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BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jun 30;13(6). Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India

Hypertens Res 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension and can result in resistant hypertension. RVH is associated with an increased risk for progressive decline in renal function, cardiac destabilization syndromes including "flash" pulmonary edema, recurrent congestive heart failure, and cerebrocardiovascular disease. The most common cause of renal artery stenosis (RAS) is atherosclerotic lesions, followed by fibromuscular dysplasia. Read More

Cardiovasc Res 2020 Jun 12. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, France.

Aims: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are related, non-atherosclerotic arterial diseases mainly affecting middle-aged women. Little is known about their physiopathological mechanisms. We aimed to identify rare genetic causes to elucidate molecular mechanisms implicated in FMD and SCAD. Read More

Neth Heart J 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Aims: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is increasingly recognised as a cause of myocardial infarction, but psychological characteristics of patients with SCAD have not yet been extensively investigated. We assessed the prevalence of a broad range of psychological and clinical factors, and their inter-relationships in patients with a history of SCAD. Furthermore, we investigated whether specific clusters of patients with SCAD can be identified. Read More

Vasc Med 2020 Jun 3:1358863X20923740. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Joseé and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Hypertension 2020 Jul 1;76(1):e4-e7. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015 Paris, France (T.B., A.G., D.D., X.J., N.B.-N.).

Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Jul 12;58(4):797-813. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55901, USA. Electronic address:

MR angiography is a flexible imaging technique enabling morphologic assessment of mesenteric arterial and venous vasculature. Conventional gadolinium-based contrast media and ferumoxytol are used as contrast agents. Ferumoxytol, an intravenous iron replacement therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for iron deficiency anemia, is an effective and well tolerated blood pool contrast agent. Read More

Am J Med Case Rep 2020 12;8(7):166-172. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York: Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States- 11203.

Background: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic disease that affects medium-sized arteries and results in stenosis, dissection, aneurysm or occlusion. It is most commonly reported in the renal and carotid arteries. Involvement of coronary arteries is quite rare and and leads to serious consequences. Read More

Hypertens Res 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Renal artery stenosis causes kidney ischemia, reducing the size of the affected kidney, which eventually results in atrophy. Although renal atrophy is considered irreversible, resolution of the ischemia occasionally restores kidney size when the cause is renal artery stenosis. Angioplasty is effective in patients with nonatherosclerotic renovascular diseases (non-ARVDs). Read More

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020 Apr;10(2):201-207

Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: Imaging plays a key role in the workup of patients with clinically suspected fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), and research has highlighted the potential of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in screening for thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic arterial abnormalities in these patients. We sought to evaluate imaging findings from patients with suspected or diagnosed FMD who underwent screening CTA at our institution with a novel single-acquisition protocol that offers increased anatomic coverage, with images obtained from the skull vertex to the pelvis.

Methods: Images from 80 consecutive patients scanned with the novel single-session CTA protocol covering the skull vertex to the pelvis were compared with images from 20 additional consecutive patients who underwent CTA for the head and neck separate from CTA of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 May 4;195:105882. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020 May 10. Epub 2020 May 10.

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, University Hospital of La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

Objective: Treatment of renal artery aneurysms (RAA) remains controversial. Endovascular treatment has increased for main trunk and for very distal aneurysms, whereas for lesions located at the bifurcation surgical treatment seems to be a valid option. The goal of this study was to describe the technique of direct reconstruction of RAA and to report on outcomes. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 9;12(4):e7609. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Radiology, James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, USA.

Renal hypoperfusion from renal artery stenosis (RAS) activates the renin-angiotensin system, which in turn causes volume overload and hypertension. Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia are the most common causes of renal artery stenosis. Recurrent flash pulmonary edema, also known as Pickering syndrome, is commonly associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis. Read More

Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej 2020 Mar 29;16(1):65-75. Epub 2019 Dec 29.

Department of Diseases of Cardiac and Vessels, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.

Introduction: Restenosis (RS) following percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) of renal artery stenosis (RAS) might have an unfavourable impact on renal function and blood pressure (BP) outcomes.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of RS in patients treated with PTA for RAS, and the relationship between BP and renal function (RF) changes with RS.

Material And Methods: We analysed freedom from RS in 210 patients (age 64. Read More

J Am Coll Cardiol 2020 May;75(17):2189-2203

The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address:

Medium-sized and large arteries consist of 3 layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica media accounts for the bulk of the vessel wall and is the chief determinant of mechanical compliance. It is primarily composed of circumferentially arranged layers of vascular smooth muscle cells that are separated by concentrically arranged elastic lamellae; a form of extracellular matrix (ECM). Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr 24;140:128-130. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Neurology, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:

Background: A carotid web (CW), an atypical fibromuscular dysplasia, is rare and may cause ischemic stroke. It is challenging to recognize a CW promptly and treat it accordingly. We report a case of an initially misdiagnosed CW. Read More

Cardiovasc Res 2020 Apr 13. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium/Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.

Aims: Since December 2015, the European/International Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) Registry enrolled 1022 patients from 22 countries. We present their characteristics according to disease subtype, age and gender, as well as predictors of widespread disease, aneurysms and dissections.

Methods And Results: All patients diagnosed with FMD (string-of-beads or focal stenosis in at least one vascular bed) based on CTA, MRA and/or catheter-based angiography were eligible. Read More

J Geriatr Cardiol 2020 Mar;17(3):173-174

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

J Vasc Surg 2020 Apr 8. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Objective: The pathologic nature of pediatric renal artery occlusive lesions causing renovascular hypertension has been the subject of numerous anecdotal reports. This study was undertaken to define the character of childhood renal artery stenoses. A better understanding of this disease is particularly germane, given its unknown etiology and the limited success of certain contemporary treatment options. Read More

Eur Cardiol 2020 Feb 26;15:1-8. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relatively infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome that usually affects young to middle-aged women. Mainly because of its low prevalence, until recently, most of the evidence on this condition was derived from case reports and small series. Over the last 5 years, more robust evidence has become available from larger retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients with SCAD. Read More

Int J Cardiol 2020 Aug 20;312:33-36. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

There have been inconsistent reports regarding the clinical features and characteristics of patients diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). In addition, predictors of mortality in SCAD patients are unknown. We evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, medical management, and predictors of in-hospital mortality of SCAD-related hospitalizations using data from a single health care system from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Mar 24;13(3). Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Cardiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.

Am J Hypertens 2020 May;33(6):570-580

Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.

Background: We investigated the effects of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on left ventricular (LV) mass, and the impact of LV mass reduction on outcomes.

Methods: A total of 144 hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) (mean age 69 years; 22.2% fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)) who underwent angioplasty were included. Read More

Mo Med 2020 Jan-Feb;117(1):70-72

Zachary Oman, Do, MBA and Ihab Hassanieh, MD, are in the Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Nauman Khalid, MD, is at the MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC. Michael Lim, MD and Tarek Helmy, MD, are at the Center for Comprehensive Cardiovascular Care, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon and potentially fatal cause of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and sudden death primarily affecting women. While the exact cause of SCAD is unknown, associated risk factors are emotional or physical stress, female gender, pregnancy-related factors including hormonal changes, fibromuscular dysplasia, mixed connective tissue disorders, and inflammatory disorders. In this report, we present a middle-aged female with ulcerative colitis and cirrhosis secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis who was found to have SCAD on cardiac evaluation for liver transplantation workup. Read More

Pediatr Int 2020 Mar 10. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Despite advances in noninvasive vascular imaging, detection of renal artery stenosis via catheter angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (RVH). Due to lack of evidence, the utility of various blood tests and imaging modalities remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the utility of blood tests [plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, and renal vein renin values] and imaging studies [computed tomography (CT) angiography, kidney ultrasonography (US)] by comparing them with renal angiography. Read More

Hypertension 2020 Apr 9;75(4):1102-1109. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

From the Departments of Hypertension (E.W.-C., A.P., P.D., E.F., K.J.-P., M.K., M.P., K.H., P.T., M.S., K.K., A.J.), Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), regarded as a generalized vascular disease, may affect all vascular beds and may result in arterial stenosis, occlusion, aneurysm, or dissection. It has been proposed to systematically evaluate all vascular beds in patients with FMD, regardless of initial FMD involvement. However, the impact of this approach on clinical decisions and on management is unknown. Read More

Hypertension 2020 Apr 9;75(4):945-947. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (H.L.G.).

J Hypertens 2020 Apr;38(4):605-607

Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard/Heerlen, Sittard, The Netherlands.

Transl Med UniSa 2020 Jan-Apr;21:24-26. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Vascular Surgery Department University Hospital Hai Sabah, Oran, Algeria.

Non-atheromatous surgical lesions are estimated to represent at most 10% of all carotid procedures, most of which involve atheromatous lesions. Isolated tortuosity of the carotid vessels is sometimes treated surgically. The pathologies most frequently studied are extra-cranial carotid aneurysms, dissections, and fibromuscular dysplasia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Feb 23;13(2). Epub 2020 Feb 23.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

A 41-year-old male patient presented with isolated right lower limb swelling. An ultrasound scan showed right external iliac and femoral vein deep vein thrombosis due to extrinsic compression by an aneurysm of the right common iliac artery. Investigations including imaging and a tissue biopsy of right and left femoral arteries confirmed a rare clinical presentation of fibromuscular dysplasia involving iliac, coeliac, renal and pulmonary vessels. Read More

Medicines (Basel) 2020 Feb 20;7(2). Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is one of the important etiologies of renovascular hypertension in children. It is usually resistant to multiple antihypertensive agents and can cause extreme elevation in blood pressures, which can lead to end organ damage if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Treatment options include medical management with antihypertensive agents, balloon or stent angioplasties, surgical revascularization, and nephrectomy. Read More

Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg 2019 Apr 24;27(2):234-240. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Fibromuscular dysplasia is rarely biopsied. Progesterone receptor expression in myofibroblastic cells is useful for the histopathological evaluation in difficult-to-diagnose cases. Herein, we report two unusual cases of fibromuscular dysplasia in which progesterone receptor expression was shown in vessel sections. Read More

Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2020 Apr - Jun;37(2):86-90. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Departamento de Cirugía Vascular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.

Bilateral renal infarction complicating Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) is extremely rare and has so far been reported only in a handful of cases. We report a 44-year-old man who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and severe hypertension. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed bilateral renal infarction and a renal angiography confirmed the bilateral and irregular stenosis due to FMD, in the absence of systemic vasculitis and other risk factors for thromboembolic events. Read More

Cureus 2020 Feb 11;12(2):e6960. Epub 2020 Feb 11.

Cardiology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center / Tufts University School of Medicine, Brighton, USA.

Isolated renal artery dissection (IRAD) is a rare and often unrecognized clinical entity, with a paucity of data on its epidemiology and management. We extracted 129 cases of IRAD from the medical literature between 1972 and 2016. IRAD as a result of an extended dissection from the aorta and splanchnic or mesenteric arteries was excluded. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2020 Jan 29;21(1):29. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Departments of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.

Background: Transplant renal artery dissection is a rare and serious event that can cause allograft dysfunction and activation of the renin-mediated renovascular hypertension. Most cases are induced by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, arteriosclerotic disease, or fibromuscular dysplasia. We observed a case of transplant renal artery dissection induced by unusual causes during kidney transplantation. Read More

ESC Heart Fail 2020 Apr 29;7(2):714-720. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Cardiovascular Research, Hospital of San Giovanni, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland.

Coronary fibromuscular dysplasia is uncommon, and even rarer its unstable and recurrent course. We present the unique case of a 52-year-old woman who underwent in total 12 coronary angiographies and three percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 months because of repetitive acute coronary syndromes due to refractory spasm, dissection, restenosis all leading to end-stage heart failure, and heart transplantation. The patient died 12 days after the heart transplantation complicated by intraoperative acute thrombotic occlusion of left anterior descending artery of the graft despite normal pretransplant coronary angiography. Read More

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020 Feb 13;95 Suppl 1:641-647. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with selective stenting treating Chinese patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD).

Background: Endovascular data of patients with RAS caused by FMD are scarce in China.

Methods: Clinical data of 105 hypertensive patients with RAS caused by FMD underwent endovascular therapy at a single-site between June 2001 and October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2020 Jan 14;91(4):269-271. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Radiology and Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.

A 22-year-old female, was referred with a history of a headache and elevated blood pressure without family history of hypertension or familial dyslipidemia. Initially, a spiral computed tomographic angiography of the renal arteries was conducted, demonstrating completely abnormal left renal artery at the medial portion of the vessel with suspicious stenosis, which was supposed to be due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Subsequently, the patient underwent selective renal angiography and balloon angioplasty. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2020 Apr;44(4):509-515

Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is usually seen in premature infants who require mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy for acute respiratory distress. Although most patients wean from oxygen therapy by the ages of 2 to 3, rehospitalization for respiratory problems is common in these patients in adulthood. There have been few studies that document the long-term outcomes of BPD survivors and information about the pulmonary function and radiographic findings of adult BPD are limited. Read More

Heart 2020 Apr 13;106(7):487-492. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

U.O. Emodinamica e Cardiologia Invasiva, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milano, Italy.

There are important dissimilarities in clinical presentation, aggregation of comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors and the quality of delivery of medical care among men and women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Compared with men, despite the well-known older age and more pronounced frailty, women with ACS present later from symptom onset and are at high bleeding risk after invasive procedures. In addition, autoimmune/inflammatory disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, polycystic ovary, early menopause and history of pre-eclampsia are risk factors preceding ACS among younger women. Read More

Perm J 2019 11;23. Epub 2019 Oct 11.

Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, CA.

Context: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndrome, which predominantly affects healthy women; however, few data define this vulnerable population.

Objective: To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCAD and determine outcomes in a community-based cohort.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of patients with SCAD at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during a 10-year period. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2020 Jul 7;66:318-325. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann Hospital - Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston, TX. Electronic address:

Background: Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare congenital or acquired condition marked by segmental or diffuse stenosis of the distal thoracic and/or abdominal aorta and its branches. The optimal approach to medical or interventional management of MAS and long-term outcomes in adults are not well defined. We reviewed MAS cases to characterize the natural history of aortic disease, identify prognostic factors, and evaluate the durability of invasive interventions. Read More

J Hypertens 2020 Apr;38(4):737-744

Department of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw.

Objective: Visceral artery fibromuscular dysplasia (VA FMD) manifestations range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of VA FMD.

Methods: A total of 232 FMD patients enrolled into ongoing ARCADIA-POL study were included in this analysis. Read More

J Invasive Cardiol 2020 Jan;32(1):E9-E10

Department of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiac Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.

The common cause of renal artery stenosis in young is fibromuscular dysplasia or Takayasu arteritis. Recanalized thrombus, on the other hand, is a rare cause for renal artery stenosis in young patients. OCT imaging confirmed the diagnosis and optimized the renal stenting results. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 29;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 29.

Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Case Rep Cardiol 2019 25;2019:7218480. Epub 2019 Nov 25.

Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital, St Peter's Rd, Margate CT9 4AN, UK.

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Aortic dissection and SCAD share common aetiologies such as a fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), Marfan, Ehlers Danlos, and more rarely systemic lupus erythematosus and Loeys-Dietz; however, SCAD has never been known to have a familial association with aortic dissection.

Case Summary: This case report describes a 48-year-old woman suffering from SCAD who had a mother who died from ascending aortic dissection in her 50s. Read More

Cardiovasc Pathol 2020 Mar - Apr;45:107182. Epub 2019 Nov 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

A case is reported of a 40-year-old woman clinically diagnosed as moyamoya disease with associated fibromuscular dysplasia of intrapulmonary bronchial arteries incidentally revealed during autoptic examination. Moyamoya disease represents an idiopathic noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic arterio-occlusive process of intracranial arteries. Prolonged brain ischemia leads to formation of tiny and fragile collaterals. Read More

Hypertens Res 2020 May 18;43(5):466-469. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Paris, France.

J Neurointerv Surg 2020 May 4;12(5):531-534. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine/Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center - Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Background: Carotid web (CaW) is a shelf-like linear filling defect in the posterior aspect of the internal carotid bulb, representing an intimal variant of fibromuscular dysplasia. The diagnosis of CaW is traditionally restricted to digital subtraction angiography (DSA), CT/MR angiography (CTA/MRA), and Duplex ultrasonography. In this series of patients with acute ischemic stroke, we evaluated the potential utility of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in further characterizing suspected CaWs. Read More

Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2019 Dec 3;21(11):77. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Cryptogenic stroke describes a subset of ischemic stroke for which no cause can be found despite a structured investigation. There are a number of putative mechanisms of cryptogenic ischemic stroke including a covert structural cardiac lesion, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypercoagulable state or undiagnosed malignancy. Because many of these proposed mechanisms are embolic - and based on studies of thrombus history showing commonalities between thrombus composition between cardioembolic and cryptogenic strokes - the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) (Hart et al. Read More