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J Equine Vet Sci 2021 Jun 16;101:103449. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Electronic address:

The fetlock joint is a high mobility structure that accommodates enormous loading during locomotion. An injury of the superficial constituent such as subtendinous bursitis may occur due to repeated trauma. An 8-year old school riding horse was presented with dorsomedial distension in the left hindlimb fetlock region. Read More

Bone Rep 2021 Jun 9;14:101064. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.

The effective treatment of non-unions and critical-sized defects remains a challenge in the orthopedic field. From a tissue engineering perspective, this issue can be addressed through the application bioactive matrixes to support bone regeneration, such as Bonelike®, as opposed to the widespread autologous grafting technique. An improved formulation of Bonelike® Poro, was assessed as a synthetic bone substitute in an ovine model for critical-sized bone defects. Read More

Front Pediatr 2020 24;8:582316. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.

This retrospective study evaluated the outcome and safety of long-term treatment with zoledronic acid, in both polyostotic and mono-ostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD) of children. The case records of children and adolescents with symptomatic FD who received zoledronic acid (0.1 mg/kg IV infusion over 1 h) and have completed at least 2 years follow-up were analyzed. Read More

Bone 2021 02 2;143:115784. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

INSERM UMR 1033, Université de Lyon, Hôpital E Herriot, Lyon cedex 03, France.

Introduction: Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD) is a rare congenital bone disease, due to a somatic mutation of GNAS. This mutation results in a defect of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and also an increase in bone resorption by large active osteoclasts. Bone pain is present in half of patients and is the main determinant of quality of life of patients with FD. Read More

Bone Rep 2020 Dec 24;13:100718. Epub 2020 Sep 24.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.

This study aimed to clarify whether novel cotton-like composite made of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and poly(Dl-lactide--glycolide) (PDLGA) has a different effect on bone regeneration after bone defect than that of granular β-TCP. Five male Beagle dogs served as subjects. Cortical and medullary bone defect as non-through holes were made at the diaphysis of the bilateral femurs. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2021 Feb 2;37(2):359-366. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 9, Chicago, IL, 60611-2991, USA.

Purpose: To report on our institutional cohort of patients and review the literature of medulloblastoma patients who developed skull/subdural-based lesions following treatment.

Methods: Following institutional review board (IRB) approval, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of four children with a history of treated medulloblastoma who developed non-specific skull-based/subdural lesions incidentally found on surveillance imaging.

Results: Biopsies of the lesions proved the pathology to be low grade and included inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, cortical fibrous defect consistent with fibroma, fibrous tissue, and fibrous dysplasia. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2020 ;9(6):19-22

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Fibrous Dysplasia is a relatively rare Musculoskeletal disorders in which there is a defect in remodelling of immature bone to mature lamellar bone. Fibrous Dysplasia was first described by Von Recklinghausen in 1891, but it was Lichtenstein who labelled it polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in 1938. Union of Pathological Fractures in a bone affected by Fibrous Dysplasia poses a difficult set of Challenges for treating Physicians. Read More

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020 Aug 24;113:110981. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America. Electronic address:

Bone tissue engineering aims to alleviate the shortage of available autograft material and the biological/mechanical incompatibility of allografts through fabrication of bioactive synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, these substitute grafting materials have insufficient biological potency that limits their clinical efficacy in regenerating large defects. Extracellular matrix, a natural tissue scaffold laden with biochemical and structural cues regulating cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis, may be a versatile supplement that can extend its biological functionality to synthetic grafts. Read More

Am J Phys Anthropol 2020 06 10;172(2):291-299. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Objectives: Macroscopic entheseal forms show two main features: predominant signs of bony formation or resorption. To understand the development of these forms, we investigated microarchitectural differences between the macroscopic proliferative and resorptive forms of the gluteus maximus enthesis.

Materials And Methods: The macromorphological analysis of entheseal changes (EC) was based on the Villotte, visual scoring system for fibrous entheses. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2020 May;45(5):417-419

Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.

FDG PET/CT was performed for staging in a 15-year-old adolescent girl with cholangiocarcinoma, which showed only mild activity in the tumor but more impressive FDG activity in right femoral fibrous cortical defect without any other hypermetabolic lesions elsewhere. Pathological examination of the resected cholangiocarcinoma revealed significant neuroendocrine differentiation, which lead to subsequent Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT study. Unexpectedly, the same femoral fibrous cortical defect also had increased Ga-DOTATATE activity. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 02 15;49(2):187-195. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology,, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Background: Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is a rare growth disturbance of bone resulting in deformity. In the ulna, focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is particularly rare, and the characteristic fibroligamentous tether can result in progressive deformity with progressive dislocation of the radial head. The fibroligamentous tether is similar in appearance and function to the Vickers ligament seen in Madelung deformity. Read More

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018 10;48(10):823

An 18-year-old woman presented to a direct-access military physical therapy clinic after a fall directly onto the knee, with subsequent medial knee pain. The history and examination of the patient led the physical therapist to order radiographs, which revealed a pre-existing metaphyseal fibrous defect. On the same day, an orthopaedic consultation recommended magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which showed a progression from a benign cortical defect to disruption of the posterior femur and surrounding bone marrow edema consistent with bone stress injury. Read More

Adv Healthc Mater 2018 08 27;7(16):e1800361. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.

Bioactive glass (BG) can repair bone defects, however, it is not clear whether BG has the ability for bone augmentation without making any bone defect. Unlike the intramembranous osteogenesis in bone defect repair, the extramembranous osteogenesis occurs outside the cortical bone and the osteoprogenitor cells show the reversed migration. Herein, nanoscale bioactive glass scaffolds (BGSs) are fabricated, and their role and immunomodulation-related mechanism in the extramembranous osteogenesis are investigated. Read More

Ann Pathol 2018 Apr 23;38(2):92-102. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Service d'anatomie pathologique et neuropathologie, department of pathology, CHU de Timone, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), BMT-Timone 2, 2(e) étage, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13000 Marseille, France.

The infiltration by numerous osteoclastic giant cells is a frequent finding in bone tumors and pseudo-tumors. Pathologists must integrate clinical and radiological data to achieve a correct diagnosis in bone pathology. Benign giant-cell rich lesions of bone encompass giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, chondroblastoma, brown tumor and fibrous cortical defect/non-ossifying fibroma. Read More

Bone 2018 03 4;108:145-155. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NY, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Mechanical loading is an important aspect of post-surgical fracture care. The timing of load application relative to the injury event may differentially regulate repair depending on the stage of healing. Here, we used a novel mechanobiological model of cortical defect repair that offers several advantages including its technical simplicity and spatially confined repair program, making effects of both physical and biological interventions more easily assessed. Read More

Int J Biomater 2017 28;2017:7571523. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Airlangga University, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Autogenous bone graft is gold standard in treating bone defects, but it might have difficulty in corporation and rejection reaction. This study is to compare the effectiveness among freeze-dried xenograft, freeze-dried allograft, hydroxyapatite xenograft, and demineralized bone matrix xenograft as bone graft to fill bone defect in femoral diaphysis of white rabbit. Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were distributed into five groups. Read More

Georgian Med News 2017 Jan(262):4-14

Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Department of Radiology and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Radiologic Diagnostics, Ukraine.

Metaphyseal cortical defect (metaphyseal fibrous defect, cortical fibrous defect) of the long bones is a quite common variant of the bone structure's pathologic changes. The cortical defects and similar to their tumor-like processes (non-ossifying fibroma, benign fibrous histiocytoma etc.) are characterized by particular qualities of the clinical symptoms and radiologic signs. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2016 Jul-Aug;50(4):366-73

Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Background: Ununited femoral neck fracture is seen commonly in developing countries due to delayed presentation or failure of primary internal fixation. Such fractures, commonly present with partial or total absorption of femoral neck, osteonecrosis of femoral head in 8-30% cases with upward migration of trochanter posing problem for osteosynthesis, especially in younger individuals. Several techniques for treatment of such conditions are described like osteotomies or nonvascularied cortical or cancellous bone grafting provided varying degrees of success in terms of fracture union but unsatisfactory long term results occurred due to varying incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head. Read More

Biofabrication 2016 07 26;8(3):035007. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

LifeNet Health Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.

Introduction: Bone repair frequently requires time-consuming implant construction, particularly when using un-formed implants with poor handling properties. We therefore developed osteoinductive, micro-fibrous surface patterned demineralized bone matrix (DBM) fibers for engineering both defect-matched and general three-dimensional implants.

Methods And Results: Implant molds were filled with demineralized human cortical bone fibers there were compressed and lyophilized, forming mechanically strong shaped DBM scaffolds. Read More

Orthopedics 2016 Nov 26;39(6):e1197-e1200. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

Small nonossifying fibromas (ie, fibrocortical defects) are incidental findings commonly seen on radiographs of young patients evaluated for extremity pain or sport-related trauma. Although pathological fractures have been reported in larger lesions, the subcentimeter, intracortical defects are not generally thought to predispose to pathological fractures. The authors report on 2 young athletes who presented with knee pain after initiating conditioning exercise programs (cross-training). Read More

Oncol Lett 2016 May 22;11(5):3185-3188. Epub 2016 Mar 22.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.

Intraosseous schwannoma is a rare benign bone tumor that originates from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. The majority of intraosseous schwannomas arise in the mandible and sacrum, but an intraosseous schwannoma involving the ulna is described in the present case report. Radiologically, the current case presented as a well-defined lytic lesion, with a pathological fracture and no intralesional calcification, in the proximal metaphysis of the left ulna. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2016 Jun 19;32(6):1141-4. Epub 2015 Nov 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.

Purpose: A cephalocele is a congenital anomaly involving the herniation of intracranial tissue from a skull defect. The sac containing the central nervous system (CNS) with the ventricle system is called the encephalocystocele. An atretic cephalocele is thought to be an abortive form of cephalocele, and the essential nature is still controversial. Read More

Nanotechnology 2015 Oct 16;26(40):405101. Epub 2015 Sep 16.

Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.

Porous nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) is a promising bone substitute, but it is brittle, which limits its utility for load bearing applications. To address this issue, herein, biodegradable electrospun microfibrous sheets of poly(L-lactic acid)-(PLLA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were incorporated into a gelatin-nanoHA matrix which was investigated for its mechanical properties, the physical integration of the fibers with the matrix, cell infiltration, osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. The inclusion of sacrificial fibers like PVA along with PLLA and leaching resulted in improved cellular infiltration towards the center of the scaffold. Read More

J Orthop Surg Res 2015 Aug 14;10:123. Epub 2015 Aug 14.

Department of Orthopaedics, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: We evaluated the mid-term results of previously cemented hip arthroplasties revised with uncemented modular femoral components.

Methods: The study included 40 patients (36 females (90 %) and 4 males (10 %), mean age 67.6 years, range 39-87 years) who underwent revision of a previously cemented hip prosthesis with an uncemented modular femoral stem between 2005 and 2009. Read More

Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015 May-Jun;34(3):181-4. Epub 2015 Jan 5.

Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

Non-ossifying fibromas (NOF) are a benign entity of the developing bone, relatively common in children and young adults. Their location is most frequently metaphyseal. They are usually asymptomatic (unless associated to a fracture) and have a self-limited behavior, with spontaneous regression through a sclerotic consolidation. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015 Jan 28;119(1):92-100. Epub 2014 Sep 28.

Associate Professor, Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: To investigate central lesions of the jaws dominated by foamy macrophages (foam cells), which are interpreted to be "central xanthomas of the jaws" and to differentiate this condition from reported cases of jaw nonossifying fibroma/fibrous cortical defect and benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone.

Study Design: The study is a literature review and a retrospective analysis of clinical, radiographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of five new cases of this condition.

Results: The lesion has a predilection for the mandible in adults of variable ages, with the potential to become very large and destructive; however, it has a very low recurrence rate, if any, following surgical curettage. Read More

Eur Cell Mater 2014 Oct 6;28:209-21; discussion 221-2. Epub 2014 Oct 6.

Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Surgical Research, C9.133, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4,

KitW-sh mice carry an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding the receptor for stem cell factor, which is expressed at high levels on the surface of haematopoietic precursor cells. The mutation results in mast cell deficiency, a variety of defects in innate immunity and poorly defined abnormalities in bone. The present study was designed to characterise healing of a cortical window defect in skeletally mature KitW-sh mice using high-resolution micro computed tomographic imaging and histological analyses. Read More

Clin Oral Implants Res 2015 Oct 15;26(10):1150-7. Epub 2014 Sep 15.

Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the biologic and structural phenotypes of the bone regenerated via the sandwich bone augmentation (SBA) technique, on buccal implant dehiscence defects.

Material And Methods: Twenty-six patients with one buccal implant dehiscence defect each were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups received a standardized amount of mineralized cancellous and cortical allogenic bone graft. Read More

Oper Orthop Traumatol 2014 Apr 2;26(2):162-70. Epub 2014 Apr 2.

Chirurgische Klinik I, Klinik für Unfall- und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Krankenhaus Düren gem. GmbH, Roonstr. 30, 52351, Düren, Deutschland,

Objective: Biological augmentation and stabilization of high-grade bone defects with structural allografts from donor femur halfs.

Indications: Severe bone defects with aseptic loosening of hip prosthesis, periprosthetic femoral fracture or non-union, possibly even in cases of a healed infection.

Contraindications: Local or systemic infection. Read More

Genet Couns 2013 ;24(4):373-9

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Pellenberg, Belgium.

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) is an uncommon, benign bone lesion that causes angular deformities of the long bones in young children. Most deformities were seen around the knee. Diagnostic criteria are based on clinical and radiological signs: unilateral angular deformity in a long bone of a young child, associated with on X-ray a typical lucent bony defect with surrounding sclerosis at the concavity of the deformity with a cortical defect. Read More