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J Cutan Pathol 2021 Feb 11. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genodermatosis with a lifelong propensity to develop malignant skin tumors.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 24 XP patients were evaluated with regard to frequency and clinicopathological features of benign and malignant skin tumors.

Results: Seventeen patients had at least one malignant skin tumor diagnosed: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 13 patients (n = 72), basosquamous carcinoma in three patients (n = 4), squamous cell carcinoma in six patients (n = 13), keratoacanthoma in three patients (n = 15), and melanoma in six patients (n = 18). Read More

BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 31;16(1):414. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, 010010, Hohhot, China.

Background: Congenital goiter is a common thyroid metabolic disorder characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone, subsequent secretion of excess thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, and compensatory hyperplasia of the glands. The presence of signet ring cells (SRCs) does not provide sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of a thyroid tumor, making histopathological diagnosis challenging. In addition, SRCs can also appear in congenital goiter. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 01 20;224(1):72.e1-72.e50. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN.

Background: Uterine fibroids are one of the most common neoplasms found among women globally, with a prevalence of approximately 11 million women in the United States alone. The morbidity of this common disease is significant because it is the leading cause of hysterectomy and causes significant functional impairment for women of reproductive age. Factors including age, body mass index, race, ethnicity, menstrual blood loss, fibroid location, and uterine and fibroid volume influence the incidence of fibroids and severity of symptoms. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Mar 13;2020. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine.

Summary: Papillary thyroid gland carcinoma is the most common type of malignancy of the endocrine system. Metastases to the pituitary gland have been described as a complication of papillary thyroid cancer in few reported cases since 1965. We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient with a well-differentiated form of thyroid gland cancer. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2020 08 25;140(8):1556-1565.e11. Epub 2020 Jan 25.

Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany. Electronic address:

We analyzed the role of WIF1 in normal and acanthotic epidermis of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-treated and basal cell carcinoma (BCC)-bearing mice. WIF1 protein is located in the follicular infundibulum and interfollicular epidermis (IFE) in murine back skin. Within the hyperplastic epidermis of TPA- or ATRA-treated or BCC-bearing murine skin, WIF1 and Keratin 10 overlap in Ki67 suprabasal layers, while basal epidermal layers expressing Ki67, and BCCs expressing Wif1 mRNA, are free of WIF1 protein. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019 1;12(10):3949-3952. Epub 2019 Oct 1.

Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.

The metastasis of cancer to the pituitary gland is uncommon but may mimic a typical pituitary adenoma. Such cancers often derive from the breasts or the lungs, or very rarely from thyroid carcinoma. We described the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with headaches and pain to the right eye. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 Oct;7(20):3259-3265

Department of Endocrinology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.

Background: Pituitary apoplexy represents one of the most serious, life threatening endocrine emergencies that requires immediate management. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) can induce pituitary apoplexy in those patients who have insidious pituitary adenoma coincidentally.

Case Summary: A 46-year-old woman, with a history of hypertension and menorrhagia was transferred to our hospital from a secondary care hospital after complaints of headache and vomiting, with loss of consciousness 5 min after an injection of GnRHa. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2019 Sep 17;25(5):761-764. Epub 2019 May 17.

Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Endocr J 2019 Jul 19;66(7):653-656. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 1138655, Japan.

A 34-year-old woman presented our hospital with complaint of irregular menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding lasting for a month. After her second parturition at the age of 27, her menstrual cycle had been regular, but it suddenly became irregular at the age of 30. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed the presence of ovarian mass, and the patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopic surgery. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2019 06;26(6):R305-R317

First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Circadian rhythms at a central and peripheral level are operated by transcriptional/translational feedback loops involving a set of genes called 'clock genes' that have been implicated in the development of several diseases, including malignancies. Dysregulation of the Clock system can influence cancer susceptibility by regulating DNA damage and repair mechanisms, as well as apoptosis. A number of oncogenic pathways can be dysregulated via clock genes' epigenetic alterations, including hypermethylation of clock genes' promoters or variants of clock genes. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2019 Aug 25;46(8):555-562. Epub 2019 Apr 25.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois.

Differentiating melanocytic hyperplasia (MH) on photodamaged skin from junctional lentiginous melanocytic proliferations (JLMP), early evolving melanoma in situ (MIS), or the periphery of a lesion of MIS on staged excision can be challenging. Although previous cross-sectional studies have elucidated important criteria for distinguishing MH on photodamaged skin from more concerning lesions, this study highlights a technique to treat JLMP and MIS with staged mapped excision and baseline scouting biopsies of adjacent nonlesional photodamaged skin to assist in determination of surgical margin clearance. Additionally, we compare the lesional and photodamaged control biopsies from the same patient to evaluate relevant histologic criteria that may be used to distinguish MH in photodamaged skin from JLMP/MIS, while minimizing confounding factors. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jun 14;126:e1183-e1189. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China; China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Chinese Pituitary Adenoma Cooperative Group, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of hypopituitarism and its reversibility after surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA); analyze the correlation between tumor size and hypopituitarism incidence; and predict hypopituitarism by tumor volume and maximum diameter.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 164 patients with NFPA who underwent surgical treatment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016. Demographic, imaging, and endocrine data were collected during preoperative, postoperative, and long-term follow-up (21. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2019 Nov;41(11):810-818

CellCOM-SB Research Group Department, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.

Introduction: Benign cutaneous tumors with follicular differentiation are alleged to differentiate toward parts of the hair follicle. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein, the tumoral role of which has been investigated in several types of tumors.

Objective: To study the pattern of expression of Cx43 in benign cutaneous tumors with follicular differentiation and to compare it with that shown by their alleged anatomical counterparts of the hair follicle. Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2019 28;2019:4606493. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Tumor of the follicular infundibulum or infundibuloma is a relatively rare benign adnexal tumor usually solitary and located in the head, neck, and trunk. Here we present a 70-year-old woman with a tender vulvar lesion. Histopathologic exam shows a well-circumscribed lesion with a subepidermal horizontally oriented, plate-like proliferation of pale appearing squamous epithelial cells with numerous points of connections with the overlying epidermis and peripheral palisading. Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2019 11;70(2):213-217. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Isotope Therapy, Medical University Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.

Acromegaly is associated with increased growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) secretion which may support tumour development and growth. A 68-year-old woman was diagnosed with acromegaly due to typical clinical and hormonal characteristics. While contrast-enhanced MRI at diagnosis did not reveal a pituitary adenoma, a 5-mm lesion was identified on repeat scanning 13 months later. Read More

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019 Jan;39(1):125-126

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.

Thyroglobulin is the most important and abundant protein in thyroid follicles and has been widely studied as a tumor marker of thyroid cancer recurrence and persistence. Tg is considered the material basis of thyroid hormone synthesis and does not participate in the regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion regulation via a negative feedback regulation mechanism by the thyroid-hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2019 Jan 4;5(1):15-18. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department Of Dermatology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.

Physiol Rev 2019 01;99(1):739-780

Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena , Siena , Italy ; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital , Florence , Italy.

Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. Read More

Mediators Inflamm 2018 14;2018:5427089. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland.

Prolactin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of many physiological processes including lactation, reproduction, fat metabolism, and immune response. The secretion of prolactin could be disturbed by an immune stress commonly accompanying infection. This study was designed to determine the influence of bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-on prolactin gene (PRL) expression and prolactin release from the ovine anterior pituitary (AP) explants collected from saline- and LPS-treated ewes in the follicular phase. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 May 31;4(4):330-332. Epub 2018 Mar 31.

Division of Dermatology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.

Am J Surg Pathol 2018 05;42(5):587-594

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

The initial description of Carney complex (CNC) in 1985 included myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity (of the adrenal, the pituitary, and the testis). In 1997, thyroid neoplasms were found in 3 patients with CNC and involvement of the gland in the syndrome was apparent. Herein, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and follow-up findings in 26 patients with CNC and a disorder of the thyroid gland. Read More

Thyroid 2018 04 19;28(4):481-487. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

2 Department of Internal Medicine, Alaska Native Medical Center , Anchorage, Alaska.

Background: Nationwide, the incidence of thyroid cancer is lower among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people than among U.S. whites (USW). Read More

J Dermatol 2018 Feb 15;45(2):220-223. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.

Case 1 was a 75-year-old Japanese man who presented with a poorly demarcated, dark-red nodule with a destructive defect in the center, measuring 3 cm × 2 cm on the right wing of his nose. The histological diagnosis was a common form of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma. Atypical neoplastic cells radiated from the wall of a follicular infundibulum. Read More

Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017 Nov 5;296(5):957-963. Epub 2017 Sep 5.

Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of the reproductive system characterized by polycystic ovaries and androgen excess. Letrozole is a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that is used in experimental research to induce PCOS. Kisspeptin is an essential protein in regulation of cyclicity. Read More

Int J Womens Dermatol 2017 Sep 26;3(3):154-156. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.

Warty (follicular) dyskeratoma (WD) is a discrete nodular lesion that demonstrates the characteristic histopathologic findings of acantholysis and dyskeratosis. WDs most commonly occur on the head and neck of adults. We present a case of WD that occurred on the mons pubis of a 53-year-old woman. Read More

Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017 10 24;61:84-99. Epub 2017 Jun 24.

C.I.I.S.A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address:

The oviduct plays important roles in the early reproductive process. The aim of this study was to evaluate gene transcription and protein expression of progesterone receptor (PGR), estrogen receptors 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2); oxytocin receptor (OXTR); prostaglandin F2α synthase (AKR1C3), and prostaglandin E2 synthase (Ptges) in mare oviduct in different estrous cycle stages. Estradiol (E), progesterone (P), oxytocin (OXT), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) effect on in vitro PGE and prostaglandin F2α (PGF) secretion by equine oviduct explants or by oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) were also assessed. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2017 Oct 11;114:313-321. Epub 2017 Jun 11.

Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland.

The goal of this in situ hybridization and image analysis technique is to study the effects of new pharmacological/chemical entities on the thyroid and pituitary gland in rats, reveal the pathogenesis of thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and to retrospectively exclude the risk of thyroid tumor development in humans. In the present study, we describe the increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone- (TSH-) beta subunit mRNA in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland and the quantitative measurement of TSH mRNA positive cells from rats of three 4-week toxicity studies treated with three different test compounds inducing thyroid follicular cell and hepatocellular hypertrophy in rats. Compared to immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH) for TSH was found to be more sensitive. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017 Jan-Apr;21(1):115-118

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D. Y. Patil University School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a benign epithelial tumor which presents clinically as a proliferating dome-shaped keratin-filled crater. The lesion occurs predominantly upon sun-exposed areas of the body and is known to arise from hair follicle. Actinic rays are a major contributing factor in the etiology. Read More