Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Arch Plast Surg 2018 Nov 15;45(6):593-597. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Tulsa Plastic Surgery, Tulsa, OK, USA.

Sternal malunion, or loss, developed after a median sternotomy cannot only be difficult to manage and treat, but also may diminish one's quality-of-life drastically. The technique presented here represents a multispecialty approach in one stage for the reconstruction of an unstable thoracic cage. The procedure utilized a donated sternum and ribs. Read More

Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Iatrogenic consequences of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) include sternal or rib fractures, pulmonary bone marrow embolisms (BME) and fat embolisms (FE). This report aimed to analyze the frequency and intensity of pulmonary BME and FE in fatal cases receiving final CPR efforts with the use of automated chest compression devices (ACCD) or manual chest compressions (mCC). The study cohort (all cardiac causes of death, no ante-mortem fractures) consisted of 15 cases for each group 'ACCD', 'mCC' and 'no CPR'. Read More

Surg Radiol Anat 2018 Nov 3. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Clavicle fractures are common injuries in adults and children. Although neurovascular damage is rarely seen, acute subclavian artery pseudoaneurysms and injuries to subclavian vessels were reported for closed fractures of the clavicle. The aim of this study was to identify the morphological details of the subclavian vessels and their relation to the sternoclavicular joint and body of the clavicle. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Oct;97(41):e12729

Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.

To assess the clinical and anatomical causes of cutaneous paresthesia after internal fixation of clavicle fractures.This study included 135 patients who underwent internal fixation of clavicle fractures from May 2013 to June 2016 at the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. The incidence of postoperative supraclavicular nerve injury, the duration of numbness, and improvements after plate removal were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Sports Med 2018 Dec;48(12):2715-2724

Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 13330 Laurel Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.

Sternal fractures were first described in published literature in the 19th century as a complication of traumatic injury. Though sternal fracture and other sternal injuries have been described in trauma literature, there remains a paucity of literature with regards to sternal injury in sport. Sternal injury may include disruption at the body, manubrium and xiphoid process, or at associated sternoclavicular, manubriosternal, and xiphisternal joints. Read More

Oper Orthop Traumatol 2018 Dec;30(6):469-478

Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Marienburgstr. 2, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.

Objective: Description of a novel technique to surgically correct (asymmetric) pectus carinatum and other chest deformities using a metal bar without fixation to the ribs.

Indications: Severe thoracic deformity, extensive psychological strain, social isolation, pain and respiratory complaints. Pseudarthrosis or insufficient correction of a thoracic deformity after prior surgery. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2018 Sep 8. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Background/purpose: Sternal fractures are rare in children. The purpose of this series is to document traumatic findings in pediatric patients with sternal fractures at a Level 1 trauma center.

Study Design: We reviewed the charts of patients with radiologically confirmed sternal fractures from a trauma database at a pediatric Level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 14;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Health Care for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.

An 84-year-old woman with previous spinal operations including vertebroplasty and lumbar decompressions was admitted electively under the spinal team for right-sided L4/5 decompression for worsening back pain which she undergoes using a posterior approach. Postoperatively, she develops stabbing upper central chest pain and given unremarkable chest X-ray, ECG and cardiac troponin, she undergoes a CT pulmonary angiogram which shows a fracture of the upper part of sternum but no pulmonary embolism. There is no history of recent trauma and this is deemed to be secondary to prolonged spinal surgery in the prone position in a patient with osteopenic bones. Read More

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2018 Aug 13;28(4):304-319. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, United States.

The procedure introduced by Donald Nuss in 1997 for the treatment of pectus excavatum at the American Pediatric Surgical Association meeting has now been adopted by pediatric, thoracic, and plastic surgeons around the world. Rather than resection of the costal cartilages and sternal fracture, which had been standard practice for decades, he advocated using a metal bar to push the sternum into position. Reasoning that the chest wall of children is very flexible, he felt that resection was unnecessary. Read More

Surg Radiol Anat 2018 Nov 27;40(11):1261-1265. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the location and distribution pattern of neurovascular structures superior and inferior to the clavicle by detailed dissection.

Methods: Fifteen adult non-embalmed cadavers with a mean age of 71.5 years were studied. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2018 Aug;50(4):732-736

Department of Urology, Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare sub-type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has been considered to be a kind of "indolent" tumor with low-grade fashion, weak invasive capacity and relatively favorable prognosis. However, in the current case, a 3. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2018 1;50:72-74. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Anesthesiology Unit, Antalya Gazipaşa State Hospital, Cumhuriyet District, Hastane Street, 07900, Gazipaşa, Antalya, Turkey.

Introduction: Multiple rib fractures exposes serious respiratory disorders and they are generally treated with non surgical methods. Nevertheless, in cases of long term pain despite medical treatment, parenchymal injury, hematoma, posture disorder and flail chest, surgery is needed. Flail chest, as the most critical form of blunt chest trauma, can disturb the hemodynamic of patient significantly and threaten life. Read More

A A Pract 2018 Dec;11(12):340-343

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.

Providing analgesia for patients with anterior rib and sternum fracture has been addressed from various types of modalities. Regional anesthesia via epidurals or peripheral nerve blocks, opiates, and other forms of multimodal pain regimens have been used. However, in the polytraumatic injury patient, positioning for an epidural may be problematic, and a predominantly opiate-based treatment plan may compromise respiratory status. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Aug 3. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Department of thoracic surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address:

There are studies confirmed that for severe flail chest or sternal fractures, even multiple rib fractures, surgery can effectively reduce hospital stay and relieve chest wall pain. But it is a challenge to fix too many costal cartilage fractures in such a small area if we just put internal fixator directly on the sternum. Through this case report we want to share our method of fixation of multiple costal cartilage and sternal fractures at the same time through a small incision, and it is also appropriate for multiple costal cartilage fractures without sternal fracture. Read More

Unfallchirurg 2018 Aug;121(8):605-614

Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Warener Str. 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.

Background: Fractures of the bony chest wall are common injuries. They affect almost every second severely injured person and are gaining more and more importance even after low-energy accidents, especially among older people. Complications mainly occur due to respiratory insufficiency, secondary pulmonary complications and remaining deformities with a functional disorder of the chest wall. Read More

Am J Surg 2018 Jul 25. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

University of California, Irvine, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, Orange, CA, USA.

Background: Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) can occur after chest trauma and may be associated with sternal fracture (SF). We hypothesized that injuries demonstrating a higher transmission of force to the thorax, such as thoracic aortic injury (TAI), would have a higher association with BCI.

Methods: We queried the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2007-2015 to identify adult blunt trauma patients. Read More

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2018 20;3(1):e000183. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Department of Surgery, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center Bergan Mercy, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

A 53-year-old man was admitted to our trauma center after sustaining thoracoabdominal injuries, secondary to a rear-end motor vehicle collision. As he stepped out of his vehicle, he was struck by a tractor trailer at 55 mph. The following were the initial vital signs on his arrival: heart rate 140 beats/min, blood pressure 142/80 mm Hg, respiratory rate 28 breaths/min, temperature 36. Read More

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2018;61(1):29-32

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty Hospital in Žilina, Slovakia.

Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumor of the uterus. Occasionally, they may reach an extreme dimension. The authors present a case of a 44-year old woman, who suffered a car accident as a driver of personal motor vehicle. Read More

World J Surg 2018 Jun 19. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Division of Trauma and Critical Care, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Introduction: Flail chest is considered a highly morbid condition with reported mortality ranging from 10 to 20%. It is often associated with other severe injuries, which may complicate management and interpretation of outcomes. The physiologic impact and prognosis of isolated flail chest injury is poorly defined. Read More

Turk J Emerg Med 2018 Jun 26;18(2):82-84. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.

A 74-year-old male with chronic kidney disease presented to the emergency department with asystole. Mechanical chest compression was started immediately using a piston-type thumper device. The initial potassium level was 7. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 6;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK.

A 41-year-old woman was visiting Oxford, where she had a sudden cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started by a bystander until the paramedics arrived, who found her in ventricular fibrillation, and delivered three shocks. After 28 min she had return of spontaneous circulation. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jan;32(1):7-13

Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, P.R.China.

Objective: To develop an anatomical locking plate in accordance with the anatomical characteristics of the sternoclavicular joint, which is reliable fixation and easy to operate, so as to provide an ideal internal fixation device for the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation or peripheral fractures.

Methods: Gross measurement and CT measurement were performed on the 8 adult antiseptic and moist cadaver specimens (16 sides) to measure the parameters of surrounding bone structure of the sternoclavicular joint. The parameters included the thickness of presternum, sternal notch width, anteroposterior diameter of proximal 1/3 of clavicle, upper and lower diameters of proximal 1/3 of clavicle, angle between proximal end of clavicle and presternum in coronal plane, and angle of thoracoclavicular joint at anatomic position forward. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Apr 19. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Infectious Diseases, and.

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2018 May;24(3):249-254

Department of Chest Surgery, Hitit University Çorum Training and Research Hospital, Çorum-Turkey.

Background: This study mainly aimed to determine the frequency of sternal fractures in thoracic trauma patients and to assess the differences in surgical need, cardiac findings, and treatment processes between patients with fracture on different sternal zones and displaced and non-displaced sternal fractures.

Methods: We analyzed the data of patients with sternal fracture due to thoracic trauma admitted to a state hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Patient data comprised demographics, trauma characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment process. Read More

Tissue Eng Part A 2018 Sep 29;24(17-18):1406-1412. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo, Japan .

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains numerous growth factors and promotes bone fracture healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the controlled release of PRP from biodegradable gelatin hydrogel for promoting healing in a rabbit ischemic sternal model. PRP was prepared from the whole blood of a Japanese white rabbit. Read More

Arch Osteoporos 2018 May 3;13(1):54. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.

This study investigated the real-world persistence rate and switches of teriparatide-treated patients using a claims database in Japan. The persistence rate of teriparatide at 12 months was 34.9%, and approximately one-third of the patients were not treated with any osteoporosis drugs after teriparatide. Read More

Conn Med 2017 Apr;81(4):215-222

Of 92030 patients with subdural hematoma (SDH) in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), 55729 had fall mechanisms of injury (61%), while 36301 had other traumatic mechanisms (nonfall, 39%). For nonfall mechanisms, the three associated injuries with the highest incidence were: skull fractures (43.3%), rib/sternum injuries (25. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Mar;10(3):1394-1405

Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.

Background: Sternum fractures are mostly located on the sternal corpus, seldom on the manubrium. Fractures of the sternal manubrium are, however, more frequently associated with severe concomitant injuries of thoracic organs, and therefore deserve special attention. In addition, in its function as a capstone in between the anterior chest wall and the shoulder girdle, it is exposed to a multiplicity of forces. Read More

Int Orthop 2018 Apr 26. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Suite G04.232, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Purpose: Traumatic sternal fractures are rare injuries. The most common mechanism of injury is direct blunt trauma to the anterior chest wall. Most (> 95%) sternal fractures are treated conservatively. Read More

Traffic Inj Prev 2018 02;19(sup1):S195-S198

d Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island.

Objective: To develop a disability metric for motor vehicle crash (MVC) thoracic injuries and compare functional outcomes between pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: Disability risk (DR) was quantified using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores within the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) for the top 95% most frequently occurring AIS 2, 3, 4, and 5 thoracic injuries in NASS-CDS 2000-2011. The NTDB contains a truncated form of the FIM score, including three items (self-feed, locomotion, and verbal expression), each graded from full functional dependence to full functional independence. Read More

Rev Pneumol Clin 2018 Apr 23;74(2):96-99. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Service de pneumologie, université de Sfax, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie.

Isolated sternal tuberculosis is a rarely described entity even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. We report the case of 25 old years patient who presented with a chest wall mass. Imaging concluded to a (ring-enhancing hypodense soft tissue mass surrounding the sternum with sternal fracture). Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Jun 26;105(6):1640-1647. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Insure (Institute of Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Background: Sternal dehiscence after median sternotomy is a challenging problem in situations of frail bone, fractures, or complete sternectomy. Plate osteosynthesis offers a promising approach to restore sternal integrity. However, there is only scarce data on mid-term outcome. Read More

Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Feb 27. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA.

Purpose: The surgical management of the patients with traumatic sternal fractures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an early surgical reconstruction of a displaced sternal fracture utilizing longitudinal rigid polymer fixation in the settings of an acute chest trauma.

Methods: To perform the sternal fixation, we utilized a longitudinal rigid plating system. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2018 Feb 23;48(1):24-27. Epub 2018 Feb 23.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate traumatic thorax complications in post-CPR patients and to investigate whether or not there has been a decrease in these complications since the adoption of current chest compression recommendations. Materials and methods: Post-CPR patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were admitted between January 2014 and January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients admitted to the ED in 2014 were resuscitated according to 2010 AHA CPR guidelines, while those admitted to the ED in 2015 were resuscitated according to current ERC CPR guidelines. Read More

Unfallchirurg 2018 Aug;121(8):642-648

Unfallchirurgische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

Background: Combinations of sternal and spinal fractures often occur due to high velocity accidents and are associated with a high incidence of concomitant injuries. The anterior thoracic wall is described as the fourth column of torso stability, which is why sternovertebral injuries (SVI) present a high risk of sagittal deformation of the trunk, in particular injuries of the thoracic spine. To date, no studies have been published on the frequency distribution of the involved vertebral bodies in large patient groups. Read More

Stapp Car Crash J 2017 Nov;61:27-51

DGA TT, Bourges, France.

The armies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization need a shoulder injury criterion for the EuroSID-2re dummy that must be reliable over a large range of loading conditions, from high velocity, short duration impacts (28 m/s - 3 ms) to low velocity long, duration impacts (4 m/s - 50 ms). In the literature, the human shoulder response to lateral impact was investigated at bounds of the loading condition spectrum as previously mentioned. For the low velocities, the injuries were mainly clavicle fractures and the maximum compression between the acromion and the sternum (Cmax) was proposed as an injury criterion. Read More

J Ultrason 2017 Dec 29;17(71):275-280. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

Self-education Sonography Group, Genetics Division, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

The chest wall is a vast and complex structure, hence the wide range of pathological conditions that may affect it. The aim of this publication is to discuss the usefulness of ultrasound for the diagnosis of benign lesions involving the thoracic wall. The most commonly encountered conditions include sternal and costal injuries and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Read More

Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2017 Sep-Dec;14(3):372-378. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

UOC Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

Introduction: The nonunion rate has been reported between 0.1% and 15%. There are also several predisposing factors for the onset of complications: general factors connected with the patient and specific factors related to the fracture site. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2018 Jan 19;4(1). Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 502 Clinical Sciences Building, MC 958, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.

The management of flail chest continues to evolve as scientific evidence and surgical experience accumulates. Flail chest injuries that span the sternum present a rare and complicated injury pattern that can be challenging to manage both medically and surgically. Our patient is a 69-year-old involved in a high-speed motor vehicle crash with respiratory failure secondary to an anterior flail chest. Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2018 Jan 15:1-4. Epub 2018 Jan 15.

a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Saiseikai Central Hospital , Tokyo , Japan.

Context: A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is a stainless steel pin with at least one sharpened tip that is mainly used for the internal fixation of bone fractures. While some cases of K-wire dislocation and migration have been reported as complications after fracture surgery, the intraspinal migration of a K-wire is rare. Herein, we report a case in which a K-wire used for sternal fixation 7 years earlier migrated into the spinal canal. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018 May;26(5):777-782

Department of Engineering Technology, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic.

Objectives: The number of turns at the end of a wire closure is not described or discussed in any cardiosurgical guidelines. The hands-on experience of the surgeon plays a significant role. The aim of this work was to clarify the relationship between the number of turns of the suture and the resulting strength of the sternal fixation. Read More

Acad Emerg Med 2018 Jul 25;25(7):738-743. Epub 2018 May 25.

Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Background: Scapular fractures have been traditionally taught to be associated with significant injuries and major morbidity. As we demonstrated with sternal fracture, pulmonary contusion, and rib fracture, increased chest computed tomography (CT) utilization and head-to-pelvis CT (pan-scan) protocols in blunt trauma evaluation, however, may diagnose minor, clinically irrelevant scapular fractures, possibly rendering previous teachings obsolete.

Objectives: The objectives were to determine the 1) percentages of scapular fractures seen on chest CT only (SOCTO) versus seen on both chest x-ray (CXR) and CT and of isolated scapular fracture (scapular fracture without other thoracic injuries); 2) frequencies of associated thoracic injury with scapular fracture; and 3) proportion of patients admitted, mortality, hospital length of stay, and injury severity scores (ISS), comparing four patient groups: scapular fracture, nonscapular fracture, scapular fracture SOCTO, and isolated scapular fracture. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2017 Dec;9(12):5093-5100

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.

Background: Chest wall resection and reconstruction (CWRR) is quite challenging in surgery, due to evolution in techniques. Neoplasms of the chest wall, primary or secondary, have been considered inoperable for a long time. Thanks to evolving surgical techniques, reconstruction after extensive chest wall resection is possible with good functional and aesthetic results. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018 May;26(5):888-889

Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Isolated sternal fractures are very rare in children. Pain management is the method of choice, but surgery may be indicated in selected cases with dislocated fractures. However, the indication for open reduction of sternal fractures is discussed controversially. Read More

Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2018 Jun;39(2):103-105

From the Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

We present the case of an adult white man found dead in a psychiatric institution with fine white powder (monoammonium phosphate) deposited over the entire face after he insufflated the contents of a dry chemical fire extinguisher. Fine white powder was present within the mouth and sinuses and lined the upper airways. On opening the thoracic cavity, approximately 500 g of fine white powder was present within the right thoracic cavity. Read More

Traffic Inj Prev 2018 04 7;19(3):280-286. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

d Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Hasbro Children's Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island.

Objective: Characterization of the severity of injury should account for both mortality and disability. The objective of this study was to develop a disability metric for thoracic injuries in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and compare the functional outcomes between the pediatric and adult populations.

Methods: Disability risk (DR) was quantified using Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores within the National Trauma Data Bank for the most frequently occurring Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2-5 thoracic injuries. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2017 Jul-Aug;7(4):76-79

Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Insufficiency fractures (IFs) are a subtype of stress fractures commonly associated with osteoporosis and Vitamin D deficiency. These nontraumatic fractures often occur in the pelvis and spine, but the involvement of other unusual sites is also not very uncommon. Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scan are the most commonly used imaging modalities for the diagnosis of IF. Read More

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2018 Dec 22;28(6):529-533. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

Department of Children and Adolescents Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.

Introduction:  Severe trampoline injuries in children and adolescents are rare; however, minor injuries are common and their incidence is increasing. Severe injuries are most commonly head and neck injuries. They may result in long-term morbidity. Read More