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Acta Clin Belg 2018 Jun 18:1-3. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

d Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , Yıldırım Beyazıt University , Ankara , Turkey.

Background Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are characterized by recurrent, usually solitary erythematous or dark red macular, plaque or bullous lesions, all at the same site. Among the first choices for antidotal treatment in mercury exposure, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) is generally a drug with a low incidence of side effects. FDE due to DMPS was not detected in our literature research and so we aimed to present this rare case. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Apr 15;24(4). Epub 2018 Apr 15.

University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is an adverse drug reaction characterized by the development of well-circumscribed, round, dusky erythematous macules and plaques on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces. The reaction occurs on the same mucosal or cutaneous site with subsequent exposures to the offending drug. Although FDE usually manifests as a single lesion, in rare instances, more than one lesion may arise and this is referred to as a generalized eruption. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2018 Apr;73(2):73-77

Hospital Pulau Pinang, Dermatology Department, Jalan Residensi, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.

Introduction: Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are not uncommon and potentially lifethreatening. Our objective is to study the patient characteristics, the pattern of implicated drugs and treatment outcome among patients with SCARs.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective analysis of SCARs cases in Penang General Hospital was carried out from January 2006 to December 2015. Read More

Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018 3;176(2):106-114. Epub 2018 Apr 3.

Background: Acetaminophen is the most commonly used antipyretic in children. However, there are limited data assessing hypersensitivity reactions related to acetaminophen usage.

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to characterize reported reactions to acetaminophen in adults and children, and perform a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of acetaminophen hypersensitivity in children with a suspected acetaminophen allergy. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2018 Mar 24;145(3):210-213. Epub 2018 Feb 24.

Service de dermatologie et allergologie, Sorbonne université, faculté de médecine sorbonne université, AP-HP, service de dermatologie et allergologie, hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France.

Dermatol Online J 2017 Jul 15;23(7). Epub 2017 Jul 15.

Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Houston, Texas.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is defined as sharply demarcated erythematous patches or plaques that occur secondary to systemic exposure to a causative medication. Eruptions are deemed "fixed" because upon repeated exposure they recur at previously affected sites. Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) is a rare FDE variant occurring in patients with a previous history of FDE. Read More

J Immunol Res 2017 27;2017:1503709. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) is life-threatening. It consists of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), and generalized bullous fixed drug eruptions (GBFDE). In the past years, emerging studies have provided better understandings regarding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Read More

Ann Afr Med 2018 Jan-Mar;17(1):40-42

Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Sparfloxacin, a synthetic, second generation, broad spectrum aminodifluoroquinolone antibiotic, has excellent penetration into respiratory tissues and has good activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. Although it is indicated for the treatment of adult community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, its use has been limited by phototoxicity which is more common with it than with other quinolones. We report a case of a 20-year-old Nigerian woman who developed a diffuse blue-black nail pigmentation of thumb and big toe nails, 2 weeks after completing therapy with sparfloxacin, and a recurrence of the pigmentation in the same nails 1 year after taking the drug again. Read More

Drug Saf Case Rep 2018 Jan 2;5(1). Epub 2018 Jan 2.

Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Street, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.

We present a rare case of generalized fixed drug eruption caused by fluconazole. A 45-year-old female patient was referred to our outpatient clinic because of suspicious drug eruptions that occurred 5 months earlier and resolved within a month. The patient had sequela of hyperpigmentation on her arms, legs, back, and abdomen after oral administration of the fourth dose of 150 mg of fluconazole once daily because of vaginal candidiasis. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2017 Nov-Dec;62(6):618-625

Department of Skin and VD, GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Background: The epidemiological data based on intensive monitoring studies are limited for the cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) in terms of incidence. Most of earlier Indian studies focused only on types and causative drugs of CADRs.

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the CADRs with reference to the incidence, its subgroup analysis, causative drugs, and other clinical characteristics in Indian population. Read More

Med Sante Trop 2017 Aug;27(3):296-300

CHU Brazzaville, 13 avenue Auxence-IKonga, Brazzaville, Congo.

To determine the frequency of diseases responsible for skin lesions of the male external genitalia. This descriptive retrospective study examined the medical records of patients older than 14 years treated for genital symptoms as outpatients at the Dermatology Department of Talangaï Hospital in Brazzaville in 2009-2011. Patients' sociodemographic, medical history, clinical, and laboratory data were collected on a standardized individual form. Read More

Indian J Psychol Med 2017 Jul-Aug;39(4):537-538

Department of Psychiatry, National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.

Adverse cutaneous reactions are known to occur with psychotropic medications, which may lead to poor drug compliance. As compared to other group of psychotropics, there is relatively scarce literature on olanzapine-induced skin eruptions. We present a case of a 39-year-old man diagnosed with first episode mania and alcohol dependence syndrome who was started on tablet olanzapine which leads to fixed drug eruptions. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2017 Aug 21;29(4):479-482. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare cyclic premenstrual reaction to progesterone produced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The clinical symptoms of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis overlap with other forms of dermatosis such as erythema multiforme, eczema, fixed drug eruption, urticaria, and angioedema. We experienced 3 cases of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. Read More

Dermatol Res Pract 2017 28;2017:6216193. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: Prevalence and incidence of drug eruptions vary around the world and are influenced by some key factors including HIV infection.

Objective: This study aimed to find the peculiarities of drug eruptions in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including ART-taking PLHIV, aged 15+ years, followed up between January 2010 and December 2014 at the day-care unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, and who presented with drug eruptions after ART initiation. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2017 Aug;77(2):123-126

Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.

Hong Kong Med J 2017 Aug 7;23(4):395-403. Epub 2017 Jul 7.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong.

Antipyretics are commonly prescribed drugs and hypersensitivity occurs at rates of 0.01% to 0.3%. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2017 Jun 15;23(6). Epub 2017 Jun 15.

Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare disorder characterized by periodic skin lesions that erupt during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Clinical manifestations of APD is caused by an unusual allergy to progesterone and has a wide range of clinical manifestations from eczema and urticaria to angioedema and erythema multiforme. A 46-year-old woman described recurrent, round erythematous plaques on the lower lip, both forearms and buttocks. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2017 Aug;39(8):622-624

*Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; †Miraca Life Sciences Research Institute, Irving, TX; and ‡Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.

Factitious dermatitis (FD) (dermatitis artefacta) is rare and often difficult to diagnose because of conflicting history and nonspecific clinical and histologic findings. It can present with varied clinical features including geometric ulcers, erosions, and less commonly bullae secondary to external trauma from chemicals, electric burns, heat, and suction. Herein, we describe a case of bullous FD due to thermal burn with histologic features demonstrating overlap with fixed drug eruption. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017 Jul 28;10(7):717-725. Epub 2017 Apr 28.

b Department of Dermatology , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.

Introduction: Dapsone is a sulfone drug used to treat infectious conditions and also numerous dermatologic diseases. Fixed drug eruption is a distinctive adverse cutaneous reaction associated with the initial administration and subsequent delivery of a specific agent. Areas covered: The authors preformed a literature search using the following keywords: dapsone, fixed drug eruption, and adverse cutaneous drug reaction. Read More

Therapie 2017 Oct 25;72(5):539-545. Epub 2017 Mar 25.

Centre régional de pharmacovigilance de Sfax, faculté de médecine de Sfax, avenue Majida-Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.

Introduction: Antiepileptic drugs are widely used and are associated with numerous side effects including skin eruptions. Epicutaneous tests have been used with variable success in skin drug reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profitability of epicutaneous tests in delayed hypersensitivity reactions induced by antiepileptic drugs. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2017 May 22;34(3):237-249. Epub 2017 Mar 22.

Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.

The terms 'lichenoid' and 'interface' dermatitis are often used interchangeably to describe an inflammatory pattern characterized histologically by damage to the basal keratinocytes in the epidermis. The mechanism of cell damage of such cells is now best understood as apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This inflammatory pattern of dermatoses, is also accompanied frequently by a band of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the superficial dermis, that often obscures the dermal-epidermal junction, hence the term 'lichenoid'. Read More

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017 Apr;17(4):23

Allergy Unit, Presidio Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Non-immediate cutaneous reactions (i.e., occurring at least 1 h after the initial drug administration), particularly maculopapular exanthemas and urticarial eruptions, are common during beta-lactam treatments. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2017 07 26;33(4):222-224. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.

Dermatol Online J 2017 Feb 15;23(2). Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) comprise 10 percent of alladverse cutaneous drug reactions and generalizedbullous fixed drug eruptions (GBFDE) are a raresubset of FDEs. We present a patient with severeGBFDE caused by ibuprofen successfully treated withcyclosporine. Further work is needed to determine ifcyclosporine can be an effective therapy for GBFDE. Read More

Curr Drug Saf 2017 Feb 9. Epub 2017 Feb 9.

Government Medical College and Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital,India.

Introduction: Fluoroquinolones are most widely used for empirical treatment of gastrointestinal disease due to emergence of drug resistant strains to other antimicrobials. They are also indulged in cutaneous adverse drug reactions with varying form of severity.

Case Presentation: A 43 year old male patient developed fixed drug eruptions after administration of tablet norfloxacin and metronidazole for treatment of colicky abdominal pain with diarrhoea. Read More

Cutis 2016 Dec;98(6):E1-E2

Department of Periodontology, Kanti Devi Dental College and Hospital, Mathura, India.

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017 Feb 13;15(2):219-220. Epub 2017 Jan 13.

Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Hautarzt 2017 Jan;68(1):29-35

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, München, Deutschland.

Drug hypersensitivity reactions affect over 7% of the population and are problematic both for patients and doctors. They frequently occur in the form of exanthematous drug eruptions. The clinical manifestation of delayed hypersensitivity reactions is very variable ranging from localized fixed drug eruptions to life-threatening, severe bullous mucocutaneous eruptions or systemic drug hypersensitivity syndromes. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2017 Jun;39(6):471-475

Departments of *Dermatology, and †Pathology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) consists of recurrent dusky-red to brownish macules or patches at the same sites after the readministration of the causative drug. It usually presents as a solitary lesion, but generalized eruptions have been described. The most frequently implied drugs are antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2016 ;160(0):D470

Huisartsenpraktijk Nederweert, Nederweert.

Background: Fixed drug eruption is a hypersensitive skin response to drugs, which can present itself in different ways. The skin lesions are usually solitary, but can also appear as a maculopapular rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. While fixed drug eruptions can be caused by various drugs, paracetamol is responsible in 1. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Sep-Oct;91(5):652-654

Hospital Universitário de Coimbra - Coimbra, Portugal.

Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by antibiotics, are the main causes of fixed drug eruption. They provoke one or several round erythematous or bullous lesions that recur in the same place after taking the causative medication. A positive patch test on residual, lesional skin can replace satisfactorily oral reintroduction. Read More

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2016 Nov 27;25(11):1313-1319. Epub 2016 Jul 27.

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Purpose: Severe skin reactions may complicate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Nevirapine is known to be associated with severe skin reactions, but there are conflicting data on risk factors in African patients. We reviewed cases of severe skin reactions admitted to a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Read More

Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017 Sep 23;36(3):294-296. Epub 2016 Nov 23.

a Department of Dermatology , Yıldırım Beyazıt Univercity, Medical School , Ankara , Turkey and.

Background: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a special variant of drug reaction seen on skin or mucous membrane, and typically recurs at the same location. Ornidazole-induced FDE cases have been reported extremely rare.

Case: The 48-year-old female patient was diagnosed for ornidazole-induced fixed drug reaction on the sole. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2016 Nov;38(11):813-819

*Department of Dermatology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile; †Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ‡Department of Pathology, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile; §Department of Medicine, Hospital de Carabineros de Chile, Chile; and ¶Department of Dermatology, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile.

The face has not been considered a common site of fixed drug eruption, and the authors lack dermatoscopic studies of this condition on the subject. The authors sought to characterize clinical and dermatoscopic features of 8 cases of an eruptive facial postinflammatory lentigo. The authors conducted a retrospective review of 8 cases with similar clinical and dermatoscopic findings seen from 2 medical centers in 2 countries during 2010-2014. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2017 Feb;27(1):86-88

Service de Dermatologie-Vénérologie, Hôpital Jean Bernard, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Avenue Désandrouin, 59 322 Valenciennes, France.

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Jan-Feb;83(1):108-112

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Rabindranath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Dermatol Online J 2016 Jul 15;22(7). Epub 2016 Jul 15.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal.

We describe a patient with a generalized bullous form of Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) induced by bromhexine, a commonly used drug for respiratory symptoms. This is a rare association and generalized bullous FDE is also very rare. We emphasize the importance of patch tests in identifying the culprit drug. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2016 Apr 18;22(4). Epub 2016 Apr 18.

USC Keck School of Medicine.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of cutaneous drug reaction that occurs at the same sites upon re-exposure to specific medications. Herein we discuss the case of a 23-year-old man with a FDE to fluconazole. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2017 Mar 9;30(2). Epub 2016 Sep 9.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

J Diabetes Complications 2016 Nov - Dec;30(8):1530-1531. Epub 2016 Aug 12.

Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Unità Operativa di Dermatologia, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.

Hautarzt 2016 Oct;67(10):780-785

Univ. Klinik für Dermatologie, LKH Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036, Graz, Österreich.

The oral allergy syndrome is one of the most common form of food allergy and manifests as contact urticaria of the oral mucosa after consumption of cross reacting foods. Whereas allergic contact stomatitis often occurs due to dental materials, allergic contact cheilitis is usually a reaction due to topical therapeutics like herpes ointments or lip care products. As late type reactions are more frequent than immediate type reactions in the anogenital mucosa, contact dermatitis in this area should be identified via epicutaneous testing. Read More

Hautarzt 2017 Jan;68(1):59-63

Dokumentationszentrum schwerer Hautreaktionen, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland.

Severe bullous skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) are rare, but occasionally fatal diseases which are mainly induced by drugs. We report about 2 women who both developed severe bullous skin reactions after domestic falls. Despite knowing the causative drug and having an allergy identification, both patients suffered from a secondary event after unintentional re-exposure. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2016 Nov;55(11):1225-1233

Department of Dermatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.

Background: Few studies have been published on the histopathology of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), and most of these lack information on skin allergological tests. The histopathology of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is also seldom described. The purpose of our study was to examine six types of well-documented CADR (maculopapular exanthema, DRESS, fixed drug eruption, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis [TEN], and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis) using histopathology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of granulysin, a key molecule in TEN. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Aug;75(2):126-8

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016 Aug 29;117(2):210-1. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey. Electronic address:

Prog Urol 2016 Jun 17;26(8):435-6. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Service dermatologie, CHU d'Angers, Hôtel Dieu, 4, rue Larrey, 49100 Angers cedex 9, France.

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2016 Nov - Dec;4(6):1187-1193. Epub 2016 Jun 7.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health & Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Background: The difference in clinical presentation, causality assessments, and outcomes of patients with delayed antibiotic-associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions (AA-cADR) and nonantibiotic-associated (NA)-cADR is ill defined.

Objective: We examined the etiology of AA-cADR, with regard to the type of antibiotic exposure, allergy labeling, and patient outcomes, in comparison with NA-cADR.

Methods: A retrospective observational inpatient cohort study of cADR was performed from January 2004 to August 2014. Read More

Conn Med 2016 Apr;80(4):223-5

A fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a toxic skin effect thought to be caused by delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity to a pharmaceutical agent. We report herein the first known patient with capecitabine-induced FDE that appeared relatively late in the course of adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. The temporal association with capecitabine use and prompt disappearance after capecitabine discontinuation make this relationship probable. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2016 Dec 30;175(6):1166-1174. Epub 2016 Sep 30.

Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 24047, Treviglio (BG), Italy.

Topical and systemic prophylactic measures, which are administered before the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related acneiform rash, are appropriate interventions to mitigate the intensity of skin toxicity. We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether prophylactic antibiotics may reduce the occurrence and severity of anti-EGFR drug-related skin rashes. A systematic review was performed by searching Medline, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception until March 2016 for publications regarding the pre-emptive role of antibiotics for EGFR-induced skin rashes. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2016 Aug;26(4):412-3

Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.