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Integr Comp Biol 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

North American Camelid Studies Program, Nunoa Project, Belchertown, MA 01007, USA.

Copulatory behavior and genital morphology interact to deliver sperm more effectively during mating, but the nature of this interaction has not been explored in depth in most vertebrates. Alpacas have unusually long copulations lasting 15-20 minutes, and a unique copulatory behavior, where the penis intromits all the way past the cervix, into the uterine horns. Here we describe the morphology of male and female genitalia and report unique morphological characteristics that may be associated with this unusual insemination mode. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 22;9:627281. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions, resulting in discordance between an individual's sex chromosomes, gonads, and/or anatomic sex. The management of a newborn with suspected 46,XY DSD remains challenging. Newborns with 46,XY DSD may present with several phenotypes ranging from babies with atypical genitalia or girls with inguinal herniae to boys with micropenis and cryptorchidism. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021 May;60(3):526-529

Department of Genetics and Human Genomics, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas-Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Secc, Z. C. 11000, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Objective: Sex chromosome mosaicism remains challenging in the study of disorders of sex development (DSD). Aneuploid cells in the developing gonad play a major role in sex determination. Therefore, it is necessary acknowledge their presence by different methods. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2021 Apr;43(2):193-198

Infertility Center,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China.

Objective To investigate the effects of self-made carriers on the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue of sheep. Methods Thirty-two ovaries were randomly assigned to fresh group,programmed freezing group,self-made carrier I vitrification group,and self-made carrier Ⅱ vitrification group.The morphology,proliferation,apoptosis,and estrogen level of the ovarian tissue in each group were observed. Read More

Br J Radiol 2021 May 7:20201460. Epub 2021 May 7.

Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is one of the most challenging gynecologic oncologic surgeries and is an overriding term for different procedures that entail radical en bloc resection of the female reproductive organs and removal of additional adjacent affected pelvic organs (bladder, rectum, anus, etc.) with concomitant surgical reconstruction to restore bodily functions. Multimodality cross-sectional imaging with MRI, PET/CT, and CT plays an integral part in treatment decision-making, not only for the appropriate patient selection but also for surveillance after surgery. Read More

Urologiia 2021 May(2):128-134

V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russia.

Bulbourethral glands are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system, the leading function of which is associated with ejaculation and includes both the neutralization of the acidic urine residues and environment of the female vagina, and friction reduction during the sexual intercourse. These glands play the role of immune barrier for urogenital infections, and also synthesize important autocrine and paracrine factors for the male urogenital system development. Glands pathologies usually have a subclinical course, however they can also lead to the functional disorders of the human urogenital system. Read More

Urologiia 2021 May(2):86-89

Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Urethral destruction in women is a rare pathology which is result of traumatic damage of the urethra during pelvic fractures, sexual trauma, iatrogenic effects (operative vaginal delivery, prolonged catheterization of the bladder, complicated surgical interventions on the urethra, etc.). The main symptom of urethral destruction is involuntary urinary incontinence. Read More

Urologiia 2021 May(2):78-81

Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia.

Aim: To suggest new method of surgical correction of hypospadias in girls.

Materials And Methods: For 50 years under our supervision there were 220 girls diagnosed with hypospadias of various forms. In the diagnosis used anamnesis, examination, catheterization and cystoscopy of the bladder, vaginoscopy, ultrasound and X-ray research methods. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 20;9:661472. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.

The pelviperineal organs of the female reproductive tract form an essential cornerstone of human procreation. The system comprises the ectodermal external genitalia, the Müllerian upper-vaginal, cervical, endometrial and oviductal derivatives, and the endodermal ovaries. Each of these organs presents with a unique course of biological development as well as of malignant degeneration. Read More

Zookeys 2021 16;1032:17-62. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand.

Spiny-backed orb-weaving spiders of the subfamily Gasteracanthinae are broadly distributed in the Old World. Despite their use as a model species in biology, evolution, and behavior because of their extraordinary characteristics, the systematics of this group of spiders are still poorly understood. This study elucidates the systematics of Gasteracanthinae in Thailand based on morphological and molecular-based analyses. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2021 May 6. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Cairo University Hospitals, Giza, Egypt.

Background: Clitoral reconstruction after female genital mutilation (FGM) could help alleviate complications caused by FGM, such as clitoral pain, reduced sensation, diminished sexual function, as well as improving aesthetics of the genitalia and restoring anatomy.

Objectives: Create sensate labial flaps to cover the neo-clitoris and assess its outcome.

Methods: Between December 2018 and July 2020, forty patients with FGM underwent clitoral reconstruction and coverage with sensate labial flaps donated by the remnant of the labia minora and were followed prospectively. Read More

Robot Surg 2021 28;8:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Koç University, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.

We present operative, postoperative, oncologic and functional outcomes of genital tract sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy, bilateral extended pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection and intracorporeal Studer pouch construction on five female patients with bladder cancer. One of the cases had concomitant nephroureterectomy performed due to a non-functioning kidney. Median patient age, mean operation time, median estimated blood loss and mean duration of hospital stay were 59 (39-78), 462 ± 25, 400 (50-970), 8. Read More

Vet Med Int 2021 13;2021:6641361. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Haramaya University College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.

Camels are the most efficient domesticated animals in arid and semiarid areas of the world. In Ethiopia, they are the main livestock kept to sustain the livelihoods of pastoralists, as camels are used for milk and meat production and also for transportation. However, she-camel reproductive diseases are one of the major constraints for camel-producing communities. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2021 May 4:e23769. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Objective: Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is defined by the triad of Wilms tumor, nephrotic syndrome, and/or ambiguous genitalia. Genetic testing may help identify new gene mutation sites and play an important role in clinical decision-making.

Methods: We present a patient with an XY karyotype and female appearance, nephropathy, and Wilms tumor in the right kidney. Read More

Urologe A 2021 Apr 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Sektion für rekonstruktive Urologie und geschlechtsangleichende Operationen, Klinik für Urologie und Klinik für roboterassistierte Urologie und Uroonkologie, AGAPLESION Markus-Krankenhaus Frankfurt, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, 60431, Frankfurt, Deutschland.

Background: Growing awareness of gender identity issues and a rising prevalence of female-to-male transsexualism is increasing demand for surgical solutions that deliver both aesthetically and functionally satisfying outer genitalia for transmen.

Objective: This article summarizes the available prosthetic options, describes different surgical approaches and reviews the outcome of prosthetics for transmen with a focus on penile prosthesis in phalloplasty.

Methods: Current international standards of care, reviews and original publications are critically reviewed and correlated with our own experience with more than 400 transmen at two interdisciplinary referral centres in Frankfurt, Germany and London, UK. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Gallarate Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate (VA), Italy.

Importance: Availability of new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and changes of therapeutic paradigms have led to a general improvement of multiple sclerosis (MS) prognosis in adults. It is still unclear whether this improvement also involves patients with pediatric-onset MS (POMS), whose early management is more challenging.

Objective: To evaluate changes in the prognosis of POMS over time in association with changes in therapeutic and managing standards. Read More

Gynecol Oncol 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Background: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with increased risk of gynecologic cancers, yet the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on gynecologic cancers is unclear.

Objectives: To examine associations between GDM history and subsequent gynecologic cancers in parous women, and to explore whether gestational hypertension (GH) plays a role in the associations.

Study Design: The population-based cohort study included 15,941 individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry. Read More

J Sex Med 2021 Apr 27. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France.

Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or any other injury of the female genitalia that is performed for nonmedical reasons. FGM is classified into 4 types. Surgical clitoral reconstruction was first described by Thabet and Thabet in Egypt and subsequently by Foldès in France. Read More

J Reprod Immunol 2021 Apr 15;145:103325. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Contraceptive vaccine (CV) is a valuable, non-invasive, and alternative method for purposeful contraception. Sperm antigens are useful targets for producing CVs due to their specialized expression in sperm. In this study, a recombinant protein containing three main sperm epitopes (IZUMO1, SACA3, and PH-20) was designed and evaluated as CV to control fertility in male mice. Read More

Integr Cancer Ther 2021 Jan-Dec;20:15347354211007560

Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Cancer of the reproductive tract includes diseases with higher prevalence in the female population. This investigation examined whether an anthocyanin-enriched extract of , commonly known as "maqui," could affect some hallmarks of endometrial cancer. Cultures of the human endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa were treated with a hydroethanolic maqui extract at 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, or 1000 µg/mL to determine the effect on cell viability by MTT assay. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 8;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Szamarzewskiego 82/84 St, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.

Background: Radiotherapy, as a method of treatment of cervical and uterine cancers, may induce severe late-onset vaginal side effects. Unfortunately, little evidence on the management of adverse effects has been presented. This study aimed to evaluate the available interventions which reduce symptoms of vaginitis and vaginal atrophy by improving dyspareunia, mucosal inflammation, vaginal pH and vaginal dryness in women who have undergone brachytherapy or radiotherapy due to uterine or cervical malignancies. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2021 Apr 3;21(7). Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.

Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in newborns and the survivors are prone to health complications. Threatened preterm labor (TPL) is the most common cause of hospitalization in the second half of pregnancy. The current methods used in clinical practice to diagnose preterm labor, the Bishop score or cervical length, have high negative predictive values but not positive ones. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 May;50(5):437-441

Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.

Ginekol Pol 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Objectives: Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant cancer of female reproductive organs. The number of diagnosed cases of endometrial cancer is increasing from year to year. Endometrial cancer is a neoplasm with a good survival rate. Read More

N Engl J Med 2021 Apr;384(17):1635-1645

From the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore.

Biol Reprod 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.

Sex determination requires the commitment of bipotential gonads to either a testis or ovarian fate. Gene deletion of the kinase Map3k4 results in gonadal sex reversal in XY mice, and transgenic re-expression of Map3k4 rescues the sex reversal phenotype. Map3k4 encodes a large, multi-functional protein possessing a kinase domain and several, additional protein-protein interaction domains. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 10;38:148. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.

Introduction: endometrial cancer is the most common type of cancer in the female genital tract. Most patients are diagnosed during postmenopausal periods. This study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics as well as cutoff value of endometrial thickness and ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2020 Jun 24;32(3):181-188. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Medical Education, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.

Background: Internalized stigma, adoption of negative attitudes and stereotypes of the society regarding persons' illness, has not been studied previously in pediatric psoriasis patients.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the internalized stigma in pediatric psoriasis patients and to determine differences according to factors affecting internalized stigma compared to adult psoriasis patients.

Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional, comparative study included 125 pediatric (55 female, 70 male; mean age±standard deviation [SD], 14. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(17):e25691

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan.

Rationale: Primary vaginal malignant melanoma is a sporadic and very aggressive tumor that is treated through surgery or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Since most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, the operation range is extensive, the quality of life is poor, and the prognosis is gloomy.

Patient Concerns: A 58-year-old woman presented irregular water-like leukorrhea for 1 month after 6 years of menopause. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(17):e25361

Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

Abstract: We aimed to investigate ovarian reserve status, and explore differences in ovarian reserve between fertile and infertile healthy Chinese women of reproductive age.We recruited 442 fertile women aged 23 to 49 years (mean: 35.22 ± 4. Read More