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Dermatol Pract Concept 2018 Oct 31;8(4):292-294. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy.

Clin Case Rep 2018 Nov 11;6(11):2211-2212. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Division of Dermatology Groote Schuur Hospital Cape Town South Africa.

Actinic comedonal plaque is a variant of Favre-Racouchot syndrome which is a complication of solar degeneration of the skin. It is common in skin types 1-4 and unknown to rare in skin of color. This case report should create an awareness of this disease so not to be missed. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 9. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Jul 19. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Favre-Racouchot disease (FRD) is a relatively common dermatosis induced by chronic sun exposure. FRD is clinically and histologically characterized by the presence of both comedones and cysts in the context of an elastotic degeneration of the dermis. Those lesions are mainly located in the face, especially in the malar and periorbital areas. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 18;32(11):e411-e413. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

JAMA Dermatol 2018 May;154(5):623-625

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace, 9 - 20122 - Milan, Italy.

J Gen Fam Med 2017 12 21;18(6):454-455. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

Dermatology Department Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social "Centro Médico, Nacional del Noreste 25" Monterrey México.

Int J Trichology 2016 Jan-Mar;8(1):21-3

Department of Pathology, ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Trichostasis spinulosa (TS) is a relatively common but underdiagnosed disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles in which there is follicular hyperkeratosis of a dilated hair follicle with retention of telogen hairs. Clinical presentation of this disorder can be confused with comedogenic acne, keratosis pilaris, eruptive vellus hair cysts, and Favre-Racouchot syndrome. A case of a nonpruritic variant of TS in a 16-year-old boy is reported because of its unusual location as well as presentation in the lower eyelid, giving an appearance of a double eyelid. Read More

J Dermatol Case Rep 2015 Dec 31;9(4):103-6. Epub 2015 Dec 31.

Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

Background: Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular cutaneous elastosis with cysts and comedones) is a cutaneous disease characterized by coexistence of cysts, comedones and elastotic nodules in actinically damaged skin, typically on the face. Ultraviolet radiation plays a significant role in the development of the disease. Unilateral lesions have been described. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2015 May-Jun;90(3 Suppl 1):185-7

Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, BR.

The actinic comedonal plaque is characterized by papules, cysts and comedones forming a yellowish plaque in areas of chronic sun exposure skin. There are few reports in literature about this entity, considered a rare and ectopic form of Favré-Racouchot Syndrome. We report two cases of lesions located on forearms and thorax. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2014 Dec;5(Suppl 2):S128-9

Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2014 Apr;7(2):135-6

Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India E-mail:

J Dermatol 2014 Jul 8;41(7):642-4. Epub 2014 May 8.

Department of Dermatology, The 251st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Zhangjiakou, China.

Favre-Racouchot syndrome (FRS) is a disorder consisting of solar elastosis with the presence of multiple cysts and open comedones. Although the exact mechanism of the condition is not known, FRS has been specifically connected to sun exposure, smoking and radiation exposure. The histological changes present in FRS reveal an atrophic epidermis and large masses of keratinous material, causing follicular plugging, as well as solar elastotic changes and possible basophilic degeneration of connective tissue. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2015 Jul-Aug;31(4):e111-2

*Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Lions Eye Institute, Albany Medical Center; and †Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A.

This study details the case of periocular Favre-Racouchot disease an often underdiagnosed entity with a complex differential diagnosis. This is an unusual condition that can potentially affect the periocular region; however, there is little information regarding Favre-Racouchot disease reported in the peer-reviewed ophthalmology literature. Increased awareness of Favre-Racouchot disease among ophthalmologists, oculofacial surgeons, and other specialists can lead to proper diagnosis impacting treatment options and patient outcome. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2014 Feb 18;20(2). Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Claudius REGAUD Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center.

The appearance of localized acne or comedo reaction during or shortly after radiotherapy is an unusual adverse event, but one that is probably underestimated. It can manifest as an inflammatory (papules, pustules, nodules), comedonal (open and closed comedones, Favre-Racouchot-like syndrome), or mixed presentation. We report two new cases of radiation-induced acne with different clinical aspects and discuss the main known features of this adverse event. Read More

J Cutan Med Surg 2014 Jan-Feb;18(1):72-4

Background: Favre-Racouchot syndrome is a cutaneous disease characterized by nodules, cysts, and comedones that typically develops on sun-exposed areas of the face. This syndrome most commonly affects white males between the ages of 40 and 60 years and is frequently associated with chronic sun exposure and, more recently, chronic cigarette smoking.

Objective: We report a case of Favre-Racouchot syndrome in a 39-year-old female who received 6 weeks of radiation therapy to treat a grade 3 oligodendroglioma. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2014 Mar;170(3):657-60

The Laser Division, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, Manchester, M6 8HD, U.K.

Background: Favre-Racouchot syndrome (FRS) is both disfiguring and difficult to treat. Available medical and surgical therapies are of variable efficacy. Most treatments do not achieve complete resolution and do not show maintenance of therapeutic response. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2013 6;15. Epub 2013 May 6.

Service de Dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Université Med V, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco.

J Biomed Res 2012 Nov 4;26(6):474-7. Epub 2012 Apr 4.

Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China;

A 55-year-old Chinese man presented with an asymptomatic pedunculated elevation on his left lower eyelid which had been gradually increasing in size during the past three years. The patient was diagnosed with eyelid papilloma by pathological examination. Concomitantly, the patient developed open comedones with a bilateral linear distribution, along with oblique wrinkle lines in his infraorbital regions. Read More

Dermatology 2013 26;226(1):32-4. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, DE–80337 Munich, Germany.

Favre-Racouchot disease commonly presents as comedones, cysts and elastosis in the periocular region of older men. Its etiology has been linked to several exogenous factors. Here we present 2 patients with strictly unilateral manifestation of the disease and a corresponding history of predominantly one-sided chronic occupational sun exposure and smoking, making the case for the causative role of these two factors. Read More

Hautarzt 2012 Oct;63(10):766-7

Hautklinik des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.

A 71-year-old man presented with disfiguring skin changes of the nose and cheek. The patient had undergone a surgery of a malignant melanoma of the right paranasal sinus and then 5 months later received radiation therapy with 60 Gy total dose to the endonasal area. Physical examination revealed elastosis, open and closed comedones, and cysts in the field of radiation exposure. Read More

Can Fam Physician 2010 Mar;56(3):247-8

Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario.

Dermatol Ther 2010 Jan-Feb;23 Suppl 1:S4-6

Dermatology Unit, Cutroni-Zodda Hospital, Barcellona, Italy.

Nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones also known as Favre-Racouchot syndrome frequently occurs on actinically damaged skin of middle-aged or elderly Caucasian subjects. The disease usually affects simmetrically the skin mainly around the orbits. Treatment in the past has not been entirely satisfactory. Read More

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2009 May-Jun;47(3):285-9

Hospital Universitario Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

Objective: To describe and compare the skin diseases in elderly attended at the geriatric service with those attended at the dermatology service.

Methods: The study was carried out on 100 elderly patients attended at the geriatrics service of nonskin disease and 100 elderly patients attended at the dermatology service. The sampling was of consecutive cases. Read More

Prague Med Rep 2008 ;109(4):321-4

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey.

We present a case of bilateral foot multiple cutaneous myxomas, associated with Favre-Racouchot syndrome (FRS) which is a dermatologic condition of multiple large comedones and nodules of the periorbital areas. As the mucocutaneous and cardiac manifestations were absent, Carney complex was excluded. To our knowledge, there has been no report of the association of cutaneous myxoma and FRS. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2007 Jun;143(6):810-2

Clin Exp Dermatol 2007 May 23;32(3):272-4. Epub 2007 Jan 23.

Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.

Solar elastosis (SE) is a well-recognized manifestation of chronic sun exposure, mainly affecting white patients. Well-established clinical manifestations of SE include Favre-Racouchot syndrome, cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, actinic comedonal plaques, elastomas, elastotic nodules of the ears, elastotic bands, collagenous plaques of the hands and colloid millia. Bullous SE is a very unusual presentation of SE, which consists clinically of tense bullae on chronically sun-damaged skin and is characterized histopathologically by a dermal cleft within a dermis with severe SE. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2006 Oct;22(5):273-4

Unidad de Dermatología Occidente, Universidad de Chile, Chile.

A 57-year-old, fair-skinned female patient with lesions of granuloma annulare located on her forearms - with signs of actinic damage - is described. No response was observed after successive treatments with topical corticosteroids and oral pentoxifylline. Four years later, the patient developed open comedones on the rim of granuloma annulare lesions. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2006 Jul 27;126(7):1490-6. Epub 2006 Apr 27.

Institute of Social Medicine, Medical University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.

Nevi can approximate the melanoma risk and demographic changes will increase the meaning of signs of skin aging (SSA). However, little is known about the epidemiology of nevi and SSA in the general adult population. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and age distribution of common and atypical nevi and SSA as well as gender differences in a large population-based sample. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005 Oct;21(5):275-7

Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.

Favre-Racouchot disease (FRD) is a common disease characterized by solar elastosis and large open comedones and cysts. This disorder mainly affects elderly Caucasian men who have had a great deal of exposure to the sun. Patients having FRD continuously develop numerous large open comedones that could cause a cosmetic problem. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2005 Feb;27(1):34-5

Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Solar elastosis is a recognized manifestation of chronic sun exposure affecting mainly Caucasian skin. Recognizable clinical manifestations of solar elastosis include cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, Favre-Racouchot syndrome, actinic comedonal plaque, nodular forms such as elastomas, elastic nodule of the ear and elastotic bands, collagenous plaques of the hand, and colloid milia. We report two patients with an unusual presentation of vesicular lesions clinically and histopathologically situated in zones of severe solar elastosis that has been previously referred to as bullous solar elastosis. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2004 Jul;51(1):1-21; quiz 22-4

Department of Dermatology, Brown Medical School-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.

Elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix are an integral component of dermal connective tissue. The resilience and elasticity required for normal structure and function of the skin may be attributed to the network of elastic tissue. Advances in our understanding of elastic tissue physiology provide a foundation for studying the pathogenesis of elastic tissue disorders. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2004 Mar;43(3):167-9

Dermatology and Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA.

Solar elastosis with comedones studding the central face is often referred to as Favre-Racouchot disease. These open and cystically dilated comedones tend to appear in the periorbital region of the face. The clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and current treatment of this disorder are reviewed. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2004 Jan;140(1):129-31

J Am Acad Dermatol 2003 Jul;49(1):117-9

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.

J Cutan Pathol 2003 Jan;30(1):29-31

Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

Background: Vellus hair cyst is an uncommon developmental abnormality of the vellus follicle histologically defined as a stratified squamous epithelial-lined cyst containing one or more vellus hairs.

Methods: Herein, we report three patients with a heretofore described clinicopathologic condition consisting of multiple contiguous cysts of the ear helices showing solar elastosis and multiple cysts containing vellus hairs, microscopically.

Conclusion: Given the anatomic location, history of excessive ultraviolet exposure and pathologic alterations, we surmise that this is a condition related to Favre-Racouchot syndrome, which is predisposed by excessive ultraviolet light exposure. Read More

Dermatology 2002 ;204(3):251

Dermatology 2001 ;202(3):270-1

Arch Dermatol 1997 Jun;133(6):796-7

Arch Dermatol 1997 Jun;133(6):743-5

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To determine the distinction between a comedo and an infundibular cyst of Favre-Racouchot disease.

Setting: A university hospital.

Patients: From the 8 patients included in the study, 19 cysts and comedones were evaluated. Read More

Int J Dermatol 1995 Aug;34(8):546-50

Department of Dermatology, University of Granada Hospital, Spain.

Background: Although hemodialysis has been associated with lesions of cutaneous aging, no controlled studies have been done in patients with chronic renal failure under periodic hemodialysis. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of several clinical parameters of cutaneous aging and their relationship with hemodialysis.

Methods: One hundred fourteen patients on chronic hemodialysis were investigated for the presence of several cutaneous aging markers in a cross-sectional study, using multivariate analysis to minimize the confounding effect of age. Read More

Dermatology 1994 ;189(2):129-32

Clinica Dermatologica Università degli Studi, Ancona, Italia.

Background: There is an increased risk for agricultural workers to acquire skin problems, but data so far published are still very scarce.

Objective: To individualize skin disorders that involved this class of workers.

Methods: Between 1990 and 1992, 426 agricultural workers, authorized to use pesticides, were examined. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 1994 ;121(10):721-3

Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de l'Antiquaille, Lyon.

Introduction: Cutaneous elastosis with cysts and comedones (Favre-Racouchot) is one of the oldest known manifestations of helioderma. Both sides of the face are usually involved symmetrically.

Case Report: We observed a 65-year-old woman with extremely severe Favre-Racouchot disease localized exclusively on the left side of the face. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 1993 May;18(3):256-8

Department of Health Sciences and Dermatology, University of Osnabrück, Germany.

A 59-year-old woman with a single cuff-like plaque, consisting of multiple skin-coloured to bluish cysts and comedones on her right forearm is reported. The solitary lesion resembled, morphologically and histologically, the Favre-Racouchot syndrome. The above condition is another case of the previously described actinic comedonal plaque, which seems to be a rare entity within the spectrum of disease caused by actinic damage to the skin. Read More

Dermatology 1993 ;187(4):273-7

Department of Dermatology, University of Turin, Italy.

A case of a patient who developed simultaneously mycosis fungoides (MF) and multiple, tiny eruptive cutaneous cysts on the face, neck and upper part of the trunk is reported. Histologically and immunohistochemically MF infiltrate was recognized not only in the upper part of the dermis and in the epidermis but also around and within the walls of cystic lesions. Furthermore, the eccrine structures were also involved by MF infiltrate. Read More

Arch Dermatol 1992 May;128(5):615-6

Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Tex.

Med Pregl 1992 ;45(9-10):338-40

Medicinski fakultet, Klinika za infektivne i dermatoveneroloske bolesti, Novi Sad.

The authors present a case of Favre-Racouchot syndrome (elastoidosis nodularis cystica et comedonica) in a male mason aged 65, associated with nodular-ulcerative type of basocellular skin neoplasm and seboroic keratosis of the irritative type. A special reference is given to nodular cystic elastoidosis (NCE) with concurrent numerous skin changes characteristic for chronic actinic skin lesions which were clinically evidenced. An objective examination of the patient revealed the presence of multiple follicular comedones, black in colour, the size of a pinhead, and of yellowish follicular papulas, 2-5 mm in size, of solid consistency, on the top of which is a formation similar to comedone. Read More

Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1988 (6):35-7

Am J Dermatopathol 1987 Feb;9(1):15-7

Favre-Racouchot disease often is reported to be characterized by the association of cysts and comedos with prominent solar elastosis. Our histological study of patients who rarely exposed themselves to solar irradiation revealed no association between these signs. We detected only the presence of kerosis, as well as closed and open comedos. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 1986 May;14(5 Pt 1):849