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Curr Eye Res 2020 Jun 16:1-4. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Ophathmology Department, Centro Hospitalar De Leiria , Leiria, Portugal.

Purpose/aim: Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is an ocular manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but no studies have analyzed whether it can be improved by nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of CPAP on FES by comparing objective measurements before and after 6 months of CPAP therapy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 47 patients (74. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020 Apr 24;237(4):534-536. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Augenklinik, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schweiz.

Background: Globe luxation due to incarceration of the eyelids behind the globe can occur in patients with proptosis and lax eyelids. It is important to identify this rare event to prevent recurrent episodes with possible serious complications, such as optic neuropathy.

History And Signs: We present two patients (aged 54 and 83, both male) with recurrent painful globe luxation due to lid incarceration. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Mar 25. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

Introduction: The floppy eyelid syndrome describes an eyelid disorder characterized by floppy tarsal plates that may be caused by a loss of elastin. The authors attempted to create floppy eyelids by digesting elastin from cadaveric tarsus and then treated them with cross-linking using ultraviolet A and riboflavin.

Methods: Nine right and 9 left upper eyelids were excised from cadavers. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2019 Dec 29;31(4):450-453. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Pathology Department, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To report a case of pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) and a review of the literature.

Methods: A 32-year-old man was referred to our clinic with bilateral eyelid swelling and blepharoptosis. On examination, marked blepharoptosis was noted, and his eyelids were found to be floppy. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Dec 16;19(1):255. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Background: Floppy eyelid syndrome is a disorder in which the tarsal plate is easily distensible and is currently treated with conservative or surgical measures. Human tarsal plate contains type I collagen, which is crosslinked in corneal tissue as a treatment for keratoconus. We hypothesized that collagen crosslinking would similarly stiffen tarsal plate tissue and investigated this in porcine and human tarsal plate specimens. Read More

Strabismus 2020 03 12;28(1):42-48. Epub 2019 Dec 12.

Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran.

: Determining the age and gender distribution of ocular disorders in Down syndrome patients aged 10 to 30 years.: In this study, 226 of 250 invited patients through special needs schools, the National Down Syndrome Society, and relevant nonprofit organizations were included. In Noor Eye Hospital, the patients underwent a complete eye examination by a general ophthalmologist and suspect cases were reexamined by a sub-specialist. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2020 Jan 25;95(1):45-47. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, España.

A 55-year-old male presented with an infectious keratitis in his left eye, affecting one of the incisions of the radial keratotomy he had undergone thirty-four years ago. Suturing the incision with two simple interrupted stitches was key to the resolution of the infection. Floppy eyelid syndrome was also found in this patient. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Oct 29;7(10):e2464. Epub 2019 Oct 29.

Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn.

The purpose of this article is to present a modified approach to the reconstruction of the upper and lower eyelids in floppy eyelid syndrome. A retrospective chart review was performed on all floppy eyelid patients who underwent simultaneous tightening of the upper and lower eyelid with a lateral tarsal strip, using a V-shaped incision in the lateral canthus, at University of Tennessee Hamilton Eye Institute from 2011 to 2012. Preoperative symptoms, surgical outcomes, complication rates, and postoperative symptoms were recorded. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2019 Nov;116(11):1091-1102

Klinik für Augenheilkunde und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.

Clinically, the floppy eyelid syndrome is a frequent but underdiagnosed condition. This clinical phenotype is characterized by an extreme laxity of the eyelid, which is enlarged and has a rubber-like structure in combination with a pronounced hyperelastic tarsus. When looking down, minimal vertical tension can trigger spontaneous eversion of the upper eyelid leading to chronic papillary conjunctivitis. Read More

Ocul Surf 2020 01 5;18(1):31-39. Epub 2019 Oct 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is defined as eyelid hyperlaxity with reactive palpebral conjunctivitis. It is a common condition that can be associated with significant ocular irritation. FES presents with easily everted eyelids and chronic papillary conjunctivitis in the upper eyelids. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Oct;30(7):2249-2250

Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava, Israel.

Introduction: Lash ptosis is often an overlooked sign that may coexist with congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. This is a report of case series of patients presented in an oculoplastic clinic with visual field loss associated with lash ptosis. On examination, the primary pathology was attributed to lash ptosis dehiscence. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 Nov;30(6):513-524

Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the ocular and systemic associations of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) as well as provide an up-to-date review on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Recent Findings: Virtually all patients with FES have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, a significantly lower proportion of patients with OSA have FES. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2019 Jun 8;31(2):225-228. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.

Purpose: To describe three individuals with severe keratitis and a substantial delay before floppy associated eyelid syndrome (FES) was identified, and to estimate the prevalence of severe corneal disease in individuals with FES.

Methods: We defined severe keratitis as corneal ulceration, vascularization or scar that affected vision. We recorded the clinical characteristics, the duration of symptoms before the diagnosis of FES, subsequent management and outcome. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Mar;63(1):2-9

"Marius Nasta Pneumophtisiology Institute, Bucharest, Romania; "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

The purpose of this paper is to review the association between a medical entity called the floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and a very serious respiratory disease with repercussions on various other body organs and systems: the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of these two diseases are intertwined but still not enough recognized. Eye disorders affect a great number of patients in modern societies and the cause of their suffering is often left undiscovered, practitioners preferring a symptomatic treatment. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Sep 17;47(7):864-870. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

Ocular Plastics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Importance: Floppy eyelid syndrome "plasty" (FESplasty) is a surgical technique that addresses underlying superior tarsal plate and lateral canthal instability in floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and aims to restore normal anatomical and physiological function to the upper eyelid.

Background: To describe the use of FESplasty in the surgical management of FES, and to report outcomes in an initial patient cohort.

Design: Retrospective study. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 May 9;42(5):471-476. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of ophthalmology, university hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France.

Purpose: To evaluate overall upper eyelid laxity according to age and sleep position.

Methods: This single-center prospective study was conducted on healthy subjects between 20 and 89 years of age and was approved by the institutional review board and the ethics committee. Data collected were age, sex, weight and height, ophthalmological history, general history (diabetes, hypertension, smoking) and preferred sleep position (lateral, ventral, dorsal decubitus or no preference). Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Apr 15;42(4):e173-e175. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Mar/Apr;35(2):197-201

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of permanent medial tarsorrhaphy and to describe the surgical technique.

Methods: Medial tarsorrhaphy was performed on 30 eyelids with symptomatic exposure keratopathy secondary to eyelid malposition. Observational, retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative examination findings was performed. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Jun 31;14:14-15. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Purpose: To report the possible connection between Stickler syndrome and floppy eyelid syndrome.

Observations: A 36-year-old man with genetically confirmed Stickler syndrome presented with prominent bilateral eyelid laxity consistent with floppy eyelid syndrome. He had a high-arched palate and reported years of apneic episodes during sleep consistent with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2019 09 16;102(5):523-527. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Ocul Surf 2018 07 3;16(3):331-336. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA. Electronic address:

Purpose: Lax eyelid syndrome (LES) is defined as the association of distensible "floppy" eyelids and chronic papillary conjunctivitis. LES is also found in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who have systemic elevation of inflammatory markers, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Locally elevated MMP levels have also been demonstrated co-localized with elastin loss in eyelids of patients with LES, accounting for their "floppiness. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Feb 23;18(1):55. Epub 2018 Feb 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China.

Background: Known causes of superficial punctuate keratopathy (SPK) in children include entropion, viral infection, blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC), and toxicity of eye drops. However, there are some SPK patients whose causes could not be identified well. Herein, we describe the history, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a rare case. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 06 21;32(6):1117-1122. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK.

Objectives: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of lateral tarsal strip (LTS) with Bick's procedure in treatment of eyelid malposition.

Methods: A retrospective, consecutive case series of patients who underwent LTS and Bick's procedure for all types of involutional lower eyelid malposition, at two centers between January 2012 and 2015. Statistical analyses of differences between groups were performed using the Fisher's exact test to compare non-continuous variables and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2018 05 2;32(5):889-903. Epub 2018 Feb 2.

Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasing in prevalence due to rising obesity. While OSA is a disorder primarily of the upper airway during sleep, its pathophysiological impact on other body systems is increasingly recognised. There has been interest in the prevalence of OSA in different ophthalmic conditions and possible causation has been postulated. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2018 02;80(2S Suppl 1):S40-S47

Background: Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is typically characterized by chronic eye irritation and an increased laxity of the upper eyelid that can be easily everted by applying minimal upward traction. However, it is a clinical entity that is less known to most plastic surgeons. Blepharoptosis is one of the most common features, which links to FES, for which a thorough differential diagnosis has become important in directing proper medical treatment. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2017 ;59(1):62-67

Department of Ophthalmology, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey.

Bayraktar C, Şimşek A. Evaluation of choroidal thickness measurements in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 62-67. Read More

J Clin Sleep Med 2017 Nov 15;13(11):1345-1348. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Brown University, Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) incurs a host of systemic side effects. The eyes are particularly susceptible to both mechanical and vascular sequelae of the disease. This paper outlines the ocular manifestations of sleep apnea. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 10;135(10):1055-1061

Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Importance: While much has been reported on the relationship between floppy eyelid syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the diagnostic criteria of floppy eyelid syndrome are often subjective and vague.

Objective: To evaluate the association between OSA and quantitative markers of eyelid laxity or secondary ocular surface disease in a sleep clinic population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This investigation was a cross-sectional observational study at the Center for Sleep Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Read More

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2017 05 18;87(1):766. Epub 2017 May 18.

Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes, Respiratory Rehabilitation Division.

The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with several eyes disorders, among which the most common is the floppy eyelid syndrome (FES). We intended to highlight the association between OSAS and FES and evaluate the effect of FES treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). A 50-year patient with a 10-year history of snoring, sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness associated with several comorbidities has been studied. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Mar 7;2017. Epub 2017 Mar 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Eur J Ophthalmol 2017 Nov;27(6):670-674

3 School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran - Iran.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of eyelid laxity and quantify eyelid measurements in normal and keratoconic eyes and the correlations of these findings with ophthalmic parameters and disease severity in patients with keratoconus (KC).

Methods: In a prospective case-control study, prevalence of eyelid laxity and eyelid measurements were evaluated in 53 patients with KC and the same number of matched healthy controls. The eyelid measurements were compared between the groups, as well as mean keratometry (K), central and thinnest corneal thickness (CCT and TCT), astigmatism, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and severity of KC according to the Keratoconus Severity Score. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2017 May - Jun;38(3):370. Epub 2017 Feb 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.

Clin Ophthalmol 2016 9;10:2455-2467. Epub 2016 Dec 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, Nassau University Medical Center, Hofstra University School of Medicine, East Meadow, NY, USA.

For many years, blepharitis and dry eye disease have been thought to be two distinct diseases, and evaporative dry eye distinct from aqueous insufficiency. In this treatise, we propose a new way of looking at dry eye, both evaporative and insufficiency, as the natural sequelae of decades of chronic blepharitis. Dry eye is simply the late form and late manifestation of one disease, blepharitis. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Mar/Apr;33(2):144-146

*TOC Eye and Face, Austin, Texas, and †Department of Ophthalmology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.

Purpose: Pentagonal wedge resection is a technique used to address a wide variety of eyelid pathology. This procedure frequently results in excess skin at the apex of the wound, commonly known as a "dog ear." A variety of methods have been described to address the cutaneous redundancy, the most classic of which is the Burow's triangle repair. Read More

Curr Opin Pulm Med 2016 11;22(6):595-601

aNewcastle Regional Sleep Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle bOxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals cNIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Churchill Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Purpose Of Review: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasing in prevalence due to rising obesity. Public awareness is also growing. Although OSA is a disorder primarily of the upper airway during sleep, its physiological impact on other parts of the body is now well recognized. Read More

J Am Osteopath Assoc 2016 Aug;116(8):522-9

Symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 2% of women and 4% of men, but the prevalence of asymptomatic OSA is significantly higher. Several ophthalmic conditions are associated with OSA, including floppy eyelid syndrome, glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, papilledema, keratoconus, and central serous chorioretinopathy. The purpose of this review is to provide primary care physicians with a general knowledge of the signs, symptoms, and management of the ophthalmic diseases associated with OSA. Read More

Eye Contact Lens 2017 Nov;43(6):406-410

Noor Ophthalmology Research Center (H.H.), Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics (H.R., A.F.), School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research (M.H.E.), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and to determine the associated factors in a representative sample of Iranian adult population aged 45 to 69 years.

Methods: The data were according to the second phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study performed in 2014 with 4,737 participants aged 45 to 69 years. Diagnosis of FES was made based on the clinical judgment of the ophthalmologist during ocular examinations. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2016 5;2016:6980281. Epub 2016 Jun 5.

Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.

Controversial findings are reported about the relationship between floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether FES is more prevalent in OSAS patients by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed. Read More

Clin Interv Aging 2016 17;11:659-64. Epub 2016 May 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of a relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and different grades of dermatochalasis.

Patients And Methods: Patients were assigned to four groups according to the severity of their dermatochalasis: normal (Group 1), mild (Group 2), moderate (Group 3), and severe (Group 4). An Ocular Response Analyzer device was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc). Read More

Sleep Breath 2016 Dec 26;20(4):1145-1154. Epub 2016 May 26.

Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and ophthalmologic diseases, specifically glaucoma, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR), and floppy eyelid syndrome (FES), by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for observational studies on OSA and its association with select ophthalmologic diseases. Data was pooled for random-effects modeling. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2016 May-Jun;37(3):240-4. Epub 2016 Jan 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Purpose: To describe the eyelid condition known as "floppy eyelid syndrome" and to present the results of our experience treating patients with floppy eyelid syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 16 patients from 2009 to 2013 who underwent combined medial canthopexy and lateral tarsal strip by two surgeons (HBL and WRN) for the treatment of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES). Age, gender, presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), papillary conjunctivitis, punctate keratopathy and lash ptosis were recorded pre-operatively. Read More

Laryngoscope 2016 09 10;126(9):2171-5. Epub 2016 Feb 10.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the effects of anterior palatoplasty on the presence and stage of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) among patients diagnosed with mild or moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Study Design: Prospective controlled trial.

Methods: Those patients whose AHI scores were between 5 and 30 according to full-night polysomnography were included in the study. Read More

Cornea 2015 Sep;34(9):e29

*Vardinoyiannion Eye Institute of Crete (VEIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece †Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

BMJ Case Rep 2015 Jul 2;2015. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Royle Eye Department, Pilgrim Hospital, Boston, United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust, Boston, UK.

Orbit 2015 19;34(4):201-5. Epub 2015 May 19.

Ophthalmology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital , Madrid , Spain .

Aims: To describe the results of orbital decompression in patients with spontaneous globe luxations and to evaluate predisposing factors for this condition.

Methods: The clinical records of patients who underwent orbital decompression for the treatment of spontaneous globe luxations between 2010 and 2013 were reviewed. Data collected were age, gender, predisposing factors, preoperative and postoperative exophthalmometry, duration of follow-up, presence of diplopia before and after surgery and intra- and postoperative complications. Read More

Cornea 2015 May;34(5):521-4

*Ophthalmology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Universitary Hospital, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; †Respiratory Department, Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María Universitary Hospital, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; and ‡Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.

Purpose: To determine corneal biomechanical properties in patients with floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and to compare them with eyes of controls.

Methods: This case-control study included 208 eyes (72 eyes with FES and 136 without FES) of 107 patients (37 patients with FES and 70 without FES). Patients underwent a complete clinical eye examination that included corneal biomechanical evaluation carried out with the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer. Read More

Int J High Risk Behav Addict 2014 Sep 20;3(3):e11358. Epub 2014 Jul 20.

Mashhad Health Service Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.

Background: Aloe vera is a medicinal herb used as an anti-inflammatory and sedative agent.

Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera aqueous extract on morphine withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent female rats.

Patients And Methods: The current research was performed on 40 female Wista-Albino rats which were made dependent on morphine using Houshyar protocol and were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Read More

CMAJ 2015 Feb 22;187(2):130. Epub 2014 Dec 22.

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (Belliveau), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Ophthalmology (Harvey), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.

Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2014 Jul-Sep;56(3):170-4

Resbiomed Eye Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria

Aim: To find a correlation between the floppy eyelid syndrome and the clinical sign of lash ptosis and loss of eyelash parallelism and develop an algorithm for early diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective case-control study including 97 consecutive patients diagnosed with floppy eyelid and 81 healthy sex- and age-matched controls. The study was conducted in Professor Pashev Eye Hospital, Sofia between January 2011 and December 2012. Read More

Orbit 2014 Dec 25;33(6):399-405. Epub 2014 Sep 25.

University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust , Coventry, West Midlands , United Kingdom.

Purpose: Floppy eyelid syndrome is a condition that is difficult to identify and diagnose and with no clear guidelines on its management. We propose a method of reliably grading this syndrome and have proposed a management algorithm based on the grading.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data collection of patients diagnosed with Floppy eyelid syndrome and treated under the care of a single oculoplastic surgeon over a 9 year period. Read More