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Eur J Dent 2020 Mar 5;14(2):288-293. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objectives:  The present study aimed to investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex and the type of flowable composite (conventional or self-adhesive bioactive) on the fracture resistance of fractured incisors restored through reattachment technique.

Materials And Methods:  In this experimental study, 60 extracted bovine central mandibular incisors were randomly divided into six groups ( = 10) according to the reattachment technique. Their incisal edges were cut off to represent an enamel-dentin fracture. Read More

Restor Dent Endod 2020 May 6;45(2):e14. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, DL, India.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic tips versus the Terauchi file retrieval kit (TFRK) for the removal of broken endodontic instruments.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 extracted human first mandibular molars with moderate root canal curvature were selected. Following access cavity preparation canal patency was established with a size 10/15 K-file in the mesiobuccal canals of all teeth. Read More

Restor Dent Endod 2020 May 22;45(2):e4. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

Although numerous studies have been conducted on apexification using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), direct observation of extracted human teeth after the procedure has been rarely reported. This case report describes a mandibular premolar treated 2.5 years ago and extracted recently for orthodontic treatment. Read More

J Oral Sci 2020 May 31. Epub 2020 May 31.

Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.

This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the corono-apical location of sinus tracts differs according to the presence/location of vertical root fracture (VRF) in microsurgically treated root-filled teeth. The cases included were (1) anterior and premolar teeth without a preoperative diagnosis of VRF, (2) those with a periodontal probing depth of ≤3 mm, and (3) those for which preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and intraoperative video records were available. VRF was diagnosed intraoperatively. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2020 May 26. Epub 2020 May 26.

Professor, Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address:

Statement Of Problem: The performance of endocrowns fabricated with different types of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) and in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the stress distribution, failure probability, and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with endocrowns from CAD-CAM milling blocks including ceramic, polymer-infiltrated ceramic (PICN), and composite resin.

Material And Methods: An endodontically treated first mandibular molar restored with an endocrown was modeled by using a CAD software program and imported into an FEA software program. Read More

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020 Aug 28;108:103831. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, FO/UFMG, Brazil.

Objectives: Controversy exists about whether the elastic modulus (E) mismatch between the loading indenter and ceramic materials influences fatigue testing results. The research hypotheses were that for porcelain veneered Y-TZP crowns 1) A low modulus Steatite indenter (SB) leads to higher fatigue reliability compared to a high modulus tungsten carbide indenter (WC); 2) Different surface damage patterns are expected between low and high modulus indenters after sliding contact fatigue testing. All ceramic crowns will exhibit similar step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) contact fatigue reliability (hypothesis 1) and failure characteristics (hypothesis 2) when using high stiffness tungsten carbide (WC, E = 600 GPa) vs. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KA, USA.

The flat-end surfaces of dinosaur vertebral centra led to the presumption that intervertebral discs occupied the space between their vertebrae. A set of fused hadrosaur vertebrae allowed that hypothesis to be tested. The Tyrannosaurus rex responsible for this pathology did not escape unscathed. Read More

Calcif Tissue Int 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous connective tissue disorder characterized by repeated fractures and skeletal disorders. At present, bisphosphonate (BP) therapy is the gold standard for OI treatment. The present retrospective study evaluated the effect of BP therapy on tooth development and eruption of permanent teeth in a cohort of children receiving pamidronate. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2020 Mar-Apr;31(2):257-262

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Govt Dental College and Hospital, RIMS, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a dental specialty evolving from the anatomical region of head and neck. Differing from the belief, its scope does not start and end with teeth. The aim of the study was to survey the perception of OMFS among dental, medical, and paramedical professionals. Read More

J Adhes Dent 2020 ;22(3):311-320

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of double application of resin cement primers to dentin prepared with different diamond burs on the cement-dentin bond strengths.

Materials And Methods: Sixty flat dentin surfaces were prepared and divided into 12 groups (n = 5) according to three experimental factors: 1. resin cements: RelyX Ultimate (RU), Multilink Automix (ML), and Panavia V5 (PV); 2. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2020 Feb 1;21(2):183-189. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Department of Prosthodontics, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Aim: To evaluate and validate minimal thickness required for computer-aided designed (CAD) and computer-aided manufactured (CAM) monolithic zirconia crowns to withstand occlusal load. The study compares two systems.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight rapid prototype die models with varying occlusal reductions were fabricated. Read More

Compend Contin Educ Dent 2020 May;41(5):264-270; quiz 271

Affiliate Professor, Graduate Periodontics Program, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

The sequelae associated with anterior oral trauma during childhood growth may require a protracted period of clinical management to achieve an optimal foundation for future prosthetic therapy. This article presents two case examples of long-term ridge development and preservation in children after anterior dental and alveolar trauma. These two patients were managed for periods of 11 years, one from age 8 to 19 and the other from age 9 to 20, until they were old enough to receive implantsupported restorations. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2020 Apr 19;176:39-49. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address:

Dental and oral diseases in the domestic ferret have been reported, but comparison with their closest wild relative, the European polecat (Mustela putorius), is lacking. Dental and orofacial pathology was evaluated by means of visual examination and dental radiographical analysis of 234 museum skulls. Most of these (70. Read More

Bone Res 2020 26;8:19. Epub 2020 Apr 26.

1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi China.

The loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn metabolic disorder that causes skeletal mineralization defects. In adults, the main clinical features are early loss of primary or secondary teeth, osteoporosis, bone pain, chondrocalcinosis, and fractures. However, guidelines for the treatment of adults with HPP are not available. Read More

Gen Dent 2020 May-Jun;68(3):62-65

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental anomaly presenting as an enamel-covered tubercle on the occlusal surface of a premolar, particularly found in people of Asian descent. This case report describes partial pulpotomy in a mandibular premolar with a fractured evaginatus tubercle and endodontic infection. A 10. Read More

Gen Dent 2020 May-Jun;68(3):57-61

The objective of this clinical case report is to describe the late treatment performed in a 10-year-old patient who suffered a complicated crown fracture associated with luxation of the maxillary left central incisor. The patient-s parents reported that the patient fell and was immediately taken to a hospital, where radiographs, splinting, and suturing were performed and an anti-inflammatory prescription was provided, but no treatment was given for the exposed pulp. The parents and patient sought treatment at a pediatric dentistry clinic 16 days post-trauma. Read More

Gen Dent 2020 May-Jun;68(3):8-10

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2019 Dec;28(6):578-580

Department of Stomatology, Hengdian Wenrong Hospital. Dongyang 322118, Zhejiang Province, China.

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with different CAD/CAM all-ceramic restorations in vitro.

Methods: Mesio-occluso-function tip(MOF) cavities were prepared in 21 extracted human maxillary premolars due to endodontic treatment. The teeth were divided into 3 groups. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Lecturer, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China. Electronic address:

Mimicking the appearance of the adjacent natural tooth is challenging when restoring a fractured anterior tooth. This clinical report describes a modified index technique for restoring a class IV defect. A replica of the restored tooth was fabricated with computer-aided design and 3D printing technology, which precisely mimicked the contralateral incisor. Read More

Contemp Clin Dent 2019 Jul-Sep;10(3):554-557

Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Incidence of horizontal root fracture in permanent dentition is relatively uncommon with reported incidence being <7%. Treatment and prognosis of such injuries vary with the location of fracture line. More apical the fracture lines more likely the favorable outcome. Read More

J Am Dent Assoc 2020 Jun 15;151(6):454-463. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Background And Overview: The term "fracture necrosis" has been used to describe the condition found in a minimally restored tooth without a history of trauma when the suspected etiology for the loss of pulpal vitality is a crown-originating fracture. Teeth with fracture necrosis have a poor prognosis, and, when accompanied by characteristic radiographic findings, extraction may be considered the primary treatment option.

Case Descriptions: Two adult men with crown-originating fractures and suspected fracture necrosis had localized periodontal bone and attachment loss associated with severe pain on mastication from mandibular second molars. Read More

Dent Mater 2020 May 13;36(5):617-625. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Automobile and Transport Technology, Lutsk National Technical University, 75 Lvivska Str., Lutsk 43018, Ukraine(3).

Objectives: (1) To investigate the properties of acoustic emission (AE) signals from fracture of dental materials and endocrown restorations during quasi-static compression using the continuous wavelet transform analysis. (2) To determine by the parameters of AE signals in which structural element of tooth-endocrown system the fracture starts.

Methods: Five restorative materials (zirconium dioxide (Prettau zirconia), ceramics (IPS e. Read More

Vet Surg 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Objective: To determine the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw external fixation (PDW) for equine mandibular fracture repair and compare PDW to locking compression plates (LCP).

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Sixteen adult equine mandibles. Read More

Pediatr Dent 2020 Mar;42(2):141-145

Dr. Simon is a professor and director, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn., USA.

To compare fracture strength, failure mode, and chairside time of Class IV fractures restored with CEREC (Chairside Economic Restorations of Esthetic Ceramics) technology or direct composite. Forty-eight fractured anterior bovine teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (indirect restoration) with margin designs including: A) butt joint, B) short chamfer (one mm), and C) long chamfer (two mm) and a control group (direct composite). Preparations were scanned; restorations were milled from zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate blocks and cemented. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2020 Jan-Feb;31(1):4-13

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Puducherry, India.

Purpose: The history of dentistry is not short; it started from ancient Egypt to ancient Romans and ancient Greeks. When it comes to extraction, all of them have made their own discoveries and progress. The progress they made also helped dentistry to move ahead in evolution of new extraction technique - the Physics Forceps. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2020 27;7:59. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.

Mandibular fracture repair is complicated by limited availability of bone as well as the presence of the neurovascular bundle and an abundance of tooth roots. Fractures at the location of the mandibular first molar teeth are common and it can be particularly challenging to apply stable fixation. Non-invasive fracture repair techniques utilize intraoral placement of fixation devices typically involving polymerized composites and/or interdental wiring. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Mar 12;13(3). Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Prosthodontics, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India

Mandibular incisors show variations in their root canal anatomy from regular pattern in some cases. Magnification plays a vital role to identify those unusual canal morphologies. A certain modification in access cavity preparation is required to locate those extra canals. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Dec 10;7(23):4089-4093. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Public Health Dentistry, SMBT Dental College and Hospital, Sanagmner, Maharashtra 422608, India.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of enamel preparation designs bevel, chamfer and stair-step chamfer on the fracture resistance of nanocomposite.

Methods: The sample group of this study consisted of 72 non-carious permanent maxillary central incisors. The sample is divided into four groups of 18 each. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2020 Mar 11. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on hypophosphatasia-a rare genetic disease of very variable presentation and severity-with a special focus on adolescents and adults. It summarizes the available information on the many known mutations of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), the epidemiology and clinical presentation of the disease in adolescents and adults, and the essential diagnostic clues. The last section reviews the therapeutic approaches, including recent reports on enzyme replacement therapy (EnzRT). Read More

Clin Biochem Rev 2020 Feb;41(1):13-27

Unité d'Endocrinologie Maladies Osseuses, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphate, ERN BOND, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse; Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP) UMR INSERM 1043 CNRS 52828, Toulouse, France.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited systemic metabolic disease caused by mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase () gene. TNSALP is expressed in the liver, kidney and bone, and its substrates include TNSALP inorganic pyrophosphate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)/vitamin B6 and phosphoethanolamine (PEA). Autosomal recessive and dominant forms of the disease result in a range of clinical entities. Read More

Dent J (Basel) 2020 Mar 6;8(1). Epub 2020 Mar 6.

School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Scotland DD1 4HN, UK.

This cross-sectional survey was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of fractured incisors in 11-12-year-olds. In addition we explored the relationship with overjet, incompetent lips, incisor inclination and to determine if there was any association with ethnicity and gender. All permanent incisors were examined in 672 children comprising 356 females (53. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020 Jun 3;58(5):520-524. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Electronic address:

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is characterised by sustained or repetitive involuntary movements of the jaw, face, and tongue. People with the condition may present to their dentist, general practitioner, or a secondary care specialist with non-specific symptoms including jaw or facial pain, bruxism, subluxations or dislocations of the jaw; fractured teeth or dental restorations, or both; or jaw tremor. Many clinicians are not aware of the disorder and this can lead to delayed diagnoses, unnecessary complications, and inappropriate treatment. Read More

J Endod 2020 May 2;46(5):627-640. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Private Practice, Cetraro, Italy.

Introduction: Limited studies have examined tissue formation via immunofluorescence in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) performed on infected human teeth. This report investigated the immunofluorescent histologic outcomes of REPs in which repeated canal disinfection was required.

Methods: An 11-year-old girl presented with a fractured dens evaginatus (#29) with a sinus tract. Read More

J Feline Med Surg 2020 Mar 4:1098612X20904458. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the treatment and outcome of humeral condylar fractures and humeral intracondylar fissures in cats with patellar fracture and dental anomaly syndrome (PADS) and to provide advice on how to manage these cases in practice.

Methods: Data were collated on cats with PADS that were reported to have sustained humeral fractures or had fractures or fissures of the humerus identified on radiographs. The details of the fractures were recorded in addition to any treatment and outcome information. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2020 Feb 28. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. Electronic address:

Statement Of Problem: The bond strength of different chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials to dentin with different resin cements needs to be evaluated.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of 3 different cementation systems after thermal aging on the shear bond strength of different CAD-CAM materials.

Material And Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 63 molar teeth of similar size were removed, and 21 zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate (Vita Suprinity-VS), 21 polymer infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic-VE), and 21 resin nanoceramic (GC Cerasmart-GC) rectangular specimens of 2. Read More

Restor Dent Endod 2020 Feb 27;45(1):e8. Epub 2019 Dec 27.

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea.

The replacement of missing teeth, especially in the anterior region, is an essential part of dental practice. Fiber-reinforced composite resin bridges are a conservative alternative to conventional fixed dental prostheses or implants. It is a minimally invasive, reversible technique that can be completed in a single visit. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2020 May 20;123(5):753.e1-753.e7. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Professor, Dental Prosthesis, Department of Dentistry, University of Taubate (UNITAU), Taubate, Brazil. Electronic address:

Statement Of Problem: Studies on the mechanical behavior of restorative materials bonded to tooth structure and considering the properties of the material and the bonding between both substrates are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the hardness, fracture toughness, load-to-failure, cyclic fatigue, and stress distribution of 4 computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials when bonded to a substrate similar to dentin (G10).

Material And Methods: Disks (11×1. Read More

Eur J Med Genet 2020 Jun 17;63(6):103896. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is commonly caused by monoallelic mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2. Biallelic mutations are extremely rare. Only five previous reports have identified seven OI patients with homozygous mutations in COL1A2. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2020 Apr 7;112:104680. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Departament of Dental Clinic - Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Objective: TNF-α, which acts directly on osteoclastogenesis, may modify bone turnover. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of infliximab on extraction socket healing.

Material And Methods: Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (infliximab EV 5 mg / kg or saline EV 1 ml / kg) and submitted to lower first molar extraction protocol. Read More

Wien Med Wochenschr 2020 Apr 18;170(5-6):112-115. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

St. Vincent Hospital-2nd Medical Department, The VINFORCE Study Group, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disorder with perinatal, infantile, childhood, and adult presentations. Severe forms are autosomal recessive with an early onset, whereas milder forms have a later onset. The underlying cause of the disease is a mutation based on a genetic disorder of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene, leading on the one hand to decreased activity of the TNSALP enzyme, and on the other hand to accumulation of TNSALP substrates. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jan 13;12(1):e6640. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Pediatric Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU.

Coronal fracture of the anterior teeth is mainly common among children and adolescents. Though diverse treatment modalities are available, tooth fragment reattachment is generally considered a viable treatment option due to simplicity, natural aesthetics, and functional success. This paper presents a case of a 10. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2020 Jan-Feb;36(2):85-90

Fahim Vohra, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess dentin shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of bond failure of bioactive cement (BA) in comparison to conventional resin cement when photosensitized by Er,Cr: YSGG Laser (ECL).

Methods: The present in-vitro study was carried out from March 2019 to May 2019. Sixty permanent non-carious, intact, non-fractured molars were isolated and mounted vertically in acrylic resin. Read More

Dent Traumatol 2020 Feb 7. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Traumatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Background/aims: Adhesive fragment reattachment (AFR) is one treatment option for crown-root fractured teeth. However, there are no studies investigating the long-term outcome of this approach. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of AFR and periodontal health in crown-root fractured teeth by assessing complications and periodontal status. Read More

Bone Rep 2020 Jun 24;12:100247. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alchemist Hospital, Panchkula 134112, India.

Hypophosphatasia is an inborn error in metabolism characterized by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity resulting from deactivating mutations in (also known as ), the gene that encodes the 'tissue-specific' isoenzyme of ALP. The disease exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity that spans from death to only dental complications in adult life. Herein, we report a 47-year-old woman presenting with fracture of shaft of left femur. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2020 Feb 18;19(2):1432-1438. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Endocrinology, The 967th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China.

The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of different methods of calcium supplementation in osteoporosis (OP). Patients with OP were divided into four groups, including the control, oral calcium supplementation, intravenous calcium supplementation and combined calcium supplementation groups. The duration of the calcium supplementation was 3-6 years. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020 Feb;256(4):463-468

Case Description: A 9-year-old pony gelding was evaluated because it was suspected that a persistent oronasal fistula had developed after a fractured right maxillary second premolar tooth had been extracted via repulsion 6 months earlier.

Clinical Findings: Unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and malodorous breath were noted on clinical examination. Examination of the oral cavity revealed a 1 × 0. Read More

Biomater Investig Dent 2019 6;6(1):61-72. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

To investigate if primers can be used to modify bonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets. Stainless steel, zirconia-alumina ceramic and polycarbonate brackets were bonded to enamel with and without universal and bracket material specific primers on the bracket base. Orthodontic adhesive cement (Transbond™XT) was used for bonding. Read More