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Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):80-86

Bioscience Research Center, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the effect on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of a double layer application of three universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode to proximal dentin/cementum gingival margins of class II direct composite restorations, immediately and after 12 months water storage.

Methods: 66 molars with compound class II cavities, with gingival margin 1 mm below CEJ, were divided into three groups according to the universal adhesive used. The adhesives evaluated included All-Bond Universal (AB), Single Bond Universal (SB), and Prime&Bond Elect (PB). Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 Mar 26. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Attending Surgeon, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN.

Purpose: Safety equipment for recreational cycling is commonly designed to protect the calvarium, but not the face, in the event of a crash. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of facial injuries and their most common subcategories due to cycling injuries and to serve as an anatomical guide of what facial structures most need protection.

Methods: We report a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Read More

Braz J Anesthesiol 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address:

Phenylketonuria is a rare disorder that increases the levels of phenylalanine in the blood. As there are scant articles about anesthesia management in phenylketonuria patients, this encouraged us to report a short-time anesthesia management of a child with phenylketonuria for bone fracture. The anesthesia was induced with intravenous ketamine and midazolam. Read More

Med Clin North Am 2021 May 2;105(3):551-562. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 359608, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

The eyelids and orbit encompass intricate bony and soft tissue structures that work harmoniously in concert to protect, support, and nourish the eye in order to facilitate and maintain its function. Insult to periorbital and orbital anatomy can compromise orbital and ocular homeostasis. This article provides a foundational overview of eyelid and orbital anatomy, as well as common and key disorders that may confront internists and medical subspecialists. Read More

Bone Joint J 2021 Apr 30:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Aims: Following cast removal for nonoperatively treated distal radius fractures, rehabilitation facilitated by advice leaflet and advice video were compared to a course of face-to-face therapy.

Methods: Adults with an isolated, nonoperatively treated distal radius fracture were included at six weeks post-cast removal. Participants were randomized to delivery of rehabilitation interventions in one of three ways: an advice leaflet; an advice video; or face-to-face therapy session(s). Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Apr 26;81:105839. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan. Electronic address:

Introduction: Facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) injury causes functional, aesthetic, and psychological difficulties. The second most common cause of facial nerve palsy is trauma.

Presentation Of Cases: A previously healthy 21-year-old worker, was brought to emergency room after car accident, with complete paralysis of all muscles of the left side of his face. Read More

Malays Orthop J 2021 Mar;15(1):100-104

Department of Orthopaedics, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Ashford, United Kingdom.

Introduction: COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the entire health system. The trauma and orthopaedic service has been compelled to alter working practices to respond proactively and definitively to the crisis. The aim of this study is to summarise the impact of this outbreak on the trauma and orthopaedic workload and outline the response of the department. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 30;12:627595. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

Deep subsurface environments are decoupled from Earth's surface processes yet diverse, active, and abundant microbial communities thrive in these isolated environments. Microbes inhabiting the deep biosphere face unique challenges such as electron donor/acceptor limitations, pore space/fracture network limitations, and isolation from other microbes within the formation. Of the few systems that have been characterized, it is apparent that nutrient limitations likely facilitate diverse microbe-microbe interactions (i. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.

The Australian Health Economics Model of Osteoporosis (AusHEMO) has shown good face, internal and cross validities, and can be used to assist healthcare decision-making in Australia.

Purpose: This study aimed to document and validate the risk engine of the Australian Health Economics Model of Osteoporosis (AusHEMO).

Methods: AusHEMO is a state-transition microsimulation model. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Oral and maxillofacial fractures are the most common injuries among multiple trauma. About 5% to 10% of trauma patients having facial fractures. The objectives of this case study are to focus the most common mid-face fractures types' and to determine the relationship of the midface fracture in maxillofacial trauma among the patient who attended the outpatient clinic in a Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK.

Introduction: Early diagnosis is key to managing scaphoid fractures effectively. Computed tomography (CT) imaging can be effective if plain radiographs are negative. With increasing pressure on face-to-face clinics, consultant-led virtual fracture clinics (VFCs) are becoming increasingly popular. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 Apr 13;12(1):2218. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.

Revealing the atomistic mechanisms for the high-temperature mechanical behavior of materials is important for optimizing their properties for service at high-temperatures and their thermomechanical processing. However, due to materials microstructure's dynamic recovery and the absence of available in situ techniques, the high-temperature deformation behavior and atomistic mechanisms of materials are difficult to evaluate. Here, we report the development of a microelectromechanical systems-based thermomechanical testing apparatus that enables mechanical testing at temperatures reaching 1556 K inside a transmission electron microscope for in situ investigation with atomic-resolution. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2021 Apr 3:1-10. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India.

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China (December 2019). The disease rapidly crossed the barrier of countries, continents and spread globally. Non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, face mask, frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer remained the best available option to prevent the spread of disease. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 22;11:617803. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.

About 20-30 percent of patients with cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, will develop brain metastases (BM). Primary and secondary brain tumors are often accompanied by peritumoral edema. Due to the limited intracranial space, peritumoral edema will further increase the intracranial pressure and aggravate clinical symptoms. Read More

Injury 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the fracture patterns of the acetabular posterior wall based on quantitative measurements of the fracture characteristics.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography images of 51 patients with acetabular posterior wall fractures from an initial cohort of 216 acetabular fractures were imported into a three-dimensional (3D) virtual software. The reconstructed 3D images were utilized to evaluate the following: (i) fracture line mapping on the inner articular and retro-acetabular surfaces, (ii) common zones of fracture and marginal impaction, and (iii) categorization by location and pattern of comminution. Read More

J Zoo Wildl Med 2021 Apr;52(1):366-372

Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

The fixation of fractures in wild animals has been a great challenge for veterinarians, because they will inevitably face a unique anatomical characteristic with scarce studies or reports published. Fracture fixation should promote adequate stability and early return to limb function, taking into account biomechanical characteristics of the bones, body weight, and natural habits of wildlife. Three bone fractures from two giant anteaters () referred at the veterinary teaching hospital on different occasions were treated by a double plating technique. Read More

Injury 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, Orthopaedic Department, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Achieving the best possible articular congruity following a tibial plateau (TP) fracture is associated with better long-term functional outcomes; TP has an essential role in the movements of the knee joint and is well established that a not optimal reduction leads to articular instability and early osteoarthritis. In recent times, 3D reconstruction from CT scan has greatly contributed to improve the surgical treatment of these fractures since an accurate preoperative plan gives the possibility to decide the best interventional strategy before the surgical incision. Reduction of the posterior part of tibial plateau is not easily achievable with standard surgical access. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2021 Mar 22;14(6). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of East Sarajevo, Vuka Karadžića 30, 71123 East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In order to ensure a quality welded joint, and thus safe operation and high reliability of the welded part or structure achieved by friction stir welding, it is necessary to select the optimal welding parameters. The parameters of friction stir welding significantly affect the structure of the welded joint, and thus the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Investigation of the influence of friction stir welding parameters was performed on 6-mm thick plates of aluminum alloy AA2024 T351. Read More

Sci Adv 2021 Mar 31;7(14). Epub 2021 Mar 31.

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

The Cantor high-entropy alloy (HEA) of CrMnFeCoNi is a solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure. While plastic deformation in this alloy is usually dominated by dislocation slip and deformation twinning, our in situ straining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments reveal a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation in an ultrafine-grained Cantor alloy. We find that the crack-tip structural evolution involves a sequence of formation of the crystalline, lamellar, spotted, and amorphous patterns, which represent different proportions and organizations of the crystalline and amorphous phases. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2021 Mar 22. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Introduction: Self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the face frequently result in devastating injuries; however, there is a paucity of large experiences describing determinants of mortality and outcomes.

Methods: Using the National Trauma Databank from 2007 to 2015, patients suffering self-inflicted firearm facial injuries were included.

Results: Over 9 years 7869 patients were included: 87. Read More

Bone Jt Open 2021 Mar;2(3):211-215

Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Aims: Virtual fracture clinics (VFCs) are advocated by recent British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOASTs) to efficiently manage injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of this national study is to assess the impact of these standards on patient satisfaction and clinical outcome amid the pandemic. The secondary aims are to determine the impact of the pandemic on the demographic details of injuries presenting to the VFC, and to compare outcomes and satisfaction when the BOAST guidelines were first introduced with a subsequent period when local practice would be familiar with these guidelines. Read More

Appl Bionics Biomech 2021 4;2021:8879847. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-210, Poland.

The more we know about mechanisms of the human orbital blowout type of trauma, the better we will be able to prevent them in the future. As long as the mechanism's veracity is not in doubt, the mechanism is not based on equally strong premises. To investigate the correctness of the hydraulic mechanism's theory, two different methods of implementation of the hydraulic load to the finite element method (FEM) model of the orbit were performed. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2021 Mar 17. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.

Abstract: This paper presents the outcomes of a conservative approach to greenstick condylar fracture treatment in a child. Serial changes of the inclination angle were measured in a greenstick fracture of the mandibular subcondyle treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF).A 7-year-old girl presented with the complaint of pain on her chin. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2021 Apr 10;5(4):bvab016. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Context: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex aneuploidy in men. Affected males have hypogonadism, and, as a result, face an increased risk for osteoporosis and fractures. Androgen therapy is standard in adolescents and adults with KS but has not been used earlier in childhood. Read More

Orthop Res Rev 2021 9;13:35-45. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Lower limb fractures account for approximately one-third of all fractures. Lower limb fracture complications are one of the major reasons for hospital stays and have high impact on rehabilitation services. Functional limitations with lower extremities fractures are related to decreased functional mobility, the need for long term use of assistive devices, lack of independence, and the long term need for assistive care. Read More

Aust Vet J 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.

Objective: To identify whether a theoretical predictable safe corridor is available in cats for placement of trans-iliac pins without the use of fluoroscopy.

Methods: Twenty-one cats with straight orthogonal normal pelvic radiographs were included. Two start points were evaluated: a midpoint and a dorsal point. Read More

Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020 Jul-Dec;10(2):495-500. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

School of Dentistry, University Center of Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Trauma in the face region has a very varied etiology and can be associated with several important structures. Isolated fractures in the orbit region correspond to about 4 to 16% of all facial fractures and this incidence increases to 30 to 55% if we take into account fractures that expand to extraorbital regions. The present clinical report aims to describe the case of a male patient, 21-years-old, victim of a motorcycle accident with facial trauma and traumatic brain injury due to frontal collision. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021 Mar 8;13(10):12454-12462. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.

Infection and delayed wound healing are two major serious complications related to traumatic injuries and cause a significant burden to patients and society. Most currently available drug delivery materials typically carry a single drug, lack protection from drug loading, and face challenges in on-demand and precisely controlled drug release. Here, we report a flower ()-inspired capsule-integrated multilayer nanofilm (FICIF), synthesized using a layer-by-layer self-assembly, for programmed multiple drug co-delivery for trauma (open fracture as an example) treatments. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2021 Mar 1;13(3):e215-e220. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Tutor. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Dental Institute. Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Zygomatic complex fracture is second most common mid face fracture and frequent amongst the maxillofacial trauma. Fracture pattern ranges from simple to comminuted and from minimally displaced to severely displaced depending on various factors.

Material And Methods: 98 patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture reporting during December 2017 to January 2020 were included in the study. Read More