metal. In the present study, the susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis under Cd treatment at low and high dosages was investigated, and the gut microbiome-hemolymph metabolome responses that affected larval disease susceptibility caused by Cd exposure were examined. Our results showed that mortality of gypsy moth larvae caused by B. Read More

J Vis Exp 2022 05 25(183). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UCSD;

The mammalian vagina can be colonized by many bacterial taxa. The human vaginal microbiome is often dominated by Lactobacillus species, but one-in-four women experience bacterial vaginosis, in which a low level of lactobacilli is accompanied by an overgrowth of diverse anaerobic bacteria. This condition has been associated with many health complications, including risks to reproductive and sexual health. Read More

Climacteric 2022 Jun 13:1-10. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Objective: We aimed to systematically review the impact of local estrogen use in combination with a pessary on vaginal complications in postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods: We searched databases including Medline, Embase, PubMed, Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant literature published in English from inception to 31 May 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies were included. Read More

Infez Med 2022 1;30(2):247-253. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition caused by changes in the vaginal microbial ecosystem and increases the risk of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, endometritis, and weight loss of the baby. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of gonococcal and non-gonococcal genital infections in women referred to clinics in Ilam, Iran. Two swab samples were taken from each patient using a sterile swab, one swab was placed in a THB medium for the culture of and the other in PBS buffer for PCR. Read More

BMC Neurol 2022 Jun 11;22(1):217. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Neurocritical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.

Background: We report a rare case of Gardnerella vaginalis found in the cerebrospinal fluid of a young boy.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old boy was admitted to hospital with headache, vomiting, fever, drowsiness and positive meningeal irritation signs on examination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows white blood cell and protein were elevated, and glucose was low. Read More

Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMMB), Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Background: The genomic approach has deeply changed the microbiology perspective, mainly concerning the microbioma identification. In this regard, some microbes colonize the healthy vagina. Vaginitis is a common gynecological ailment and includes bacterial vaginosis (BV), usually caused by local dysbiosis, such as a microbiota imbalance. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2022 21;2022:4774783. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV), caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, can be treated and prevented by probiotics. Pregnant women with BV can experience premature labor and spontaneous abortions. Probiotics and prebiotics promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, alter the composition of the vaginal microbiota, and prevent intravaginal infections in postmenopausal women. Read More

J Reprod Immunol 2022 May 23;152:103648. Epub 2022 May 23.

Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota, including Gardnerella vaginalis, are implicated in cervical remodeling and preterm birth. Mechanisms by which microbes drives outcomes are not fully elucidated. We hypothesize that Gardnerella vaginalis induces matrix metalloproteinases through TLR-2, leading to epithelial barrier dysfunction and premature cervical remodeling. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jun 2;139(6):1092-1102. Epub 2022 May 2.

Daré Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, California; the University of Pittsburgh and Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Gendreau Consulting, LLC, Poway, California; Health Decisions, Inc., Durham, North Carolina; Segal Trials and the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Precision Trials AZ, LLC, Phoenix, Arizona; Praetorian Pharmaceutical Research and West Jefferson Medical Center, Marrero, Louisiana; Southern Clinical Research Associates, LLC, Metairie, Louisiana; and TMC Life Research, Inc., Houston, Texas.

Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of a single-dose vaginal clindamycin gel for bacterial vaginosis treatment.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study comparing clindamycin gel with placebo (2:1 ratio). Entry required clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, that is, all four Amsel's criteria, without other genital infections. Read More

Microbiome 2022 Jun 7;10(1):86. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606, USA.

Background: The relationship between host conditions and microbiome profiles, typically characterized by operational taxonomic units (OTUs), contains important information about the microbial role in human health. Traditional association testing frameworks are challenged by the high dimensionality and sparsity of typical microbiome profiles. Phylogenetic information is often incorporated to address these challenges with the assumption that evolutionarily similar taxa tend to behave similarly. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 25;2022:5769555. Epub 2022 May 25.

Faculty of Business and Management Studies, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana.

Objectives: Abnormal vaginal discharge () is a common public health problem that significantly disrupts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Syndromic management infers the concurrent treatment of two or more infections. Hence, a comparative, single-blind study was planned to determine the efficacy of ( Linn. Read More

Lancet Microbe 2022 Jun 21;3(6):e435-e442. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis might increase HIV risk by eliciting genital inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption, whereas vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with immune quiescence and HIV protection. We investigated the effect of a live biotherapeutic containing L crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) on genital immunology and key vaginal bacteria.

Methods: This substudy included women aged 18-45 years who participated in the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial of LACTIN-V to reduce bacterial vaginosis recurrence, conducted at four universities and hospitals in the USA. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 17;12:884272. Epub 2022 May 17.

Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Cervical ectopy is a benign condition of the lower genital tract that is frequently detected in women of reproductive age. Although cervical ectopy is regarded as a physiological condition, some women experience symptoms such as leucorrhoea, persistent bleeding and recurrent vaginal infections that require medical intervention. Cervical ectopy has not been linked to cervical cancer, but it is thought to facilitate the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), like Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, as it provides a favorable microenvironment for virus infection and dissemination. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 17;12:838405. Epub 2022 May 17.

Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

A deep comprehension of the vaginal ecosystem may hold promise for unraveling the pathophysiology of pregnancy and may provide novel biomarkers to identify subjects at risk of maternal-fetal complications. In this prospective study, we assessed the characteristics of the vaginal environment in a cohort of pregnant women throughout their different gestational ages and puerperium. Both the vaginal bacterial composition and the vaginal metabolic profiles were analyzed. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 Jun 1:e0222921. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Towngrid.7836.a, Cape Town, South Africa.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common polymicrobial vaginal disorder that is associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Several studies have utilized broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR assays with sequence analysis to characterize cervicovaginal bacterial communities of women with healthy and diseased conditions. With the high burden of BV and STIs among African women, there is a need for targeted PCR assays that can rapidly determine the true epidemiological profile of key cervical microbes, including BV-associated bacteria, and a need to explore the utility of such assays for microbiological diagnosis of BV. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 13;12:883798. Epub 2022 May 13.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of mixed vaginitis are more complicated than single pathogenic infections, and there may be adverse reactions and several contraindications to conventional antibiotic therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effects of Fufang Furong Effervescent Suppository for the management of aerobic vaginitis (AV) mixed with bacterial vaginosis (BV) using Accurate 16S absolute quantification sequencing (Accu16S).

Methods: In the present randomized, blind, multi-center clinical trial, women (20 to 55 years) who had received a diagnosis of AV+BV were randomly assigned into clindamycin positive control (n = 41) and Fufang Furong Effervescent Suppository (n = 39) groups. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 11;12:863208. Epub 2022 May 11.

Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito, Ecuador.

The vaginal microbiota plays vital protection in women. This probiotic activity is caused not only by individual species but also by its multi-microbial interaction. However, the probiotic activity promoted by multi-microbial consortia is still unknown. Read More

Microb Pathog 2022 Jul 26;168:105606. Epub 2022 May 26.

Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India; School of Arts, Science, Humanities and Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India. Electronic address:

Vaginosis is a condition experienced by most women at least once in their lifetime. This condition arises due to the imbalance in the microbiome of the vaginal ecosystem. Most of the pathogens of this disease are organisms which are commonly found in a normal healthy vagina. Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022 Jun 8:1-10. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Clinical Division, Comprehensive Pharmacy Services, Woodstock.

Introduction: Single-dose 2-g oral secnidazole (SEC), newly approved by the U.S. Food and Drug administration (FDA) for treatment of trichomoniasis, is a potent 5-nitroimidazole with selective toxicity against various micro-organisms. Read More