22,185 results match your criteria Gardner Syndrome
J Spine Surg 2018 Sep;4(3):575-582
Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Background: To assess the reliability of the indicators for performing magnetic resonance imaging in patients with scoliosis and assess the incidence of neural axis anomalies in a population with scoliosis referred to a specialist centre.
Methods: A retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of all patients under the age of 18 who underwent a pre-operative MRI for investigation of their scoliosis between 2009 and 2014 at a single institution was performed.
Results: There were 851 patients who underwent an MRI scan of their whole spine with a mean age of 14. Read More
JMIR Ment Health 2018 Dec 13;5(4):e12428. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Background: Men with mental health and addictions problems seek information and help from health service providers and community support less often than women with such problems. Online health resources offer men rapid access to self-care recommendations and resources and anonymity; however, only a few websites are specifically developed for men. Headstrong - Taking Things Head-On was a community pharmacy and online health promotion initiative for men living with mental health and addictions problems. Read More
J Neurosurg 2018 Dec;129(Suppl1):38-46
OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to assess hearing function after Gamma Knife treatment of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) meningiomas and assess factors affecting hearing outcome. Additionally, the authors opted to compare these results with those after Gamma Knife treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs), because most of the information on hearing outcome after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) comes from reports on VS treatment. Hearing preservation, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has never been separately addressed in studies involving Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for CPA meningiomas. Read More
J Virol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) target five major epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). The most potent bNAbs have median IC values in the nanomolar range and the broadest bNAbs neutralize up to 98% of HIV-1 strains. The engineered HIV-1 entry inhibitor eCD4-Ig has greater breadth than and similar potency to bNAbs. Read More
J Sch Nurs 2018 Dec 12:1059840518812622. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
3 Comanche Community Health Center, Comanche, TX, USA.
In states with universal mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect (CAN), it is essential that people who work with children and youth in a community be appropriately trained to recognize and report CAN. The primary goal of CAN training is early detection and intervention with a secondary purpose of impacting rates of violence, disease, drug use, and teen pregnancies in the community. The purpose of this project was to implement a standardized, community-tailored CAN training for laypersons and a train-the-trainer program in a rural Oklahoma community. Read More
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018 7;2018:1748487. Epub 2018 Nov 7.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
(Gardner) Engl is popularly used for wound healing. This study describes the main chemical compounds present in extracts of and evaluates their biological potential by investigating antifungal, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. The action mechanism of main antifungal compound was investigated by molecular docking using the enzyme sterol 14- demethylase, CYP51, required for ergosterol biosynthesis. Read More
Sports Med Open 2018 Dec 7;4(1):54. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
In the original article [1] reference was made to the Hawk-Eye system having been used as the sideline operating system during the 2015 season. Read More
Sci Rep 2018 Dec 6;8(1):17206. Epub 2018 Dec 6.
School Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
The role of badgers in the geographic expansion of the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) epidemic in England is unknown: indeed there have been few published studies of bTB in badgers outside of the Southwest of England where the infection is now endemic in cattle. Cheshire is now on the edge of the expanding area of England in which bTB is considered endemic in cattle. Previous studies, over a decade ago when bovine infection was rare in Cheshire, found no or only few infected badgers in the south eastern area of the county. Read More
Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Dec;97(12):413-416
Department of Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
In minimally invasive surgeries, it can be difficult to reach desired anatomic areas with rigid instruments, especially when obstacles are present in the surgical corridor (e.g., during transnasal pituitary surgery). Read More
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2018 Nov;14(11):668-670
Program Director Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fellow Program Associate Professor of Medicine Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire.
PLoS One 2018 7;13(12):e0208650. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Perceived low milk supply is a common reason for introducing supplementary feeds, which in turn serves to further diminish the milk supply. Current methods of measuring milk production and milk transfer from the breast to the infant are inaccessible to the mothers. There is a need for an inexpensive, portable device to enable mothers to measure milk transfer to either confirm their milk production is adequate or identify breastfeeding issues early. Read More
Nat Commun 2018 12 7;9(1):5247. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
CERVO Brain Research Center, 2601 de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
Traditional approaches for finding well-performing parameterizations of complex imaging systems, such as super-resolution microscopes rely on an extensive exploration phase over the illumination and acquisition settings, prior to the imaging task. This strategy suffers from several issues: it requires a large amount of parameter configurations to be evaluated, it leads to discrepancies between well-performing parameters in the exploration phase and imaging task, and it results in a waste of time and resources given that optimization and final imaging tasks are conducted separately. Here we show that a fully automated, machine learning-based system can conduct imaging parameter optimization toward a trade-off between several objectives, simultaneously to the imaging task. Read More
Stomatologija 2018 ;20(2):59-64
Department of restorative and periodontology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich Ebert Str. 69, 34119 Kassel, Germany.
Gardner syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by a combination of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) of the intestine with extraintestinal changes as multiple osteomas and fibromas. Odontogenic Myxoma is a benign, aggressive intraosseous neoplasm. Read More
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018 Dec 10;377(2137). Epub 2018 Dec 10.
Lynkeos Technology Ltd., University of Glasgow, No. 11 The Square, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
In the last decade, there has been a surge in the number of academic research groups and commercial companies exploiting naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons for imaging purposes in a range of industrial and geological applications. Since 2009, researchers at the University of Glasgow and the UK National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) have pioneered this technique for the characterization of shielded nuclear waste containers with significant investment from the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Sellafield Ltd. Lynkeos Technology Ltd. Read More
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018 Dec 10;377(2137). Epub 2018 Dec 10.
National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK.
Owing to the high penetrating power of high-energy cosmic ray muons, muon imaging techniques can be used to image large bulky objects, especially objects with heavy shielding. Muon imaging systems work just like CT scanners in the medical imaging field-that is, they can reveal information inside of a target. There are two forms of muon imaging techniques: muon absorption imaging and muon multiple scattering imaging. Read More
Urology 2018 Nov;121:195-196
Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center.
J Agric Food Chem 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
The livestock industry in the western United States loses an estimated $500 million annually from livestock production losses due to poisonous plants. Poisoning of livestock by plants often goes undiagnosed because there is a lack of appropriate or available specimens for analysis. Lupinus species represent an important toxic plant in western North America that can be toxic and/or teratogenic to livestock species due to the quinolizidine alkaloids. Read More
J Assoc Genet Technol 2018 ;44(4):137-140
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT.
Objectives: While the complete form of trisomy 22 is seemingly incompatible with life, the mosaic form is a rare syndrome associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. Due in part to the difficulty of analyzing chromosomal mosaicism, many instances either go undiagnosed or have their diagnosis delayed. We report a case of mosaic trisomy 22 in a diamnionic-dichorionic twin with marked growth discordance and intra-uterine growth restriction, diagnosed in a 2-year-old with developmental delays, sensorineural hearing loss, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, and osteopenia of prematurity. Read More
J Assoc Genet Technol 2018 ;44(4):135-136
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT.
Objectives: The GATA family of DNA binding proteins consists of six different transcription factors (GATA1-6), each with a diverse biologic function. The transcription factors GATA1-3 function primarily to orchestrate hematopoiesis; however, they have roles in non-hematopoietic cells as well. Much of our current knowledge of the GATA transcription factors has come through observation of disease states with known GATA mutations. Read More
PLoS Comput Biol 2018 Dec 3;14(12):e1006629. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Many microbes are studied by examining colony morphology via two-dimensional top-down images. The quantification of such images typically requires each pixel to be labelled as belonging to either the colony or background, producing a binary image. While this may be achieved manually for a single colony, this process is infeasible for large datasets containing thousands of images. Read More
Phys Rev Lett 2018 Nov;121(21):211801
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
A combination of the searches for pair-produced vectorlike partners of the top and bottom quarks in various decay channels (T→Zt/Wb/Ht, B→Zb/Wt/Hb) is performed using 36.1 fb^{-1} of pp collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are found to be in good agreement with the standard model background prediction in all individual searches. Read More
Phys Rev Lett 2018 Nov;121(21):212301
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
This Letter presents a measurement of γγ→μ^{+}μ^{-} production in Pb+Pb collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 0.49 nb^{-1}. Read More
Hum Reprod 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. McGill University Health Care Center, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Canada.
Study Question: In IVF cycles in which the entire embryo cohort is slow growing, is it optimal to perform fresh transfer in Day 5 or to extend the culture and transfer in subsequent vitrified-warmed cycles?
Summary Answer: The outcomes depend on the degree of embryo development on Day 5.
What Is Known Already: Slow-growing blastocysts have lower implantation potential when transferred in fresh cycles. It has been suggested that embryo-endometrial asynchrony could explain this finding. Read More
J Am Med Inform Assoc 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Objective: To quantify how stress related to use of health information technology (HIT) predicts burnout among physicians.
Methods: All 4197 practicing physicians in Rhode Island were surveyed in 2017 on their HIT use. Our main outcome was self-reported burnout. Read More
Parkinsons Dis 2018 1;2018:3719578. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
Background: The Washington State Parkinson Disease Registry (WPDR) was created to facilitate recruitment for Parkinson's disease (PD) research studies conducted in the Pacific Northwest. The success of registries that rely on self-report is dependent on the accuracy of the information provided by participants, particularly diagnosis.
Objective And Methods: Our goal was to assess diagnostic accuracy within the WPDR cohort. Read More
Trials 2018 Dec 4;19(1):670. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Background: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition, typically treated with surgical drainage of the haematoma. However, surgery is associated with mortality and morbidity, including up to 20% recurrence of the CSDH. Steroids, such as dexamethasone, have been identified as a potential therapy for reducing recurrence risk in surgically treated CSDHs. Read More
Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018 Dec 1;132:36-45. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
The Laboratory of Forestry Genetics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China. Electronic address:
The South China Mainland (SCM) and its adjacent continental islands are a global biodiversity hotspot. However, how and when plants dispersed between SCM and Hainan/Taiwan Islands remains largely unknown. In this study, we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to identify the demographic dynamics and local adaptation of Quercus championii, a dominant forests tree distributed in SCM and Hainan/Taiwan Islands. Read More
BJS Open 2018 Dec 27;2(6):400-410. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. Read More
Arch Toxicol 2018 Dec 3;92(12):3517-3533. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
Transcriptomics is developing into an invaluable tool in toxicology. The aim of this study was, using a transcriptomics approach, to identify genes that respond similar to many different chemicals (including drugs and industrial compounds) in both rat liver in vivo and in cultivated hepatocytes. For this purpose, we analyzed Affymetrix microarray expression data from 162 compounds that were previously tested in a concentration-dependent manner in rat livers in vivo and in rat hepatocytes cultivated in sandwich culture. Read More
Front Pediatr 2018 19;6:339. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
Division of Pediatric Psychology and the Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Center, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Surgical management of disorders of sex development (DSD) is associated with contentious debate between and within stakeholder communities. While the intent of surgical management of the genitals and gonads is to benefit the patient physically and psychosocially, these goals have not always been achieved; reports of harm have surfaced. Harm experienced by some patients has resulted in the emergence of an activist platform calling for a moratorium on all surgical procedures during childhood-excepting those forestalling threats to life within the childhood years. Read More
J Sci Med Sport 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.
The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, USA; Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, USA.
Objectives: To prospectively evaluate single/dual-task timed-up-and-go (TUG) and tandem gait performance among children and adolescents with concussion and healthy controls.
Design: Repeated measures.
Methods: Participants with concussion (n=23; age=14. Read More
Cell 2018 Nov;175(6):1717
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Departments of Pathology.
Background: Metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph nodes is often elusive to detect with morphology alone. Per American Joint Committee on Cancer staging guidelines, a single atypical melanocyte in lymph node qualifies as metastasis, whether identified by morphology or immunohistochemistry, but single cell staining must be convincing. We propose that the use of a second immunohistochemical run performed on a single slide will allow for more confident diagnosis of micrometastases. Read More
Am J Surg 2018 Oct 15. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, United States.
Background: We hypothesized that medical experts would concur the American College of Surgeons/Association for Surgical Education Medical Student Simulation-based Surgical Skills Curriculum ("ACS/ASE Curriculum") could be used to teach and assess Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs).
Methods: A "crosswalk" was created between ACS/ASE Curriculum modules and eight EPAs. Medical education experts participated in a Delphi process regarding feasibility of using the modules for teaching and assessing EPAs. Read More
Lancet 2018 Nov 8;392(10159):2091-2138. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Read More
Lancet 2018 Nov 8;392(10159):1923-1994. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations.
Methods: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. Read More
Lancet 2018 Nov 8;392(10159):1789-1858. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Read More
Lancet 2018 Nov 8;392(10159):1736-1788. Epub 2018 Nov 8.
Background: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. Read More
Aust Health Rev 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Many countries across the world have legislated for their constituents to have control over their death. Commonalities and differences can be found in the regulations surrounding the shape and practices of voluntary assisted dying (VAD) and euthanasia, including an individual's eligibility and access, role of health professions and the reporting. In Australia there have been perennial debates across the country to attempt legislative change in assisting a terminally ill person to control the ending of their life. Read More
CBE Life Sci Educ 2018 Dec;17(4):ar65
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
As undergraduate biology curricula increasingly aim to provide students with access to courses and experiences that engage them in the practices of science, tools are needed for instruction, evaluation, and research around student learning. One of the important skills for undergraduate biology students to master is the selection and creation of appropriate graphs to summarize data they acquire through investigations in their course work and research experiences. Graphing is a complex skill, and there are few, discipline-informed tools available for instructors, students, and researchers to use. Read More
Regen Med 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to transform medicine. However, hurdles remain to ensure safety for such cellular products. Science-based understanding of the requirements for source materials is required as are appropriate materials. Read More
Nature 2018 12 28;564(7735):263-267. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
The placenta is the extraembryonic organ that supports the fetus during intrauterine life. Although placental dysfunction results in major disorders of pregnancy with immediate and lifelong consequences for the mother and child, our knowledge of the human placenta is limited owing to a lack of functional experimental models. After implantation, the trophectoderm of the blastocyst rapidly proliferates and generates the trophoblast, the unique cell type of the placenta. Read More
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2018 ;27(6):1302-1314
School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia.
Background And Objectives: Eating habits established during childhood affect health in later life. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a high prevalence of obesity in adolescents and adults; however, data on the health of preschool children are scarce. This study assessed the weight status and dietary habits of Emirati and non-Emirati children attending nurseries in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Read More
Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 Nov 28;7(1):195. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.
BMC Palliat Care 2018 Nov 27;17(1):125. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Background: Evidence about the effectiveness of music therapy for improving the quality of life of palliative care patients is positive but weak in terms of risk of bias.
Methods: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy for improving the quality of life of hospice inpatients, as measured by the McGill Quality of Life questionnaire. Objectives included recruitment of 52 participants over 12 months and provision of data to support the calculation of the required sample size for a definitive randomised trial, taking into account the retention rates of recruited participants; and evaluation of the viability of the intervention and the acceptability of the assessment tool. Read More
Women Health 2018 Nov 27:1-16. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
a School of Pharmacy , The University of Sydney , Camperdown , New South Wales , Australia.
Perinatal depression (PND) screening is encouraged in healthcare settings. We aimed to develop and content validate a basic PND knowledge questionnaire for use among pharmacists and potentially other primary healthcare professionals (HCPs). A six-item questionnaire was developed. Read More
Contracept Reprod Med 2018 20;3:18. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
10American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
Background: Rwanda has made significant strides in improving the health of its people, including increasing access to and use of family planning. Contraceptive use has increased from 17% to 53% in just one decade, from 2005 to 2015.
Methods: The data consist of 13 in-depth interviews conducted with family planning program experts in Rwanda to better understand the mechanisms for success, elucidate remaining challenges, speculate on the future of the program, and discuss potential applicability for translating aspects of the program in other settings. Read More
Circulation 2018 Nov;138(19):2075
Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (T.J.G.).
Addict Behav 2018 Nov 17. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Introduction: Improved understanding of the distribution of traditional risk factors of cigarette smoking among youth who have ever used or are susceptible to e-cigarettes and cigarettes will inform future longitudinal studies examining transitions in use.
Methods: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using data from youth (ages 12-17 years) who had ever heard of e-cigarettes at baseline of the PATH Study (n = 12,460) to compare the distribution of risk factors for cigarette smoking among seven mutually exclusive groups based on ever cigarette/e-cigarette use and susceptibility status.
Results: Compared to committed never users, youth susceptible to e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or both had increasing odds of risk factors for cigarette smoking, with those susceptible to both products at highest risk, followed by cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Read More